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Topic: Lac insect

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	Lac - LoveToKnow 1911
		The insect which yields it is closely allied to the cochineal insect, Coccus cacti; kermes, C. ilicis and Polish grains,!C. polonicus, all of which, like the lac insect, yield a red colouring matter.
		The insects begin at once to exude the resinous secretion over their entire bodies; this forms in effect a cocoon, and, the separate exudations coalescing, a continuous hard resinous layer regularly honeycombed with small cavities is deposited over and around the twig.
		Lac is a principal ingredient in sealing-wax, and forms the basis of some of the most valuable varnishes, besides being useful in various cements, andc.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Lac (471 words)

	Non-wood forest products for rural income and sustainable forestry - INSECT DYES 5
		The water-soluble dyestuff, lac dye is composed of analogues of laccaic acid, mainly in the form of ammonium salts.
		Lac insects can be cultured over a fairly wide range of the tropics and sub-tropics and on a large number of host trees (see Table 10).
		Kusmi lac cultivation: a remunerative enterprise for the tribals of Orissa.
	www.fao.org /docrep/V8879E/V8879e08.htm (2173 words)

	Shellac
		Lac insects thrive on certain trees and the principal lac host trees in India are Palas, Kusum and Ber.
		The lac scraped from the branches is known as crude lac or sticklac.
		Crude lac or stick-lac, consists of the resin, the encrusted insects, lac dye, and twigs.
	www.antcons.com.au /Shellac.html (1178 words)

	Encyclopedia
		resinous substance secreted by the lac insect upon the twigs and young branches of certain trees, the chief of which are species of fig.
		The term is the same as the numerical lac (or lakh), meaning 100,000, and denotes the myriad insects that swarm upon the trees.
		Crude lac, known as stick-lac, consists of the resin, the encrusted insects, lac dye, and twigs.
	history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..la001800.a#FWNE.fw..l... (290 words)

	lac - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		LAC [lac] resinous exudation from the bodies of females of a species of scale insect (Tachardia lacca), from which shellac is prepared.
		The insects feed on the sap of the twigs of certain tropical trees, some of which are cultivated for this purpose.
		Chasing the lac insect in the land of the thunder dragon.(Bhutan's Dyeing Traditions)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/l/lac.asp (397 words)

	Lac - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Lac is the scarlet resinous secretion of the insect Laccifer lacca.
		Laccifer lacca belongs to the family of scale insects and mealy bugs Coccoidea a large family of plant sucking insects.
		Lac production is found in Northern India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and parts of China.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Lac (306 words)

	SHELLAC EPC
		The lac dyes was removed by the initial washing of the shellac resin in large ketties, which is also the fast step in the preparing the resin.
		Lac could not be synthesised artificially in the laboratory (even till today), but attempts to produce "synthetic lac" (see above) ultimately produced a wide range of polymers and plastics, which managed to replace lac from many of its traditional uses.
		However, the lac insect, which is technically a parasite of trees such as Schleichera oleosa (vern: kusum), Zizyphus mauritiana (vern: ber) and Butea monosperma (vern: palas) in India and of the rain tree, Samanea saman in south east Asia e.g.
	www.shellacepc.com /history.html (1962 words)

	Shellac
		Lac (Laccifer Lacca) are scale insects (insects that attach themselves in great numbers to plants and trees) which drain the sap from the bark of their host tree, allowing them to secrete lac resin which is scraped off and manufactured into shellac.
		Lac resin begins now to be secreted at a faster rate and a continuous layer coalesces or grows into one body, covering the entire swarm.
		Lac dye (laccaic acid) is obtained during the washing of seedlac.
	www.vegansociety.com /html/animals/exploitation/shellac.php (1129 words)

	Shellac - Background, History, Raw Materials, The Manufacturing, Byproducts/Waste
		Lac is the name given to the resinous secretion of the tiny lac insect (Laccifer lacca) which is parasitic on certain trees in Asia, particularly India and Thailand.
		The lac bugs' life cycle is only six months, in which time they eat, propagate, and secrete the resin they've taken in from the tree to produce shellac.
		As the female lac bug is exuding the ingested sap she is preparing to die and is providing a fluid in which her eggs will mature under protection.
	www.madehow.com /Volume-4/Shellac.html (1956 words)

	Shellac info
		The Lac insect feeds on the sap of the host tree and secretes the lac as a protective shell; within which the females lay their eggs.
		The lac is harvested by pruning the encrusted branches.
		Once the lac is removed from the branches, it is crushed then washed with water to remove a once valuable red or bright orange dyestuff from it.
	www.woodfinishingsupplies.com /shellac_info.htm (1322 words)

	Lac - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Lac, resinous substance secreted by the lac insect upon the twigs and young branches of certain trees, the chief of which are species of fig.
		- resinous insect secretion: a resinous substance secreted by some insects lac insects.
		Marian College of Fond Du Lac, Marian College of Fond du Lac, Graduate Studies, Moraine Park Technical College - Fond du Lac Campus, University of...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Lac.html (124 words)

	Insect Goods and Services
		The lac scale is a native of India and Burma and it's host plant is related to the fig trees.
		The lac floats to the surface of the water and is skimmed from the surface and dried in the sun.
		The insects are carefully brushed from the cacti into bags and are then killed by immersion in hot water or by exposure to sunlight, steam, or the heat of an oven; much of the variety in the appearance of commercial cochineal is caused by the differing modes of treatment.
	www.ndsu.nodak.edu /entomology/topics/goods.htm (2005 words)

	SHELLAC EPC
		Lac insects settle closely on the twigs of certain host trees, suck the plant sap and grow, all the while secreting lac resin from their bodies.
		Lac cultivation is done by putting sticks of lac encrustations (broodlac) which contain mature female (gravid) insects, which are about to give birth to young larvae, on suitably prepared specific host plants.
		Since lac insects are cultured on host trees which are growing primarily in wasteland areas, promotion of lac and its culture can help in eco-system development as well as reasonably high economic returns.
	shellacepc.com /faq.html (2163 words)

	International trade in non-wood forest products: An overview - IX. Insect products
		Lac, silk, natural honey, beeswax, cochineal and aleppo galls are the commercially important NWFP produced by insects.
		Lac is a resinous secretion obtained from body of a hemipterous insect, Laccifera lacca.
		Stick lac is the crude product obtained directly from the trees, and is known as seed lac once particulate matter has been removed from the sticks and as shellac when the resin has been extracted.
	www.fao.org /docrep/x5326e/x5326e0c.htm (2752 words)

	Shellac and Shellac Products
		The lac insect sucks the sap from small branches of the Kusumi tree, then secretes through its pores the lac resin.
		After removing the lac, it is then ground up into a granular form and washed several times with water in washers that remove much of the impurities.
		The insects from this broodlac swarm all through the new branches on the trees to start producing a new crop of lac resin.
	www.temuss.com /html/shellac.html (528 words)

	The Story of Shellac on the Natural Handyman home repair and do it yourself website (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		“Lac” is derived from the Sanskrit word “lakh” which means 100,000 and refers to the vast swarms of insect larvae that inundate lac trees during brood season.
		In veterinary medicine lac was mixed with lard and the paste used to fill the cavities in the hooves of horses and cattle.
		While she is secreting lac, she is preparing herself to die after providing a fluid in which her eggs will mature and from which the future supply of bugs will come, to repeat the process of swarming, propagating and creating the next season's shellac harvest.
	www.naturalhandyman.com /iip/inf/inf/author/zinsser/shellac.shtm (4191 words)

	Dryland agriculture: Sticking to the hillsides
		Although the market for lac collapsed when synthetic resins became widely available, lac production was once a major source of income for farmers in the southern provinces of China.
		Brood lac insects are bound on to the stem of one-year old pigeonpea plants just below the first branch.
		In China, lac was used as a dye for leather until supplanted by synthetics.
	www.new-agri.co.uk /02-5/focuson/focuson4.html (747 words)

	MFA - CAMEO - Material Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		A deep red colorant extracted from the crude shellac resin excreted by the lac insect, Laccifer (Tachardia) lacca (formerly Coccus lacca), indigenous to southeast Asia.
		Lac dye is a byproduct produced during the shellac purification process.
		Lac dye was also precipitated with alumina trihydrate to make Indian lake pigment.
	mfa.org /_CAMEO/FRONTEND/material_description.asp?name=lac+dye&... (204 words)

	ILRI - Basic Info on Lac / Shellac
		Lac is the hardened resin, secreted by the tiny lac insect belonging to a bug family.
		Since the insects are closely spaced on the twigs, the resin forms continuous encrustations over the twigs of the host trees.
		Lac encrustations are removed from the twigs of host plants by scraping.
	www.icar.org.in /ilri/basicinfo.htm (302 words)

	Artisans of the Valley - Educational Services The History and use of Shellac
		Lac bugs, about the size of an apple seed, live attached to trees, in great numbers, called lac host trees where they secrete lac resin, the raw material for shellac.
		Lac insects lead a short six-month life cycle consisting of four stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult.
		It contains sand, insect debris and other impurities; Passewa is obtained by boiling the cloth bag used for refining seedlac and is available as thick slabs; Shellac wax is retrieved from shellac and has properties similar to carnauba wax; Lac dye (laccaic acid) is obtained during the washing of seedlac.
	www.artisansofthevalley.com /ed_shellac.shtml (5027 words)

	lac - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		The resinous secretion hardens upon exposure to air and forms a protective incrustation around the female and young, which are thus held fast to the twigs.
		If the stick lac is crushed, the wood splinters and other foreign materials removed, and the red coloring matter produced by the insects dissolved out, the residue when dried is seed lac.
		Seed lac is melted, filtered, and stretched into thin sheets, which are broken into flakes when cool.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-lac.html (397 words)

	perintis2020 - cahl
		The commonest and the most widely occurring species of lac insect in India is Laccifer lacca (Kerr) which produces the bulk of commercial lac.
		Lac is the resinous protective secretion of the tiny lac insect.
		Lac resin is composed of mainly hydroxy fatty acids of C
	business.fortunecity.com /mars/653/cahl.htm (412 words)

	THE MYSORE LAC INSECT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The lac insect is a highly gregarious insect.
		It normally forms what may be called a giant colony or stick lac and the minute morphological and physiological differences, difficult to observe separately are obvious in their totality by comparing specimens of stick lac belonging to two different species of lac insect.
		Lacshadia mysorensis is the only insect which has three life cycles a year, and the while its productivity has increased its size decreased, just as is the case with polyvoltine silk worms.
	ces.iisc.ernet.in /biodiversity/documents/title121the.htm (112 words)

	Lac - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Lac, resinous substance secreted by the lac insect on the twigs and young branches of certain trees, the chief of which are species of fig.
		Geneva, Lake, also Lac Léman or Lake Leman (German, Genfersee), largest lake in central Europe, about 583 sq km (225 sq mi) in area, straddling the...
		It begins at Lac La Loche in north-western Saskatchewan and...
	au.encarta.msn.com /Lac.html (112 words)

	Chapter LAC <i>to</i> LACK of L by The Hobson Jobson Dictionary
		Schleichera bijuga, trijuga) by the puncture of the Lac insect (Coccus Lacca, L.).
		(Garcia says that the Arabs called it loc-sumutri, ‘lac of Sumatra’; probably because the Pegu lac was brought to the ports of Sumatra, and purchased there.) And this the term in the Periplus seems unquestionably to indicate; whilst it is probable that the passage quoted from Aelian is a much misconceived account of the product.
		So also are lacquer and lackered ware, because lac is used in some of the varnishes with which such ware is prepared.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/260/1279/20073/1.html (786 words)

	Guide to Dyes
		Lac is a resin secreted by the lac insect (Laccifer lacca) upon the smaller branches of trees, primarily the fig tree.
		Lac takes it's name from the word for 100,000 - lahk which refers to the huge number of insects who are needed to make marketable quantities of Lac.
		Stick lac is when the lac is still on the branch and grain lac is when it has been crushed and washed.
	www.spongobongo.com /zz9948.htm (2240 words)

	Lobate Lac Scale, Paratachardina lobata lobata (Chamberlin) (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Kerriidae) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		A species of scale insect new to Florida is potentially one of the most devastating pests of trees and shrubs in the state's history.
		The lobate lac scale, Paratachardina lobata lobata (Chamberlin) (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Kerriidae), a scale insect native to India and Sri Lanka, was found for the first time in Florida in August 1999 by personnel of the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry (DPI) (Hamon 2001).
		The potential for further spread of this scale insect in the western hemisphere is especially high for warm areas into which there is significant movement of living plants from Florida, e.g., Puerto Rico and other localities of the Caribbean Region, California, and Hawaii.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /IN471 (2320 words)

	Star-K Kosher Certification - Kosher Consumer
		Shellac or lac resin is a product that is imported from India and is used in waxes for citrus fruits, apples and pears.
		It is a product that is derived from the secretions of the tiny lac insect.
		The lac insect secretes "lac-resin" from its glands onto a host tree.
	www.star-k.org /kashrus/kk-vegetables-wax.htm (1404 words)

	Rediff Web Search
		Lac, which is considered as natures gift to mankind, is the only known commercial resin of animal origin...
		Lac is the hardened resin, secreted by the tiny lac insect belonging...
		widely known Indian lac insect is Kerria lac Kerr (Tachardiidae: Homoptera) although the lac insect...
	search.rediff.com /dirsrch/default.asp?MT=lac+...&act.search.y=8 (372 words)

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