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Topic: Lacandon

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Lacandon language

Maya people

Tzotzil

Maya language

Jacaltec

Maya civilization

Chiapas

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Julia Child

	Vann with Lacandon child (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In January, the Lacandones begin clearing the undergrowth for a new field to be planted in April or May. It is also the time to put in the winter crop of corn.
		Lacandon women plant and harvest secondary crops: squash, beans, tomatoes, root crops, onions and chayotes (a member of the gourd family).
		Sukunkyum, the older brother of Hachäkyum, is the chief lord of the underworld and the judge of souls.
	www.albion.edu /library/specialcollections/VannExhibit_Lacandon.asp (716 words)

	Lacandon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Lacandon are one of the Maya peoples who live in the jungles of the Mexican state of Chiapas, near the southern border with Guatemala.
		The Lacandon, who number only a few hundred today, are one of the most isolated and culturally conservative of Mexico's native peoples.
		Until the mid-20th century the Lacandon had little contact with the outside world, and worshiped their own pantheon of gods and goddesses in small huts set aside for religious worship at the edge of each village.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lacandon (872 words)

	LACANDON MAYA; The Gods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Lacandones worship a complex pantheon of deities of the sky, forest, and the underworld, many of whom are directly related to the gods of the Prehispanic Maya.
		The Lacandones label him as a carrier of disease because of the fever and red skin eruptions that are associated with afflictions such as smallpox and which they equate to being on fire.
		The Lacandon accept Jesus Christ as a god of foreigners, and consequently believe him to be the son of Äkyantho', who is the god of foreign people and objects.
	www.geocities.com /RainForest/3134/lacgods.html (1103 words)

	John Ross on Zapatistas & Ecological
		The Lacandon region was a three million acre wilderness of pristine rivers and lakes, its canopy teeming with Quetzales and Guacamayas under which lived ocelots and jaguars, herds of wild boar and tapir, and the Indians who gave the forest its name.
		The first Lacandones and the Spanish interlopers fought a guerrilla war that did not end until the Indians did - by 1769, there were just five elderly Lacandoes left living outside a mission on the Guatemalan bank of the Usumacinta.
		The land rush narrowed the dimensions of the Lacandon and upeed its population considerably.
	www.processedworld.com /Issues/issue33/ecozap.htm (1469 words)

	LACANDON RAIN FOREST REGION/MEXICO/CPD SITE MA1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Toledo (1982) tentatively identified the Lacandon forest as one of two primary Pleistocene refugia for Mexican tropical rain forest, characterized by high rainfall (over 3000-4000 mm a year), high temperature (annual average over 25°C), and a high concentration of species.
		Furthermore, in the extreme northern part of the Lacandon region the average annual precipitation can exceed 3000 mm; this is the eastern end of another endemic-rich area of rain forest known as "the crescent area".
		Aspects of the Lacandon Maya subsistence and forest-management systems are being examined and applied by some institutions to demonstrate that the practices that serve them – and served the Classic Maya (250-950 AD) – are helpful for the modern development of sustained-yield use of tropical forest ecosystems (Gómez-Pompa 1987; Nations 1988).
	www.nmnh.si.edu /botany/projects/centres/lacandon.htm (3202 words)

	Lacandon Maya
		The Lacandon are a small group of Mayan Indians, today numbering about 500 individuals, who live in the Lacandon jungle area of the southern Mexican state of Chiapas.
		It is believed that the Lacandon are descended from Mayan of the Yucatan peninsula who fled into the jungle during the 17th century to escape the Spanish.
		The Lacandon have traditionally believed in two major groups of gods- the "heavenly gods" that dwell in the sky, and the "earthly gods" that dwell underground.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/mesoamerica/lacandonmaya.html (842 words)

	LACANDON MAYA; Sustainable agriculture in the rain forest. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		LACANDON MAYA; Sustainable agriculture in the rain forest.
		The final ecozone of subsistence for the Lacandon is the primary forest, which yields a wide variety of plant and animal resources.
		The forest is a source of both food and raw materials for construction (wood for beams, thatch for roofing), tools (wood for bows and arrows, feathers for fletching, flint for projectile points and blades, plant fibre for twine), and crafts (clay for pottery, mineral and vegetable pigments for dyes, colourful seeds for necklaces).
	www.geocities.com /RainForest/3134/agricult.html (847 words)

	HoustonChronicle.com - The Fated Forest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Lacandon Maya Indians Bor Paniagua, 8, and his father, Nuxi, use machetes to weed their cornfield.
		Lacandon Maya communities have the backing of environmentalists, anthropologists and government officials who value both their tiny populations and their low-impact farming techniques.
		Lacandon farmers clear small parcels of land, plant for a few seasons, then allow the wilderness to return before repeating the cycle.
	www.chron.com /content/chronicle/special/01/forest/atodds.html (2445 words)

	lacandon maya page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		For example, the Lacandon Maya know that the best area to plant is where the bread nut and ceiba trees are abundant because the soil is rich in nutrients.
		They supplement their diet with game that surrounds the Lacandon forest, such as fish,monkey, wild turkey, partridge, armadillos,etc. However, their main staple is corn which is eaten on the cob, as tortillas, tamales stuffed with other goodies, such as meats and bean, or in posol.
		The Lacandon of the northern region, Chiapas, grow tobacco as part of their economy as well as for pleasure.
	www.csulb.edu /~bmendez2/lacandonmayapage2.html (687 words)

	CPD: Middle America, Site MA1, Lacandon Rain Forest Region, Mexico (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Floristic associations in the Lacandon forest are continuous with those in the Guatemalan Petén (Breedlove 1981) (CPD Site MA13); their compositions are relatively poorly known.
		The region is variously inhabited by five Amerindian groups (Lacandons, Tojolobals, Chols, Tzeltals, Tzotzils), including descendants of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization that flourished for nearly ten centuries, practising a highly diverse, long-term system of food production that showed sustained use of the tropical forest ecosystem.
		Aspects of the Lacandon Maya subsistence and forest-management systems are being examined and applied by some institutions to demonstrate that the practices that serve them and served the Classic Maya (250-950 AD) are helpful for the modern development of sustained-yield use of tropical forest ecosystems (Gómez-Pompa 1987; Nations 1988).
	www.nmnh.si.edu /botany/projects/cpd/ma/ma1.htm (3208 words)

	DoBeS — People & Culture
		The northern Lacandones live west of the Usumacinta River, and southeast of the Mayan ruins of Palenque.
		The southern Lacandones reside southeast of the northern Lacandón territory and near the ruins of Bonampak.
		Conversion of the northern Lacandones proved futile, because the missionaries failed in their efforts to discredit and dismantle the prestige of the patriarch, Chan K'in Viejo, or his profound religious devotion.
	www.mpi.nl /DOBES/projects/lacandon/people (506 words)

	Lacandon - Ethnos - Books about the Lacandon People
		The Lacandon people are indigenous Native American Maya people who live mostly in the jungles in Chiapas, Mexico (until 1854 a part of Guatemala).
		Some continue their Pre-Christian beliefs, especially in the north; another part of the Lacandon people, especially in the south, were converted to a South State Baptist sect of Christianity in the late 20th century, especially by a crypto-missionary society calling itself Summer Institute of Linguistics.
		Heirs of the ancient Maya;: A portrait of the Lacandon Indians
	www.almudo.com /ethnos/Lacandon.htm (334 words)

	DoBeS — Geography
		The population constitutes two main groups that are named according to their geographic location: The northern Lacandones are located northeast of the Usumacinta River.
		The southern Lacandones reside southeast of the northern Lacandón territory, close to the Maya ruins of Bonampak.
		The northern Lacandon community of Naha is the focus of this documenation.
	www.mpi.nl /DOBES/projects/lacandon/geography (152 words)

	lacandon maya page 7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The three groups that the Lacandon consist of have no contact with each other, and sadly their numbers are shrinking.
		The Lacandon have a concept of heaven and hell, as well as that the world will one day end, and the only way to ward off that day is through prayer.
		The Lacandon believe in three heavens: the highest heaven is Chembeku, which is rarely prayed to, the middle heaven is Kakoch, and also is rarely prayed to despite the fact the important god Hachakyum was created there, and the final level is Hachakyum, which is the heaven that all Lacandon hope to reach one day.
	www.csulb.edu /~bmendez2/lacandonmayapage7.html (677 words)

	HACH WINIK HOME PAGE: A Web site for the Lacandon Maya communities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It is sometimes claimed that the Lacandons are the direct decendants of the classical civilizations of Palenque, Yaxchilan and Bonampak.
		As late as the 1940's Lacandon culture was still beyond the influence of Christian missionaries.
		Today, in the village of Najá, the elder Lacandons continue to inspire the community with unique mythological stories, dream interpretations, rituals and agricultural principles that are purely Mayan.
	www.geocities.com /RainForest/3134 (568 words)

	Documents
		The Lacandon ethnic group which originally inhabited the Lacandon Jungle is in no way related to the current indigenous inhabitants of the jungle who bear the same name.
		The government's decision is motivated by lawsuits filed by the Lacandons against the rest of the communities that have settled within what the Lacandons consider "their" territory.
		It is important to see the Lacandon Jungle as not only a natural space to be protected, but also as a refuge that for decades has housed migrating indigenous communities searching for land or, in more recent years, fleeing from violent paramilitary groups operating in other parts of Chiapas.
	www.sipaz.org /documentos/mazules/mazules_eng.htm (2840 words)

	Hidalgo the Lacandon
		Probably the man holds a bow and some arrows, for this picture is of a Lacandon Indian, an inhabitant of the Selva Lacandón, or Lacandon Jungle, of the lowlands of northeastern Chiapas.
		Lacandons are considered to be the most "primitive" of all of Mexico's indigenous peoples.
		Present-day Lacandons are descendants of the ancient Maya who a thousand years ago built a great civilization, the hallmarks of which are the pyramids and temples that today can be seen at the ruins of Palenque and Bonampak here in Chiapas, Chichén Itzá and Uxmal in Yucatán, and Tikal and El Mirador in Guatemala.
	www.mexicanmercados.com /yb/36hidalg.htm (874 words)

	The Lacandon Jungle's Last Stand Against Corporate Globalization
		Chiapas' Lacandon jungle could be considered a microcosm of natural resource exploitation and human rights violations.
		Though PEMEX has roundly denied the extraordinary quantity of oil in the Lacandon, international and national researchers indicate the contrary.
		Other major rivers in the Lacandon are also set to be dammed under the Plan.
	www.globalexchange.org /countries/americas/mexico/biodiversity/436.html (2062 words)

	Sierra del Lacandon - project overview - archaeology
		What we lack is an understanding of the structures that bound together all levels of society during the Classic Period.
		The Sierra del Lacandon Regional Archaeology Project includes Guatemalan and American experts in archaeology, remote sensing, agronomy, and geography.
		Yet, nearly twenty monuments now in private and museum collections in Guatemala, North America and Europe are believed to originate from the region of the Sierra del Lacandon.
	www.sierralacandon.org /po-archaeology.html (692 words)

	University Press of Florida: Unconquered Lacandon Maya
		Over subsequent decades, these Lacandon Maya were assumed to be the direct descendants of the Classic Maya, who created the spectacular temples and monumental art of the region.
		The Lacandon are unique among the Maya of Mesoamerica because they remained free while others were conquered; the Lacandon Maya were the only Maya people never completely colonized by Spain, which led to specific cultural adaptations to contact.
		Palka's study is a fine and significant contribution to the story of the Lacandon Maya and is of interest to archaeologists, ethnohistorians, and anthropologists of the Maya and Mesoamerica as a whole.
	www.upf.com /book.asp?id=PALKAS05 (338 words)

	Barry F. Carlson and Suzanne Cook (University of Victoria), Lacandon Text Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Lacandon is currently spoken by a dwindling population of Mayas.
		As technology advances and the remaining story-tellers grow older and fewer, the state of the Lacandon traditional culture, rich with pre-Columbian verbal art, is in increasing jeopardy.
		Given the imminent extinction of the Lacandon culture in Middle America, work needs to be done to document the oral performances, for the sake of their preservation and for future linguistic analyses.
	sapir.ling.yale.edu /~elf/Carlson.html (246 words)

	LACANDON INDIANS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Lacandon children sit around a fire in the village of Naja.
		One of the Lacandon's evangelical pastors works his field.
		In this manner they have coexisted in the rainforest, but the Tzeltal Indians who have invaded land surrounding the Lacandon communities slash, burn and plant corn.
	www.eco.utexas.edu /~hmcleave/lacandon2.html (109 words)

	Unintended enemies: save a rainforest, start a revolution - conflicts over rainforest protection in Mexico Sierra - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Now their vision of the Lacandon's future is on a collision course with the world environmental community's design for that shrinking lowland tropical wilderness.
		The devastation began in earnest with the 1961 Mexican government designation of the Lacandon as the nation's southern "Agrarian Frontier," a reserve of land that acted as a safety valve for the frustrations of thousands of landless Indian farmers.
		The population of the Lacandon boomed from 12,000 to nearly 300,000.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1525/is_n4_v79/ai_15518164 (872 words)

	The Nature Conservancy in Guatemala - Protecting 77,000 acres in the Sierra Del Lacandon National Park of Guatemala
		Two major pieces of privately owned land in the Sierra Del Lacandon National Park were just purchased by the Conservancy and a local partner.
		The Lacandon National Park in the Maya Forest is home to several endangered species such as puma, jaguar, tapir, anteater, howler monkey, ocelot, scarlet macaw and the Moreletti crocodile — which is unique to this region of Central America.
		The Lacandon Park encompasses large strands of broad leaf subtropical rainforest, unique geological formations, freshwater lakes, mountain ranges and low-lying savanna plains.
	www.nature.org /wherewework/centralamerica/guatemala/work/art18176.html (222 words)

	lacandon maya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Lacandon are located in the tropical regions of Mexico and Guatemala, between the Usumacinta River and the Perlas and Lacantún rivers.The tropical rain forests well extends itself into the states of the Yucatan, Chiapas, Tabasco, Oaxaca, Veracruz and Puebla.
		Since the Lacandon region is a tropical rain forest the climate is warm and very humid.
		Lacandon Rain Forest Region provides information on the location of Lacandon.
	www.csulb.edu /~bmendez2/index.html (423 words)

	Narco News: Wagers and Risks in the Sixth Declaration of the Lacandon Jungle
		The Sixth Declaration of the Lacandon Jungle reaffirms the central proposals of the political position they have held throughout the last eleven years.
		These are: the defense of memory against oblivion, the construction of a new country against neoliberal destruction, and the exercise of new forms of politics against the dominant party model.
		In June 1998 the EZLN broke its silence with its Fifth Declaration of the Lacandon Jungle.
	www.narconews.com /Issue38/article1386.html (1825 words)

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