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Topic: Lactone

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	Lactone im Wein-Plus Glossar
		Lactone spielen unter den flüchtigen Stoffen des Weines eine sehr wichtige Rolle, besonders die g-Lactone.
		Lactone entstehen schon in den Trauben oder bei der Gärung, aber auch bei der Flaschen-Reifung, besonders bei Weinen mit Barrique-Ausbau mit Fässern aus Eichenholz.
		Eigene Anmerkung zu diesem Stichwort an den Autor senden
	www.wein-plus.de /glossar/Lactone.htm (258 words)

	397. Glucono-delta-lactone (WHO Food Additives Series 6)
		BIOLOGICAL DATA BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS Glucono-delta-lactone, in an aqueous medium, readily forms an equilibrium mixture of the lactone and gluconic acid.
		When three men were given 10 g (167 mg/kg) of glucono-delta- lactone orally as a 10% solution, the amounts recovered in the urine in seven hours represented 7.7-15% of the dose.
		Short-term studies Rat Groups of 20 male and 20 female rats were fed gluconic acid (as glucono-delta-lactone) for 26 weeks at levels of 0 and 10 000 ppm in the diet without ill-effects or demonstrable changes in the main organs on microscopic examination (Harper & Gaunt, 1962).
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v06je44.htm (1137 words)

	EPA: Maple lactone (004049) Fact Sheet
		Maple lactone is used in a cockroach attractant trap placed in dark or humid indoor areas where cockroaches are usually found.
		Application methods: Maple lactone is prepared in tablet form for use inside a trap to attract cockroaches.
		Based on reviews of the available toxicology data and other information related to maple lactone, EPA finds that this active ingredient is not likely to produce adverse health effects in humans.
	www.epa.gov /pesticides/biopesticides/ingredients/factsheets/factsheet_004049.htm (486 words)

	Erasmus MC - Interne Oncologie - Thesis Loos
		lactone plus carboxylate, are to be measured, this direct blood processing is crucial, since the lactone form is able to diffuse across the cell membranes of red blood cells, and thus a change in the lactone to carboxylate ratio has an effect on the total drug concentrations in the plasma compartment.
		In addition, the lactone to total plasma concentration ratio, in in vitro experiments, was significantly higher in blood of female volunteers as compared to male volunteers, with significantly higher topotecan lactone concentrations in the plasma compartment of the blood samples of the female volunteers.
		Since the lactone form is the pharmacological active form of these compounds, and the equilibrium between the lactone and carboxylate forms in plasma of the camptothecins differs from derivative to derivative and from species to species, the analysis of the lactone form is of great importance for pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships.
	www.erasmusmc.nl /interne_oncologie/res/thesis/loos.htm (2844 words)

	Lactone chain-extended phenolic polyester polyols - Patent 6291077
		According to the present invention, lactone chain-extended polyester polyols ("star polymers") are produced from phenolic based hydroxyl compounds and exhibit a unique and improved combination of hard and soft functionalities, which translates into materials exhibiting a unique and improved combination of toughness and hardness.
		The lactone chain-extended phenolic polyester polyols of the present invention provide a unique combination of hard and soft functionalities, thereby enabling materials to be produced using the polyols which have a unique combination of toughness and hardness.
		The reaction between the phenolic-based hydroxyl compound and the lactone, the alkylene oxide, or the alkylene carbonate, occurs at the phenolic hydroxyls and usually is conducted in the presence of a catalyst.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6291077.html (4933 words)

	DIFFERENTIAL RATES OF GLUCURONIDATION FOR 7-ETHYL-10-HYDROXY-CAMPTOTHECIN (SN-38) LACTONE AND CARBOXYLATE IN HUMAN AND ...
		SN-38 lactone administered by intravenous bolus to rats was
		To summarize, SN-38 lactone and carboxylate are glucuronidated
		Rivory LP, Chatelut E, Canal P, Mathieu-Boue A, and Robert J (1994) Kinetics of the in vivo interconversion of the carboxylate and lactone forms of irinotecan (CPT-11) and of its metabolite SN-38 in patients.
	dmd.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/33/7/977 (4169 words)

	Process for bicyclic lactone dials
		Process for preparing bicyclic lactone diols of the formula ##STR1## wherein W is 1-pentyl, cis 1-pent-2-enyl, or 1-pent-2-ynyl by way of a cyclic ortho ester; and the intermediates prepared therein.
		Thus there is provided a process for preparing an optically active bicyclic lactone diol of the formula ##STR9## or a racemic compound of that formula and the mirror image thereof, wherein W is 1-pentyl, cis 1-pent-2-enyl, or 1-pent-2-ynyl, and.about.
		Alternatively the mixed isomeric glycols IV are transformed to the diformate of bicyclic lactone diol III in 100% formic acid and thence to diol III, e.g.
	www.skk-banjaluckapivara.com /invent/rotary_printing_presses/process_bicyclic_lactone_dials.html (4335 words)

	Nutrition Toxicology Sesquiterpene Lactones
		Because sesquiterpene lactones are responsible for the toxicity of several livestock poisons it is useful to focus on their effects on mammals such as cattle, sheep and horses that are most commonly exposed to sesquiterpene lactone poisoning.
		Sesquiterpene lactones (SQL) are a class of naturally occurring plant terpenoids that are formed from "head-total condensation of three isoprene units and subsequent cyclization and oxidative transformation to produce a cis or trans-fused lactone.
		The toxicity of sesquiterpene lactones is due to binding of the exocyclic methylene group with tissue constituents, such as sulphydril groups and other nucleophilic components.
	www.ansci.cornell.edu /plants/toxicagents/sesqlactone/sesqlactone.html (613 words)

	Exogenous Supply of Pantoyl Lactone to Excised Leaves Increases their Pantothenate Levels -- RATHINASABAPATHI and RAMAN ...
		exogenous supply of ß-alanine, pantoyl lactone and valine for 24 h on the levels of pantothenate in excised leaves of L. latifolium, tomato, bean and grapefruit
		Purification and characterization of oxopantoyl lactone reductase from higher plants: role in pantothenate synthesis.
		Characterization and sequence of the Escherichia coli panBCD gene cluster.
	aob.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/95/6/1033 (1770 words)

	Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Monoterpene {varepsilon}-Lactone Hydrolase from Rhodococcus ...
		Lactones, internal cyclic monoesters, are ubiquitous in nature and have been identified in all major classes of foods, including
		of lactones to the corresponding hydroxy acids (Fig.
		All lactones were analyzed by chiral GC on a fused silica cyclodextrin capillary column (
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/67/2/733 (3817 words)

	Ligand-Macromolecule Complexes
		Successful inhibition of TopoI by camptothecins is known from structure-activity studies to require an intact lactone ring (ring E) functionality.
		Unfortunately, this lactone moiety is subject to hydrolysis under physiological conditions (i.e., at pH 7 and above) with each camptothecin agent existing in equilibria with its corresponding ring-opened carboxylate form.
		The DNA-associated drugs are likely to be in their active lactone forms and ready for the subsequent drug-DNA-enzyme complex formation.
	www.mc.uky.edu /Biochemistry/dept_personnel/faculty/Spielmann/ligand.html (1129 words)

	GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONE (4-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID GAMMA-LACTONE)
		Gamma-Butyrolactone is an intermediate for the manufacture of butyric acid compounds and pyrrolidones used as a plasticizer, solvent for polymers, nylon precursor and in insecticides.
		Lactone is an internal cyclic monoester (anhydride) derived from the hydroxyl and carboxyl radicals of gamma or delta hydroxy acids by the removal of a H
		Lactam (a cyclic amide) is the nitrogen analog of lactone.
	www.chemicalland21.com /lifescience/agro/GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONE.htm (258 words)

	Method of producing gamma-hydroxydecanoic acid or its lactone by feeding a ricinoleic acid source to sp. odorus or rh. ...
		The method according to claim 6 wherein the lactonisation is achieved by adjusting the pH to acid and the temperature from about 15.degree.
		The lactonisation is preferably performed by application of heat at an appropirate pH usually by adjusting the hydroxy acid environment to a pH in the range from about 1 to about 7 at a temperature of about 15.degree.
		One optional process feature is the extraction of the gamma-hydroxydecanoic acid or lactone by a suitable absorbent, for example a non-polar resin, for example Amberlite XAD resins obtainable from BDH of Poole, Dorset, or solvent e.g.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5219742.html (2514 words)

	Use of Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Components to Regulate Gene Expression in Plants1[W] - Health - RedOrbit
		In A. tumefaciens, the inducer is 3-oxooctanyl-L-homoserine lactone (OOHL) synthesized by Tral, and the receptor/regulator is TraR (Hwang et al., 1994).
		The specificity of the inducer is determined by its lactone ring and the number of carbon fatty acid chains (Fuqua and Winans, 1996; Zhu et al, 1998).
		All lactone inducers found in Gram-negative bacteria contain a HSL moiety and a fatty acid acyl group, the latter showing variation in length, saturation chains, and oxidation states (Zhu et al., 1998).
	www.redorbit.com /news/health/474565/use_of_bacterial_quorumsensing_components_to_regulate_gene_expression_in/index.html?source=r_health (5581 words)

	DALM: Lactone Forms Play Important Role in Drug-Drug Interactions of Statin Agents
		Thus, although the statins can be administered as either prodrugs or in their active forms, the definition of glucuronidation as a novel metabolic route for statin clearance indicates the need to better understand the balance of the various metabolic pathways of the agents.
		In particular, it was the rosuvastatin lactone that was specifically able to inhibit the metabolic activities of CYP3A4 (as paclitaxel 3-hydroxylation), CYP2C8 (as paclitaxel 6-alpha-hydroxylation), and CYP2C9 (as tolbutamide 4-hydroxylation).
		Thus, this study demonstrates that the CYP-mediated metabolism of lactones can be a common metabolic pathway for statin mechanism of action, and the CYP3A4-mediated metabolic properties of the lactone forms of these agents will clearly need to be considered when assessing the mechanistic aspects of drug-drug interactions of these agents.
	www.docguide.com /dg.nsf/PrintPrint/88A09777DAD1D29085256F3B004FF18B (534 words)

	Toxic effects of a lactone-containing fraction of Cyrtocymura cincta (Asteraceae) on Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Two sesquiterpene lactones were isolated from the surface of leaves and flowers, that were also found in the lactone fraction of a chloroform extract of ground air-dried flowers and leaves.
		Larval feeding behaviour was not altered, but a concentration of 250 ppm of the lactone mixture in the diet lowered the percentage of adult emergence and produced malformations in adults compared with controls.
		The most drastic effects were observed in the oviposition capacity and viability of eggs laid by females which fed on treated diets as larvae.
	www.trophort.com /information/data/B01/S41/BAR99TOX1361180.html (220 words)

	PMP Fermentation Products, Inc. - Products - Gluconic Acid (Site not responding. Last check: )
		PMP Gluconic Acid 50%, Technical is a 50% (w/w) aqueous solution of hydroxy carboxylic acid, which is composed of an equilibrium mixture of gluconic acid and the gamma and delta lactones.
		The equilibrium between the free acid and the two lactones is affected by the mixture's concentration and temperature.
		Concentrated solutions of gluconic acid contain some lactone (GdL), the neutral cyclic ester, which is less soluble in the cold and possesses no actual acid properties.
	www.pmpinc.com /products/GluconicAcid.asp (377 words)

	Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As a more recent extension of the lactone methodology, configurationally stable biaryl lactones such as the highly distorted, tert-butyl substituted, 6-membered lactone (see Figure 8, right box) or its 7-membered analog (see Figure 8, left box) are likewise excellent substrates for atroposelective cleavage reactions, now through a 'normal', i.e.
		The respective residual lactone enantiomers displays extremely high enantiomeric purities, they can be reduced to the corresponding diol or alcohol just by lithium aluminum hydride - or they can be racemized thermally and can then again be submitted to the kinetic deracemization - likewise a very efficient technique of stereoselective biaryl synthesis [6].
		Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryls by Atropo-Diastereoselective Cleavage of Configurationally Unstable Biaryl Lactones with Menthol-Derived O-Nucleophiles;
	www-organik.chemie.uni-wuerzburg.de /~ak_bringmann/research-lactone.html (1374 words)

	Multiple N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone autoinducers of luminescence in the marine symbiotic bacterium Vibrio fischeri. -- ...
		Multiple N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone autoinducers of luminescence in the marine symbiotic bacterium Vibrio fischeri.
		lactone, was produced by V. fischeri cells in a regulated, population
		Molina, L., Rezzonico, F., Defago, G., Duffy, B. Autoinduction in Erwinia amylovora: Evidence of an Acyl-Homoserine Lactone Signal in the Fire Blight Pathogen.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/176/24/7558 (670 words)

	Multispecific Organic Anion Transporter Is Responsible for the Biliary Excretion of the Camptothecin Derivative ...
		was not the case for the lactone forms (tables 1, 2 and 3).
		ATP-dependent uptake of the lactone and carboxylate forms of CPT-11 and its metabolites by CMV obtained from SD rats.
		Rivory, L. and Robert, J.: Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous quantitation of the carboxylate and lactone forms of the camptothecin derivative irinotecan, CPT-11, and its metabolites SN-38 in plasma.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/281/1/304 (7144 words)

	Specificity and Enzyme Kinetics of the Quorum-quenching N-Acyl Homoserine Lactone Lactonase (AHL-lactonase) -- Wang et ...
		The molecular structure and catalytic mechanism of a quorum-quenching N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone hydrolase
		Three-dimensional structure of the quorum-quenching N-acyl homoserine lactone hydrolase from Bacillus thuringiensis
		Identification of Extracellular N-Acylhomoserine Lactone Acylase from a Streptomyces sp.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/279/14/13645 (550 words)

	Lactone modified mono-or dicarboxylic acid based adduct dispersant compositions (US4906394)
		The resulting adduct material are useful per se, as oil soluble dispersant additives, and are useful in fuel and lubricating oil compositions including concentrates containing the additives.
		lactone adduct material useful as an oil additive formed by reacting an aliphatic hydrocarbyl saturated or unsaturated, natural or synthetic, straight chain or branched chain monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic acylating agent heaving from about 1 to about 165 total carbon atoms with the reaction product of a C
		Molybdenum complexes of lactone oxazoline dispersants as friction reducing antiwear additives for lubricating oils
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US04906394__ (536 words)

	References about Ribose, Arabinose, Ribonolactone and related sugars, Part I
		Eine Mischung aus D-Arabonolacton and D-Ribonolacon wird mit Benzaldehyd and Mineralsäuren behandelt and das resultierende 3,4-O-Benzyliden-1,5-lacton hydrolisiert, welches, wenn notwendig, in das Lacton umgewandelt werden kann.
		Lactonisation is occuring when the solution is left at r.t.
		The exocyclic, CH OH groups in these lactones generally favor the gauche-gauche disposition around the C-4-C-5 bond, except for D-lyxono-1,4-lactone, which favors the trans-gauche arrangement.
	userpage.chemie.fu-berlin.de /~steven/interests/ribonolactone-I.html (9207 words)

	Thio-bis alkyl lactone acids and esters thereof (US4221720) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Lactone oxazoline reaction products of hydrocarbon substituted lactone carboxylic acids, for example, polybutyl lactone carboxylic acid, with 2,2-disubstituted-2-amino-1-alkanols, such as tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM), and their derivatives are useful aditives in oleaginous compositions, such as sludge dispersants for lubricating oil, or anti-rust agents for gasoline.
		Thio-bis alkyl lactone acid material selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid and C
		Cl wherein x is 1 to 4, at a temperature of from -20° C. to 100° C. and evolving HCl in an acid environment to thereby form said thio-bis lactone acid material.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn10=US04221720 (303 words)

	Homocamptothecin, an E-Ring Modified Camptothecin with Enhanced Lactone Stability, Retains Topoisomerase I-targeted ...
		Homocamptothecin, an E-Ring Modified Camptothecin with Enhanced Lactone Stability, Retains Topoisomerase I-targeted Activity andAntitumor Properties -- Lesueur-Ginot et al.
		a homologation, this new lactone ring-modified compound is a
		Hertzberg R. P., Caranfa M. J., Holden K. G., Jakas D. R., Gallagher G., Mattern M. R., Mong S. M., Bartus J. O., Johnson R. K., Kingsbury W. Modification of the hydroxy lactone ring of camptothecin: inhibition of mammalian topoisomerase I and biological activity.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/59/12/2939 (4477 words)

	Class Schedule for Class 549 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS -- PART OF THE CLASS 532-570 SERIES
		Lactones (i.e., -C(=X)O-, wherein X is chalcogen, is part of the hetero ring)
		Two of the cyclos share at least three ring members or ring carbon is shared by the three cyclos (e.g., bridged or peri compounds, etc.)
		Benzene ring and the lactone ring bonded directly to the same acyclic carbon
	www.uspto.gov /go/classification/uspc549/sched549.htm (1711 words)

	Erowid GHB Vault : gamma-Butyrlactone (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The FDA issued a warning about Lactone on January 21, 1999 which asks manufacturers to voluntarily recall their lactone containing products.
		Our reading of this suggests that it is still legal to possess lactone federally, but it is becoming less clear whether it is legal to sell lactone for human consumption.
		We don't know of anywhere that has yet specifically scheduled or restricted lactone, but the DEA is currently 'watching' suppliers of the chemical.
	www.erowid.org /chemicals/ghb/gbl_info1.shtml (258 words)

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