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Topic: Ladoga Karelia

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	Karelia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Karelia streches from the White Sea coast to the Gulf of Finland.
		Tver Karelia denotes the villages in the Tver Oblast that are inhabited by Karelians.
		The dialect spoken mainly in South Karelia is one of the southeastern dialects of Finnish.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ladoga_Karelia (829 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Karelia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Karelia is the land of the Karelian people, that inhabitated vast areas in Northern Europe, of historical significance for Finland, Russia and Sweden.
		Karelia was bitterly fought over by Sweden and Novgorod Republic in the 13th century.
		In the 1940s, most of Finnish Karelia was first ceded to the Soviet Union in the Peace of Moscow that followed the Winter War (1939–1940), then re-conquered for three years during the Continuation War 1941–1944 when also East Karelia was occupied by the Finns.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Karelia (810 words)

	Finnish Karelia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Most of Finnish Karelia was ceded by Finland to the Soviet Union in 1940, after the Winter War, and today is divided between the Russian autonomous Republic of Karelia and the Russian Leningrad Oblast.
		Western Karelia, as an historical Province of Sweden, was religiously and politically distinct from the eastern parts that were under the Russian Orthodox Church.
		The traditional culture of "Ladoga-Karelia", or Finnish Karelia according to the pre-Winter War borders, was by and large similar to that of Eastern Karelia, or Russian Karelia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Finnish_Karelia (774 words)

	Welcome to Karelia - Petrovan Tour
		The population of Karelia is 700 000 inhabitants.
		In the west Karelia borders on Finland, in the south on Leningradskaya and Vologodskaya regions, in the north on Murmanskaya and in the east on Arkhangelskaya regions.
		Karelia is one of the most well-known russian territories in international tourism, for it has a lot of unique architectural, cultural and historical objects on Kizhi and Valaam islands and on Solovetskie Islands, situated not far from the administrative borders of Karelia and included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
	petrovan-tour.com (721 words)

	History of Karelia and Helulia village
		The Ladoga lake, connected with the Finnish gulf by the Neva river, gave access to settlements of Karelia, to the Onega lake and to the Novgorod land.
		And, indeed, the church on the Riekkala island in Sortavala was one of the oldest churches in the Ladoga area, and the oldest chappel in the Kurkiyoki area was in the Riekkala gulf.
		Ladoga area was conquered by the whites and Vyborg became the headquarters for the reds.
	helyla.onego.ru /history_eng.html (6326 words)

	Many Karelias — Virtual Finland
		The loss of Karelia to the Soviet Union marked the end of over a thousand years of Finnish settlement in the area, as the inhabitants of the ceded areas — approximately 407,000 souls — were evacuated further west during the fighting in the Winter War.
		The predominantly agricultural and forestry-based economy of North Karelia went through dramatic restructuring in the 1960s and 1970s in particular, and the region suffered a considerable drain of population to the urban centres in the south of the country and across the Gulf of Bothnia in Sweden.
		Karelian settlement in pre-revolutionary Russian Karelia was divided between the provinces of Archangel in the north and Olonets in the south.
	virtual.finland.fi /netcomm/news/showarticle.asp?intNWSAID=25907 (3290 words)

	AllRefer.com - Karelia (CIS And Baltic Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		A glaciated plateau, Karelia is covered by over 60,000 lakes and by coniferous forests; fishing and lumbering are major industries.
		Karelia, properly speaking the region N and E of Lake Onega, was conquered in the 12th–13th cent.
		Karelia reverted to the status of an autonomous republic in 1956.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/K/Karelia.html (550 words)

	POPULAR ORTHODOXY, OFFICIAL CHURCH AND STATE IN FINNISH BORDER
		The culture generally known as Karelian emerged at the end of the first millennium AD on the western and the north-western coast of Lake Ladoga and was at its peak at the time of the crusades in 1100-1300.
		Witch trials were conducted in Karelia, too, but the court did not pass death sentences, while such fate may have befallen on suspect accused of witchcraft in Ingria.
		Karelia in this context covers Ladoga-Karelia, Aunus and the western and southern coast of the White Sea.
	www.folklore.ee /folklore/vol14/karelia.htm (7785 words)

	Continuation War
		Before World War II Although East Karelia has never been part of Finland, a majority of its inhabitants were Finnic people; and cultural ties, trade, and cross-border marriages were common before World War I and Finnish independence.
		Public opinion in Finland longed for the re-acquisition of Finnish Karelia, and put their hope in the peace conference that was assumed to would follow the World War.
		Between the Army of Karelia and Gulf of Finland there were three Finnish corps: II Corps (2.D, 15.D and 18.D) north of river Vuoksi, V Corps (10.D) and IV Corps (4.D, 12.D and 8.D) defending the coast.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/c/co/continuation_war.html (10789 words)

	THOUSAND-YEAR SORTAVALA
		Sortavala is the central town of Ladoga Karelia, historical and border area, belonging in different times to Sweden, Finland and Russia.
		The town of Sortavala in the Finnish period of its history (till 1939) was a cultural and tourist centre of Ladoga Karelia.
		Karelia's historic landscapes are subject to loss and change through inappropriate uses, insensitive development and even vandalism.
	www.sortavala.ru /portal/found_eng.html (1193 words)

	Ladoga, Lake - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Until the Finnish-Russian War of 1939-40, the northern part of the lake belonged to Finland; cession of the Finnish shore to the USSR was confirmed by the peace treaty of 1947.
		During the defense of St. Petersburg (then Leningrad) against the Germans in World War II, the frozen Lake Ladoga was the lifeline by which Leningrad was supplied in the winters from 1941 to 1943.
		Because of the difficulties of navigation, the southern shore of Lake Ladoga is paralleled by the Ladoga Canals, c.100 mi (160 km) long, connecting the Svir and Neva rivers and forming part of the Mariinsk System (see Volga-Baltic Waterway) and the Baltic-White Sea Canal System.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-ladoga-l1.html (439 words)

	Continuation War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At Ladoga Karelia there was the 7th Army consisting of 4 Infantry divisions.
		The Army of Karelia consisted of VI Corps (5th and 11th Divisions), VII Corps (7th and 9th divisions) and Group O (Cavalry Brigade, 1st Jaeger Brigade and 2nd Jaeger Brigade).
		Between the Army of Karelia and Gulf of Finland there were three Finnish corps: II Corps (2.D, 15.D and 18.D) north of the Vuoksi River, V Corps (10.D) and IV Corps (4.D, 12.D and 8.D) defending the coast.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Continuation_war (11746 words)

	Lake Ladoga - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Ladoga, Lake (Russian Ladozhskoye Ozero), lake, northwestern Russia, near Saint Petersburg, the largest lake in Europe.
		Lakes occur both in mountainous areas, such as in Switzerland, Italy, and Austria, and in plains regions, such as in Sweden, Poland, and Finland....
		Karelia's principal industries are lumbering, woodworking, mining, machine building, metalworking, and the manufacture of building materials.
	encarta.msn.com /Lake_Ladoga.html (97 words)

	Mauri Rastas: "History of Karelia"
		East Karelia is the area east from the Finnish eastern border (green area in the map), which has been a completely separate part of Karelia since the treaty of 1617, as it is fully Orthodox.
		The period of prosperity of Ancient, un-devided Karelia began in 10th century, was culminated in 1100-1200 and declined at the beginning of 14th century.
		Karelia was too weak to resist this new mighty god, meaning a beginning of the nation's rupture.
	www.kolumbus.fi /rastas/eng_carel.html (2858 words)

	European Forest Institute - Forest Information Services Network for Europe
		Already now Karelia is one of the most famous Russian territories for international tourism thanks to the unique culture objects on the islands of Kizhi, Valaam and Solovetsky, included into the UNESCO list of world heritage monuments, the list of national Russian heritage and comprising the pasteboard of Karelia in international tourism.
		Karelia is the birthplace of the Finnish-Karelian epic poem "Kalevala"- the world famous literature monument, the birthplace of runa-singers and storytellers.
		Between Petrozavodsk and Martial Waters in the pine forest on the shore of the picturesque Lake Ukshezero in the village Shuiskaya Chupa summer residence of the President of Russia is situated.
	www.efi.fi /fine/Russia/rep_of_karelia/recreation_e.html (981 words)

	HUNMAGYAR.ORG - TURAN - KARELIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In the Scandinavian sources the name Karelia has occurred since the 8th century; the Karelians were first mentioned in the Russian sources in 1143.
		In the national Republic of Karelia the ratio of Karelians who can speak their native language is 51.5%.
		The assimilation of the language is most extensive in the cities of Karelia, because there the communication between the generations in Karelian is almost non-existent.
	www.hunmagyar.org /turan/karelia/karelia.html (916 words)

	Karelia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Karelia is a wonderful country of blue lakes, waterfalls, hillocks and barren rock.
		Karelia is a unique museum of peasant culture, where epical poetry and traditional ceremony are cherished.
		Visitors are also interested in the national parks in Paanajarvi and Vodlozero, as well as, the preserve for the Karelian birch, Kivach waterfall and the healing spring with its iron bearing water.
	karelia.in-russia.com (452 words)

	Fire and Ice: History
		The first main attack was in the area of Hiitola and the aim was to cut off supply and communication between the Soviet forces in the area of Ladoga.
		For the most part, the fighting above Lake Ladoga was going well for the Finns, but the same could not be said for the German forces.
		Still, the Finns had met their goals in the region and the areas of Karelia that had been lost to the Soviets in the Winter War had been retaken (but for Hanko).
	www.wfyi.org /fireandice/history/continuation41.htm (1763 words)

	War: Finland: WW2, World War II, Continuation, 1941: Antti's Karelia photo Gallery - Laatokka - Lake Ladoga, sota, kuvia
		They wanted to settle down and make a home in Karelia, but one winter's day in 1939, strangers from a land not so far away came to take their land and dreams away.
		Securing the islands on lake Laatokka (Ladoga), Europe's largest lake, continued into the fall of 1941 and was the job of the Laatokka Defence forces and the Laatokka Navy.
		They were used to remove the Red army from Ladoga, the ancient Karelian people's lake, the eastern half of which was ceded to Russia in 16th and 17th century wars.
	peacecountry0.tripod.com /joronen.htm (1686 words)

	Finnish Orthodox Church — Virtual Finland
		The founding of monasteries on the islands of Lake Ladoga contributed significantly to the spreading and establishment of the Orthodox faith in eastern Finland.
		The western parts of Karelia were taken over by Sweden in the wars between Sweden and Russia in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.
		The Bishop of Karelia is assisted by a suffragan bishop known as the Bishop of Joensuu.
	virtual.finland.fi /netcomm/news/showarticle.asp?intNWSAID=25813 (1937 words)

	Continuation War - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		Official Finland raised the question of East Karelia several times in the League of Nations, demanding a similar referendum for the future of the region as had been arranged in Saarland, Silesia and Schleswig.
		Public opinion in Finland longed for the re-acquisition of the homes of the 12% of Finland's population who had been forced to leave Finnish Karelia in haste, and put their hope to the peace conference that was generally assumed to come to follow the World War.
		At Ladoga Karelia the was 7th Army consisting 4 Infantry divisions.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=7712 (10539 words)

	TED Case Study: Lake Ladoga Water Quality
		Lake Ladoga is the largest freshwater lake in Europe and the primary source of drinking water for St. Petersburg, Russia, and the autonomous republic of Karelia.
		Lake Ladoga, the largest freshwater lake in Europe and the primary source for drinking and industrial water for St. Petersburg and the autonomous republic of Karelia, is located outside St. Petersburg.
		Ironically, one Soviet-era author asserted that Lake Ladoga now is in the throes of an "industrial blockade" which threatens the life of the lake as the Nazi siege threatened the lives of the Leningrad population (Tsybulskiy, 1990).
	www.american.edu /projects/mandala/TED/lagoda.htm (4637 words)

	[No title]
		The main forces were located on the Isthmus, and the Lake Ladoga Karelia.
		North of Lake Ladoga in Kittilä the siege broke through and the Kollaa frontier widened to the flanks.
		Finland had to cede the Isthmus of Karelia, the Lake Ladoga Karelia, parts of Salla, Kuusamo and Petsamo to the Soviet Union, and also to let out the Hankoniemi Peninsula.
	www.raatteenportti.fi /historyeng.html (1405 words)

	Search Results for "Karelia"
		269,500), capital of Karelia, NW European Russia, a port on Lake Onega.
		Vygozero, lake, c.300 sq mi (780 sq km), NW European Russia, in Karelia, between Lake Onega and the White Sea.
		Onezhskoye Ozero, lake, c.3,800 sq mi (9,800 sq km), NW European Russia, in Karelia, between Lake Ladoga and the White Sea.
	bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Karelia (260 words)

	Finland History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Savonia and Karelia adopted Christianity at the end of the 13th century which coincides with the crusade conducted by Torkel Knutsson in 1293.
		During this time a number of attacks were made from Swedish Karelia into Ingria and Ladoga Karelia.
		In retrospect the possession and loss of the south-easternmost part of the country, containing the important commercial and cultural center of Karelia and the city of Viipuri/Wyborg, has been deemed most significant for the Finnish nation.
	www.glebbeek-internet.com /engels/history.htm (3701 words)

	The Finnish Winter War
		The Karelian isthmus which lies north of St. Petersburg (Leningrad) and surrounds Lake Ladoga occupies a position not unlike the Holy Land in the Middle East.
		The main and final attack of the war began on February 6, 1940, along a five-mile front in Western Karelia with three divisions supported by 150 tanks and 200 airplanes.
		Under the treaty, Russia received Finland's second largest city, Viipuri, the port of Petsamo on the Arctic Ocean, the Hanko area, all of Lake Ladoga’s shores and the entire Karelian Isthmus, the home of 12 per cent of Finland's population.
	www.kaiku.com /winterwar.html (2789 words)

	Fire and Ice: History
		After the Red Army push into Finland over Lake Ladoga the Finns first tried to delay the Soviets arrival in Kitilä which was located to the east of the main Finnish lines.
		The Finns did however discover that if these mottis were not attacked in many cases the Soviets just stayed in place, so these Red Army forces were removed from the battle.
		The 168th was also aided in that while they could not get out of their positions they could be supplied by air or by sleds over the frozen Lake Ladoga.
	www.wfyi.org /fireandice/history/battles_2.htm (2511 words)

	Karelia - 1939 - Karjala (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Map of annexed South Karelia and Lake Laatokka (Ladoga) where Antti Joronen served during the Continuation War (1941 -1944) WW2 between Finland and Russia (and its Allies).
		The location of Rahmasaari battle in which Antti participated, is marked with a square, just north of Käkisalmi.
		World opinion is that Karelia should never have been handed over to the Soviet Union and it should be given back.
	www.geocities.com /ojoronen/LKARJALA.HTM (173 words)

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