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Topic: Laetrile

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	The Rise and Fall of Laetrile
		Benjamin Wilson, M.D. Laetrile is the trade name for laevo-mandelonitrile-beta-glucuronoside, a substance allegedly synthesized by Ernst T. Krebs, Jr., and registered with the U.S. Patent Office for the treatment of "disorders of intestinal fermentation." This compound is chemically related to amygdalin, a substance found naturally in the pits of apricots and various other fruits.
		After enforcement agencies began trying to ban Laetrile as a drug, the Krebs claimed that amygdalin is a vitamin ("B17") and that cancer is caused by a deficiency of this vitamin.
		Since Laetrile proponents were unable to agree on the formula or testing protocol for Laetrile, NCI decided to use a preparation that corresponded to the substance distributed by the major Mexican supplier, American Biologics.
	www.quackwatch.org /01QuackeryRelatedTopics/Cancer/laetrile.html (6647 words)

	The medical profession has finally discovered laetrile.
		Laetrile (amygdalin) is a simple compound found most abundantly in the seeds of non-citrus fruits.
		Laetrile is composed of two molecules of glucose (sugar), one molecule of benzaldehyde (an analgesic) and one molecule of hydrocyanic acid (a cell-killing compound).
		Laetrile is broken down into its component parts as a result of the action of beta-glucosidase.
	www.second-opinions.co.uk /laetrile.html (840 words)

	Laetrile Therapy
		Laetrile (B-17) is a natural chemotherapeutic agent found in over 1,200 plants, particularly in the seeds of common fruits such as apricots, peaches, plums, and apples.
		In the absence of Rodhenase, the laetrile is activated liberating the cyanide radical inside the malignant cell causing its destruction.
		The usual metabolic approach to amygdalin (laetrile) therapy is to provide the patient with adequate nutritional support, with relatively nontoxic high doses of vitamins and minerals, and other active natural substances.
	www.1cure4cancer.com /controlcancer/information/laetrile.htm (3466 words)

	laetrile - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		laetrile, name given to the chemical amygdalin, a substance derived from an extract of the kernels of many fruits, notably apricots, bitter almonds, and peaches.
		The idea that laetrile might selectively destroy cancer cells was developed by Dr. Ernst T. Krebs, Sr., a German immigrant to the United States, in the 1920s and was later refined by his son Ernst T. Krebs, Jr., who used the name "vitamin B17" for amygdalin and the derivatives of amygdalin that he developed.
		(Cyanide is naturally produced in the intestines when laetrile is acted upon by intestinal bacteria.) This hypothesis and several refinements of it were proved to be untrue, as was the younger Krebs's later classification of the substance as a vitamin.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-laetrile.html (581 words)

	Olympus MIC-D: Chemical Crystal Movie Gallery - Laetrile
		It is a six-carbon benzaldehyde ring compound with a cyanide group and two attached glucose molecules with a molecular weight of 457.4 and incorporates 20 carbon, 27 hydrogen, 1 nitrogen, and 11 oxygen atoms per molecule.
		Laetrile is soluble in water and ethanol, but not in ether.
		A synthesized, less toxic form was patented by the Krebs father and son team in the 1950s in the United States as Laetrile, and it gained popularity as a cancer treatment in the 1970s.
	www.olympusmicro.com /micd/galleries/moviegallery/chemicalcrystals/laetrile/index.html (405 words)

	ACS :: Laetrile
		Laetrile is a compound produced from amygdalin, a naturally occurring substance found primarily in the kernels of apricots, peaches, and almonds.
		Laetrile is a purified form of amygdalin, a naturally occurring substance found mainly in the kernels of apricots, peaches, and almonds.
		Laetrile is commonly used in some hospitals and clinics in northern Mexico because it is difficult to get in the United States.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/ETO/content/ETO_5_3X_Laetrile.asp?sitearea=ETO (1208 words)

	Laetrile Alternative Cancer Treatment Comparison
		The pancreas produces laetrile to destroy trophoblast cells when they have gotten healing off to a good start or in the case of the embryo, when it is sufficiently attached.
		Laetrile can also be taken orally, however some bacteria in a person's intestines can cause small amounts of cyanide to be released.
		Oral laetrile is converted to cyanide in the intestines by bacteria.
	alternativecancer.us /laetrile.htm (2400 words)

	Laetrile/Amygdalin - National Cancer Institute
		Laetrile is given by mouth as a pill or by intravenous injection (see Question 4).
		Laetrile has shown little anticancer effect in laboratory studies, animal studies, or human studies (see Question 5 and Question 6).
		Laetrile is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (see Question 8).
	www.cancer.gov /cancertopics/pdq/cam/laetrile (0 words)

	b17, vitamin, laetrile, amydalin, australian, site, cancer, cure, nutrition, alternative health - Vitamin B17 and ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1962, Dr. John Morrone reported his results from using Laetrile with 10 patients suffering from "inoperable cancer." The treatments ranged from 4 to 43 weeks in length, and a range of 9 to 133 gms Laetrile was given through intravenous injections.
		In 1970 he co-authored a brief paper on Laetrile with Dean Burk, in which they stated that "...in the treatment of cancer, the active principle of nitrilosides is to be used mainly in prophylaxis [prevention] and early protective therapy....
		These are just some of the Laetrile animal studies yielding positive results, while they hardly prove Laetrile to be a "cure" for cancer (which scientific Laetrile proponents have never claimed it to be), they clearly evidence some anti-cancer effect.
	www.laetrile.com.au /copy.asp?sect=q2&page=drs (1517 words)

	Laetrile/Amygdalin at Fox Chase Cancer Center (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Laetrile gained popularity in the 1970s as a single anticancer agent and as part of a metabolic therapy program that included a special diet, high-dose vitamin supplements, and pancreatic enzymes (a group of proteins that aid in the digestion of food).
		Laetrile is commonly given intravenously over a period of time and then orally as maintenance therapy (treatment given to help extend the benefit of previous therapy).
		Laetrile compounds from Mexico, which is the primary supplier of laetrile, may vary in purity and contents.
	www.fccc.edu /pdq/English/Patients/LaetrileAmygdalin.html (2369 words)

	LAETRILE
		Laetrile, used for decades in the battle against cancer, is an extract of apricot kernel available in an easy-to-use cream
		Well-known as a cancer treatment, Laetrile has now been formulated into a cream, allowing it to be applied topically to prevent, as well as to treat, skin cancers.
		Whereas Laetrile tablets can cause serious complications if taken with certain foodstuffs – such as almonds, raw apricot kernels, raw vegetables and bean sprouts – the cream is able to bypass this stomach problem, offering itself as a safer regular alterative to the tablets.
	www.antiaging-systems.com /a2z/laetrile.htm (385 words)

	Laetrile, Amygdalin, Apricot Kernels, and Vitamin B17 - How they are used in Cancer Therapy and Prevention
		Since Laetrile is not considered an approved treatment for cancer in the United States, websites that sell it as a cure for cancer are being shut down.
		To read our opinion out why laetrile and other natural substances used in alternative-cancer therapies are not readily available in the U.S., go to our "why these natural therapies haven't been approved by the FDA" page.
		If you know of any other clinics that offer laetrile as part of their protocol, be sure to let us know.
	www.cancure.org /laetrile.htm (618 words)

	Genesis: The Laetrile/B17 Cover-up
		Two were women who had swallowed vials of Laetrile which were for injection only and one was an eleven month old baby girl, one of whose parents was taking the medicine for cancer.
		Other attempts to discredit Laetrile involved force-feeding large amounts of cyanide, extracted from amygdalin, directly into dogs' stomachs: in Laetrile therapy small doses are used and the cyanide component is released only by the cancer cell, in the presence of protective enzymes.
		Laetrile was not used, a Laetrile manufacture by-product was substituted.
	darrendixon.supanet.com /laetrile.htm (2112 words)

	Laetrile / Vitamin B17 Treatment For Cancer
		In order for a doctor to use laetrile supplements, they or their patient must "confess" to the FDA that the doctor is using laetrile in their practice.
		When the laetrile compound molecule comes across a cancer cell, it is broken down into 2 molecules of glucose, 1 molecule of hydrogen cyanide and 1 molecule of benzaldehyde.
		In the early days of laetrile research it was assumed that the hydrogen cyanide molecule was the major cancer cell killing molecule, but now it is known that it is the benzaldehyde molecule that is by far the major reason the cancer cell is killed.
	clem.mscd.edu /~boettner/CancerTutor/Cancer/Laetrile.html (1688 words)

	CIMER - Laetrile - M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
		Laetrile is the trade name for a naturally occurring substance, amygdalin, which is found in the pits of many fruits and in some other plants.
		Laetrile is not approved by the FDA for use in the United States.
		Side effects of laetrile in the NCI trial were sometimes, but not always, associated with high blood levels of cyanide.
	www.mdanderson.org /departments/CIMER/display.cfm?id=8597832C-3BC6-4C72-9F7998EF2D3A3F62&method=displayFull&pn=6EB86A59-EBD9-11D4-810100508B603A14 (431 words)

	Laetrile B17 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The theory behind the use of Laetrile in cancer patients is sound but there is still debate as to whether clinical usage is of benefit to this group of patients.
		Laetrile is harmless to healthy tissue which is a major advantage when dealing with cytotoxic agents.
		However, one must bear in mind that the pharmaceutical industry has a close working relationship with the FDA and that it is not in the interests of the large pharmaceutical companies manufacturing cytotoxics to have an effective rival that can be produced from a natural source such as the pits of apricots.
	www.alternativehealth.com.au /Articles/laeatril.htm (1294 words)

	World Without Cancer - worldwithoutcancer.org.uk - B17 Laetrile Vitamin B-17
		When Laetrile comes in contact with the enzyme beta-glucosidase, the Laetrile is broken down to form two molecules of glucose, one molecule of benzaldehyde and one molecule of hydrogen cyanide (HCN).
		This release stated that there were some proponents of a substance known as "Laetrile" (I'd never heard of it before) who were saying that this substance was capable of forming hydrogen cyanide in the presence of the cancer cell.
		But, the news release went on to say, the FDA had done extensive testing of this substance, "Laetrile," and found no evidence that it contained hydrogen cyanide or that any hydrogen cyanide was released in the presence of the cancer cell.
	www.worldwithoutcancer.org.uk /laetrileandcyanide.html (774 words)

	AllRefer Health - Laetrile/Amygdalin - Alternative Medicine
		Amygdalin was first isolated in 1830 and was used as an anticancer agent in Russia as early as 1845.
		In the 1950s, a reportedly nontoxic, semi-synthetic form of amygdalin was developed and patented in the United States as Laetrile®.
		Laetrile gained popularity in the 1970s as a single anticancer agent and as part of a metabolic therapy program consisting of a special diet, high-dose vitamin supplements, and pancreatic enzymes (a group of proteins that aid in the digestion of food).
	health.allrefer.com /alternative-medicine/laetrile-amygdalin-3.html (457 words)

	JAMA -- Abstract: Laetrile toxicity studies in dogs, March 6, 1978, Schmidt et al. 239 (10): 943
		Dogs were fed laetrile and fresh, sweet almonds under various conditions.
		The doses of laetrile were similar to those prescribed for patients with
		laetrile is highly toxic when taken with some common table foods.
	jama.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/abstract/239/10/943 (113 words)

	News
		Laetrile had been sold as a cure for cancer in the United States since before 1962.
		The FDA and National Cancer Institute have concluded however that laetrile is not only ineffectve against cancer but that it could harm patients who may delay other treatment while using the product.
		While it is legal to import laetril into Arizona, the government maintains it's illegal to sell it across state lines because it is an "unapproved new drug." Arjona's companies are accused of sending federal agents material claiming the cancer curing benefits of laetrile.
	www.cancerpage.com /news/article.asp?id=1629 (609 words)

	Laetrile overview
		Laetrile is a glycoside, a family of substances commonly found in plants, including chick peas, lentils, lima beans, cashews, brown rice and millet.
		The Commission claimed that laetrile was "completely ineffective" in humans, laboratory animals or in vitro, though the report later came under attack for omitting physician reports of subjective benefit to patients and a discussion of "toxic cellular changes" in cancer cells that were mentioned in the original laboratory studies.
		Laetrile opponents also have pointed to the prevalence of impure and potentially dangerous laetrile products, as well as those sold as laetrile which were in fact not laetrile at all.
	www.whale.to /c/laetrile.html (0 words)

	Laetrile/Amygdalin
		This request was initially approved but later rejected because preclinical evidence in animals showed that laetrile was not likely to be effective as an anticancer agent, Reviewed in [3] [11] [12] and because there were questions about how the proposed study was to be conducted.
		Reviewed in [2] [14] As a result, the use of laetrile as a cancer therapy or as a treatment for any other medical condition is not approved in the United States, but the compound continues to be manufactured and administered as an anticancer therapy, primarily in Mexico.
		The incidence of cyanide poisoning is much higher when laetrile is taken orally [22] Reviewed in [23] [24] because intestinal bacteria and some commonly eaten plants contain enzymes (beta-glucosidases) that activate the release of cyanide after laetrile has been ingested.
	www.meb.uni-bonn.de /cancer.gov/CDR0000062976.html (6473 words)

	Re: [MOL] Laetrile [01252]
		My information, from several sources, is that cyanide is generated by Laetrile only when it encounters a cancer cell, and then it affects only the cancer cell.
		Laetrile is a natural substance which is present in most fruit seeds, particularly concentrated in apricot seeds (the little ones inside the pit).
		Bill Henderson At 07:51 PM 11/27/2000, you wrote: >Be careful my friend as laetrille is very dangerous to take in capsules >especially when there is cyanide in vitamin B 17 or laetrille.
	www.meds.com /archive/mol-cancer/2000/11/msg01252.html (709 words)

	History of Alternative Cancer Treatments Vs. Allopathy: Hoxsey, Royal Raymond Rife, Vitamin B17 ...
		Orthodox medicine says that Laetrile (a purified form of amygdalin developed by Dr. Krebs) was thoroughly tested and found to be worthless.
		The longest and most famous Laetrile tests ever performed were run for nearly five years at America’s most prestigious cancer research center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York.
		Sloan-Kettering wanted a man-made patentable chemical to mimic the qualities found in amygdalin, because that is where the money is. If a very effective cancer treatment or cure was found in the lowly apricot seed, it would spell economic disaster for the cancer industry.
	www.healingcancernaturally.com /medical-history.html (0 words)

	IS CANCER MERELY A VITAMIN DEFICIENCY DISEASE
		Wisely perhaps, Griffin notes that because of the adverse publicity against B17 Laetrile, and because of the difficulties in obtaining the 'banned' substance, most cancer sufferers turn to the vitamin as a last resort, long after they have been burned by radiation therapy, and/or poisoned by chemotherapy.
		A recent check with the Australian Cancer Foundation and health authorities revealed that nowadays Canberra considers each individual case on its merits, then decides whether the patient should be allowed to import sufficient of the material for his or her own personal use.
		Krebs and his colleagues came under vicious attack from the AMA and pharmaceutical multinationals, presumably because as a vitamin derived from apricot kernels, B17 Laetrile could not be patented in order to yield huge profits for shareholders.
	www.vialls.com /vialls/laetrile1.html (3322 words)

	Molecule of the Day : Amygdalin/Laetrile: (Cancer quacks: Weigh in)
		The pharmaceutical preparations of amygdalin, the dosage, and the schedule were representative of past and present Laetrile practice.
		Amygdalin (Laetrile) is a toxic drug that is not effective as a cancer treatment.
		I'd also like to add this health professional summary on laetrile, citing a substantial number of references and prepared by a group of alternative medicine experts convened by the US National Cancer Institute.
	www.scienceblogs.com /moleculeoftheday/2006/09/amygdalinlaetrile_cancer_quack.php (529 words)

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