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Topic: Lakagigar

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Laki

Katla

Tephra

Tennessee Valley Authority

Malagasy language

	Pictures of the Lakagigar hike - Iceland
		We liked this one the best, because it was the only one where we only had to carry our own daypack.
		So when we arrived at the hut, all the shoes were put outside in the sun to dry.
		The third day is the name-giver of the hike: we went to the Lakagigar volcano.
	www.bamjam.net /Iceland/laki.html (487 words)

	[No title]
		On top of Laki, we could see clearly this volcano belt and the way the landscape had been formed, again we felt like we were in the year 1783, when there was a big eruption here.
		Well, I saw the movie on the aeroplane to Iceland, but being here and looking at the landscape at Lakagigar for example, “The Volcano” is only sensational, Iceland is both sensational and beautiful.
		After we went to Lakagigar, after that “positive nature-shock”, we went to see Öræfajökull, which is a part of Vatnajökull, the biggest glacier in Europe.
	www.ismennt.is /vefir/earth/mhpub/netdays/nemi/stc2.htm (875 words)

	NATURE: Iceland - Fire Meets Ice
		While eruptions often consist of little more than a spit of smoke and a cough of ash, sometimes they can mean spectacular and dangerous geologic fireworks.
		In the late 18th century, for instance, Iceland's Mount Lakagigar produced the world's largest lava flow -- more than 3 cubic miles of molten rock.
		Thousands of farm animals were gassed to death by the mountain's poisonous fumes, and the eruption produced so much ash that the sky was dark for weeks.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/nature/iceland/fire.html (866 words)

	AWI: Glaciology
		The eruption of the Icelandic Lakagigar volcanic fissure as recorded in an Greenlandic Ice Core
		In Drontheim (Norway) the leaves of trees seemed to be burnt by acidic rain [Martin, 1949].
		The picture found on the Volcano world with further information about the Lakagigar / Grimsvötn volcanoes was taken by Thor Thordarson.
	www.awi-bremerhaven.de /GPH/www_gla2_den_laki.html (170 words)

	What is the average amount of lava that comes out of a volcano when it erupts?
		For example, the smallest historical eruption was in Iceland in 1977 when 27 m3 of lava extruded out of a borehole.
		Iceland also had the largest historic eruption, 12.3 km3 at Lakagigar in 1783.
		The current eruption of Kilauea, now in its thirteenth year, has erupted nearly 1 km3 lava (the eruption rate is about 300,000-500,000 m3 per day).
	www.volcanoworld.org /vwdocs/frequent_questions/grp8/question189.html (142 words)

	Re: extinction (long)
		The Lakagigar eruption of 1783 (the only historical (small) flood basalt eruption) had strong effects on weather in the northern hemisphere, presumably through sulphuric acid emissions.
		The strange haziness and cold weather was noted by Benjamin Franklin who was then living in France and even correctly attributed by him to the eruptions on Iceland, though he thought that it was Mount Hekla that was erupting.
		It has even been suggested that the bad harvests caused by the Lakagigar eruption in Europe may have been a contributing factor in causing the French revolution.
	dml.cmnh.org /2004Jan/msg00174.html (1322 words)

	ardeche
		This was the remains of the lava flows from Lakagigar, which run to the coast from 40km away inland and are now covered in a wonderful deep carpet of moss so deep and soft you could use it as a mattress.
		The moss is also shot through with ground-willow shrubs and some flowering plants and is quite delightful, being soaked most days by the rain which hits this coast exposed to the southerly airflow from the Atlantic.
		We were glad the Germans in the Freelander had been there first and not told us of any major problems besides bumpy river bottoms in the fords.
	www.aegis-ceramics.co.uk /iceland/thurs.htm (1488 words)

	Hotels in South Iceland, Accommodation South Iceland, Travel South Iceland. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hotel Klaustur Iceland is a 3 star hotel located mid-way between Myrdalsjokull and the largest glacier in Europe - Vatnajokull (260 km from Reykjavik city centre).
		The hotel is situated in one of the most beautiful areas of Iceland, a short distance from Skaftafell national park, Vatnajokull and within easy reach of the powerful and mysterious Lakagigar area.
		Guided day trips are offered during summer time to the Lakagigar craters and to Nupsstaðir Woods.
	www.icehotel.is /EN/category.asp?catID=297 (295 words)

	Iceland expeditions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		We went from Shurtshellir to Lakagigar, along winding roads, beaten by the rain and swept by the wind, faithfull companion.
		Once at Lakagigar new explorations: many peculiar lava caves were explored.
		The accesses were put in evidence by real lava cones, very numerous in that area.
	www.crig.it /iceland2001/exped_22.htm (383 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Lakagigar in southern Iceland still bears the scars of violent volcanic eruptions.
		In the 1783 eruption, two fissures with a total length of 15 miles (25 km) opened up on both sides of the mountain.
		Iceland alone has produced one-third of the lava discharged around the world in the past 500 years.
	www.freeweb.hu /tamicsko/fuji/162.html (84 words)

	GEOHAZ2001 page 071 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Iceland, where the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is exposed on land, offers a natural laboratory to study the behaviour of non-explosive eruptions from fissure vents.
		Lakagigar (Laki) eruption in Iceland in 1783 resulted in one of the world's worst volcanic disasters.
		About 9,000 people, 20 % of the country's population, died of starvation after the eruption because their livestock had perished from grazing on grass contaminated by fluorine-rich gas emitted during this 8-month long eruption.
	isis.uwimona.edu.jm /uds/GEOHAZARDS_2001/GEOHAZ2001-071.html (236 words)

	Killer Volcanoes! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Gamala, Indonesia-1775: once again, people are buried in Indonesia, this time by a pyroclastic flow.
		Lakagigar, Iceland-1783: In 1783, the Lakagigar Fissure begins erupting on June 8.
		The eruptions exhibit a phreatomagmatic style, but, as water sources become exhausted eruptions become strombolian, and, as the intensity increased it moved on to hawaiian.
	mivo-sys.tripod.com /killers.html (1461 words)

	The Laki and Grimsvotn Eruptions of 1783-1785 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Eldgja fissures and flows are also shown.
		Lakagigar (also called Skaftar) was the vent for the 1783-1784 eruption of Grimsvotn caldera.
		It was the second largest basaltic fissure eruption in historic time (after the ~935 eruption of nearby
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/volc_images/europe_west_asia/laki.html (453 words)

	michael specter--decoding iceland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The greatest calamity was still to come, however.
		In 1783, Lakagigar, a volcano in southern Iceland, erupted.
		By the time the lava stopped, eight months later, it had produced the biggest flow in recorded times--more than two hundred square miles of fire and ash.
	www.michaelspecter.com /ny/1999/1999_02_18_iceland.html (7343 words)

	Kan vulkanudbrud påvirke jordens klima? - Geologi nyt fra GEUS 4, 2000
		For eksempel kan vi takke aktive vulkaner for vor atmosfære og dermed den mest afgørende betingelse for liv på denne klode.
		En del af den 25 km lange kraterrække Lakagigar (Eldborgir) på Island, der opstod ved Lakis udbrud i 1783-84.
		Syd for Laki ses Eldgja (ildspalten), der er en del af den spaltevulkan, der havde udbrud omkring landnamstiden på Island; på figuren side 10 ses Eldgjas udbrud som en kraftig stigning af surhedsgraden i iskernen omkring år 930.
	www.geus.dk /publications/geo-nyt-geus/gi004_01.htm (3775 words)

	[No title]
		At numerous times in the island's history, volcanoes have meant disaster.
		The largest recorded lava flow in world history happened here in the late 18th century, when Mount Lakagigar emitted 3 cubic miles of lava.
		So much ash was released that the sun was permanently obscured, and hundreds of thousands of sheep and cattle perished from the poisonous gasses.
	www.geographia.com /iceland/geology1.htm (941 words)

	Icelandâs Volcanoes - Icelandâs stunning moon-like landscape (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Iceland has been the scene of more than one volcanic catastrophe.
		In the late 18th century Mt. Lakagigar was the source of an enormous eruption.
		More than three cubic miles of flowing lava was released and the sun was no longer visible because of the sheer amount of ash.
	www.icelander.com /web/Iceland/Volcanoes/iceland-volcanoe-2.html (450 words)

	Online Hotel Search Book On Line (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		They are specially attractive for families who do things together.
		such as the Fjallabaksleid, the Lakagigar from Skaftafell and Around Iceland Route.
		Stop over wherever you wish for as long as you want.
	www.austurleid.is /hve_selfoss_busschedule.htm (94 words)

	Iceland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		All the above eruptions have been small-scale events.
		But at some time in the future there will be a large eruption, and if the wind blows ill for us, it’s quite possible that we might find ourselves forcibly reminded of what our ancestors experienced back in 1783 - when Lakagigar erupted and caused famine and widespread civil unrest through western Europe.
		At the Torfajökull central volcano in south-central Iceland, a variety of subglacial rhyolite volcanoes have been emplaced in recent glacial periods.
	earth.leeds.ac.uk /ygs/programme/year2000/jan2000.htm (1238 words)

	Bjarni's HikePics Web Site
		Iceland: Lakagigar to Nupstadarskogar - July 2001 (130 pictures)
		Lakagigar - A 17-mile long row of volcanoes (1783)
		Waking up on the sand after the rain
	www.hikepics.com (220 words)

	nat43 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Face of the Myrdalsjökul glacier covered with volcanic ash
		Flourescente foam carpet on the lava of Lakagigar...
		A little moisture and the life appears in its primary form
	vetolavie.chez.tiscali.fr /nature/tnatisl.htm (61 words)

	Traveljournals.net - Lakagigar, Iceland - Location on world map, coordinates and short facts
		Traveljournals.net - Lakagigar, Iceland - Location on world map, coordinates and short facts
		/ Explore / Iceland / Locations / Lakagigar
		Maps and coordinates for Lakagigar, Iceland are approximative and not valid for navigation.
	www.traveljournals.net /explore/iceland/map/m3657574/lakagigar.html (42 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		What difficulties do scientists face when trying to study mid-ocean ridges?
		What caused the people of Iceland to die after the 1783 eruption at Lakagigar?
		What causes a Tsunami to increase in height?
	www.hazelwood.k12.mo.us /~bmettlin/8thgradescience/sheets/platetectonicsandpeopleqs.doc (320 words)

	Lakagigar - the Laki craters on Flickr - Photo Sharing!
		Lakagigar - the Laki craters on Flickr - Photo Sharing!
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	www.flickr.com /photos/mariaroff/4621035 (46 words)

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