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Topic: Lake Calumet

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	Calumet Ecological Park Feasibility Study: Part I
		As the edge of the ice sheet receded northward, the water from the melting glacier and from rains formed a lake between the glacier to the north and the moraine to the south.
		Lake Chicago is the name applied to all stages of the lake from the time of the first opening of the Chicago Outlet until its final closing.
		When the Calumet region was settled, the natural communities of the strandplain formed a transition from sand savanna and sand prairie associated with the dune region in the east to tallgrass prairie in the west (Labus and Whitman, 1997).
	www.lincolnnet.net /environment/feasibility/calumet2.html (7039 words)

	Calumet County Official Website, calumet county, wisconsin, wi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Calumet County is located along the east shores of the state’s largest inland lake, Lake Winnebago.
		With the spectacular Niagara Escarpment, numerous parks and wildlife areas, caves, and fields of rolling hills, the county is truly a recreational asset and hence is known as the “quiet side of the lake”.
		The County motto is: “We Extend the Calumet to all Mankind”.
	www.co.calumet.wi.us /departments2.iml?dept_id=72 (280 words)

	Calumet River System
		The Calumet river system is a network of waterways, some human-made and others transformed by two centuries of human straightening, widening, dredging, channelizing, and damming, as well as by industrial pollution and landfilling of nearby marshes.
		The Indiana Harbor Canal connecting the Grand Calumet with Lake Michigan at East Chicago was completed in 1906, and industries moved to its banks.
		In the 1960s, the Calumet River was so polluted that sludge worms could not survive, and in 1965 the O'Brien Lock and Dam began operating on the Calumet River at 130th Street to prevent polluted water from entering Lake Michigan.
	www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org /pages/203.html (856 words)

	Calumet Harbor - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Calumet Harbor artificial harbor on Lake Michigan, at the mouth of the Calumet River, NE Ill., in S Chicago.
		Canals connect the lake with the Calumet region of Indiana and with the Illinois Waterway.
		Lake Calumet marina plan rocks boat; City opposes proposed harbor development.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-calumeth.html (429 words)

	Environmental :: Fill Deposits
		The western half of Lake Calumet continued to be filled between the periods of 1902 and 1927.
		Filling of Lake Calumet continued with the establishment of solid-waste landfills along the northern shore by the city of Chicago in 1940.
		The period from 1978 to 1993 was marked by sanitary landfills at facilities in the vicinity of Lake Calumet.
	www.neiu.edu /~reseller/ehpg14fill.htm (1117 words)

	Lake Calumet Paddling/Fishing
		Adjacent to the Calumet Division of the Cook County Forest Preserve District.
		Lake Calumet is located on the southeast side of Chicago.
		For its size, the lake isn't bad at all for a small boat, there is a bit of an odor near the breakwaters, but that is because of all the birds.
	pages.ripco.net /~jwn/lakecalumet.html (529 words)

	Gaylord and Dorothy Donnelley Foundation
		Calumet Biodiversity Blitz [photo right, (c)2002 The Field Museum#GN90491-208d, Photographer John Weinstein] — an organized "treasure hunt" to identify as many different species within a 24-hour time period — resulted in the second highest total number of species recorded in any of the dozens of Bioblitzes held around the country.
		Calumet Area Land Use Plan, published in December 2001, recommends 3,000 acres for industrial redevelopment and 4,800 acres to be set aside as the Calumet Open Space Reserve.
		The Lake Calumet Ecosystem Partnership, whose membership is a virtual who's who of local and city-wide environmental organizations and agencies, meets monthly to share information and to encourage projects — often with funding from the Illinois Department of Natural Resources Conservation-2000 Program — that advance rehabilitation of the watershed.
	www.gddf.org /articleDetail.asp?objectID=438 (954 words)

	Lake Calumet - Past & Future
		Lake Calumet cannot continue to dodge these bullets that seek to damage its open space, and endanger its native species.
		The scenery in the Calumet region is filled with opposing images of environmental neglect and survival.
		The Lake Calumet wetlands are host to the Midwest's largest breeding colony of Illinois endangered Black-crowned Night Herons.
	illinois.sierraclub.org /calumet/past/index.html (1537 words)

	Lake Calumet - Photo Gallery
		In fact, the state endangered Black-crowned Night Heron colony at Lake Calumet is the largest rookery for this species in the state and one of the oldest.
		The abundance of birds is due partly to the proximity of the Lake Calumet wetlands to the south end of Lake Michigan and the habitat variety the region offers for breeding, migration, foraging and resting.
		Lake Calumet and the surface waters that surround it also provide the very specific habitat needed by shorebirds.
	illinois.sierraclub.org /calumet/PhotoGallery/index.html (439 words)

	Welcome to the Calumet Township Trustee's Office Website - Bridge to a new Life
		Calumet Township is committed to providing professional, compassionate service to help residents in time of dire economic emergency.
		The Calumet Township Trustee is Mary Elgin, who was elected November 6, 2002 to her first four-year term.
		Calumet Township is classified as an urban township.
	www.calumettwp-in.gov (315 words)

	Conservation Ecology: New methodologies for interdisciplinary research and action in an urban ecosystem in Chicago
		The Calumet region, which extends from southeast Chicago to northwest Indiana, is an industrial and natural landscape, a montage of culture, industry, and natural resources that is liminally perched between deindustrialization, on the one hand, and economic and ecological revitalization, on the other (see Fig.
		Residents of the Lake Calumet region were faced with massive unemployment, devastated neighborhoods centered around empty factories, millions of tons of toxic wastes, industrial landfills, and the ever-growing sludge mountains of the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District.
		Because the Lake Calumet region was a major wetland area before its industrial development, the major biological components that have been identified as conservation targets are mainly associated with its wetlands and aquatic systems.
	www.ecologyandsociety.org /vol7/iss3/art2/main.html (6872 words)

	Southeast Environmental Task Force - Calumet Initiative
		The Lake Calumet Tax increment Financing (TIF) District, roughly 20 square miles in size, is the biggest TIF district in the city.
		Chicago's Calumet region is unique in the city, demonstrating the vital relationship between community, livelihood and environment.
		Calumet is home to bustling communities and industrial centers, testament to a proud and storied history.
	www.setaskforce.org /cali.html (691 words)

	[BCNnet] Lake Calumet marina update
		Abrant: The Lake Michigan Federation requests that the U.S. Army Corps of = Engineers require the Illinois International Port District (IIPD) to = file a complete Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for all plans = currently on record for the development of the Lake Calumet region = before a permit can be considered on this project.
		Lake Calumet is the only inland lake in Illinois hydrologically = connected to Lake Michigan, and the Calumet River is the largest Lake = Michigan tributary in the state.
		Lake Calumet currently hosts a number of = Illinois state endangered bird species, including the fl-crowned = night-heron, the little blue heron, and the yellow-headed flbird.
	www.ece.iit.edu /pipermail/bcnnet/2002-June/000175.html (2022 words)

	Environmental History :: The Early Years
		In the Calumet section of the Lake Plain, a series of shallow lakes was captured by sand spits, as Lake Chicago receded.
		While the Calumet region was settled, the natural communities of the strand plain formed a transition from sand savanna and sand prairie associated with the dune region in the east to tallgrass prairie in the west.
		Lake Calumet once had extensive wetlands around it that stretched to the Calumet River.
	www.neiu.edu /~reseller/ehpg2erlyyrs.htm (485 words)

	Southeast Environmental Task Force - Open Space Enhancement
		The Calumet Region in the City of Chicago presently contains approximately 4,800 acres of open lands, including 700 acres of Lake Calumet itself (including approximately three miles of shoreline currently closed to public access); approximately 20 miles of waterways including the Calumet, Little, and Grand Calumet Rivers; Wolf Lake; and, various smaller lakes and ponds.
		The lake is home to dozens of shorebirds and waterfowl, including several threatened and endangered species.
		In response to the City's Calumet Area Land Use Plan SETF gathered partners to form the Lake Calumet Vision Committee in March, 2003.
	www.southeastenvironmental.org /open.html (763 words)

	Environmentalists Protest Impacts of Lake Calumet Marina Project (IL)
		A new plan for a 1,000-boat marina in Lake Calumet has sparked an environmental skirmish over the future of the long-suffering lake, an unusual ecological gem surrounded by shuttered steel mills, rusty grain elevators and retired garbage dumps.
		The Lake Calumet Vision Committee recommends reclaiming the last 3,000 acres of wetlands, opening the barbed-wire-enclosed lake to the public for canoeing, picnicking and hiking, and restoring native habitats.
		The lake is part of a larger area that roughly extends from the Bishop Ford Freeway on the west to the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore on the east and includes Wolf Lake, the Grand Marsh and the Calumet River system.
	www.greatlakesdirectory.org /il/061602_lake_calumet.htm (1396 words)

	© ASLA.org
		The Calumet region’s role as a transportation hub has always been a strong attraction for industry: nine railroad companies run through the area making it North America’s largest center for intermodal freight shipping, five interstate highways are within ten miles and the Illinois International Port District is based there.
		Because the industries of Lake Calumet are in the unusual situation of being intermingled with significant wildlife habitat, it is necessary to consider the future of both industry and nature together, in a comprehensive and synergistic land use plan.
		The plans for the Calumet area are the boldest effort to reverse decades of disinvestment, pollution and population loss in an area dominated by steel mills and landfills.
	www.asla.org /awards/2005/05winners/entry_104.html (2814 words)

	Audubon: Birds & Science
		Located in the far northwestern corner of Indiana in Lake County and bordered to the immediate north by Lake Michigan’s shoreline, the State Line/Calumet Region Important Bird Area represents perhaps one of the most significant ornithological phenomena and bird conservation issues in the state.
		George Lake, located about 1.5 miles inland from the sanctuary, is an approximate 270-acre complex of open water, herbaceous marshes, and small woodlots that serve as an important oasis for migrant waterbirds, shorebirds, and landbirds.
		Both Wolf and George Lake are remnants of a much larger lake that encompassed biologically diverse wetlands, open water, and dune and swale ecosystems; this complex was further connected with Lake Calumet in Illinois and the wetlands of the Grand Calumet River, which have additionally been recognized as an Important Bird Area.
	iba.audubon.org /iba/viewSiteProfile.do?siteId=2708 (774 words)

	Calumet Environmental Education Program
		These changes in lake level were created by four principal factors: ebb and flow of glacial ice in the Great Lakes basin, rises of the land when relieved of glacial ice, quantity of water leaving the lake thorough the erosion of outlets, and quantities of water entering the lake.
		They would arrive on the shores of Lake Calumet on fall mornings and find the lake covered with water birds "of every kind that breed upon this continent." With the first gun shots, the birds arose in such abundance that they blotted out the sun as they circled in the air.
		The full extent of the biological importance of the Calumet was demonstrated beyond a doubt when scientists of all flavors, from mycologists and protozoologists to mammalogists gathered in the summer of 2002 to identify all the organisms they could find in one 24-hour period.
	www.fieldmuseum.org /ceep/infoSci_lifeTimes.html (2274 words)

	After the Thaw - The Development of Lake Michigan; Page 3
		In fact, they are created by fluctuations in lake level with each ridge indicating a rise and fall of lake level during a roughly 30-year period of time.
		Lake level was high in Lake Michigan about 1,700 years ago.
		By the late 1800s the mouth of the Grand Calumet River had been driven more than nine miles (15 km) eastward across the Indiana shore to exit at Marquette, and the entire Toleston Beach shoreline had grown into the lake as much as 6 miles (9.5 km).
	igs.indiana.edu /geology/ancient/afterthaw/afterThaw03.cfm (658 words)

	[No title]
		The surface waters of the Lake Michigan coastal area include Lake Michigan; the Little Calumet River, the Grand Calumet River, the Galena River, and Trail Creek; several smaller tributaries and man-made ditches; many natural and man-made lakes; ponds and man-made excavations; and scattered remnants of marshes, swamps, and other wetlands.
		In 1922, the construction of the Calumet Sag Channel drastically altered the hydrology of the Lake Michigan area.
		The flood plain of the Little Calumet River and its tributaries is one of the most flood-prone areas in the state.
	www.in.gov /nrc_dnr/lakemichigan/3v5wetdr/3v5wetdr1.html (1023 words)

	Calumet River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The name "Calumet" refers to the calumet, an elaborate pipe that served as a universal sign of peace among the Illiniwek, and which was presented to Pere Marquette in 1673.
		The Calumet River, on the south side of Chicago, originally simply drained Lake Calumet to Lake Michigan.
		The Grand Calumet River, originating in the east end of Gary, Indiana, flows 13 miles (21 km) through the cities of Gary, East Chicago and Hammond.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Calumet_River (1297 words)

	Calumet Rivers/Cal-Sag Channel Paddling/Fishing Page
		Thorn Creek, a tributary to the Little Calumet River, is actually older, than the Little Calumet River, as it once connected into the great river system that rose from the St Joseph river and headed north across the area now covered by Lake Michigan.
		Slowly, the mouth of the Grand Calumet near Miller Indiana filled with sand due to lack of flow, and the flow of the river changed forever, traveling backwards to the lower channel near Wolf Lake.
		The Calumet and Cal-Sag have very little current, so little in fact that the river was almost void of life due to no oxygen in the water.
	pages.ripco.net /~jwn/calumet.html (2851 words)

	Marian Byrnes: Conscience of the Calumet - Fall 2001
		Byrnes’ability to be a bridge has helped the image of the Calumet region progress from dumping ground and industrial wasteland to land of environmental and economic opportunity.
		Byrnes, herself observed, “I think the most Jim Landing and I and others expected to do was to keep the Calumet open spaces protected in our lifetimes, and that eventually some government or group would come along that would understand about the necessity for their preservation and restoration.
		This loosestrife is considered one of the worst invasive plants in the region and the thousands of beetles now munching away in the Calumet stands are producing promising results.
	chicagowildernessmag.org /issues/fall2001/marianbyrnes.html (1407 words)

	Sand Ridges and Dunes in the Calumet Region
		As the ice melted away the lake's surface was 60 feet higher than at present and it discharged torrents of water through the DesPlaines river and Sag valleys.
		The famous Indiana dunes were built by winds sweeping down the lake and creating waves which washed sand and gravel up onto the shore; and then, after that dried, carrying sand inland until it piled up in ridges and dunes.
		Because its far-flung prairies were too wet to farm, the Calumet region was not settled as early as other parts of Chicagoland but the high dry beach lines have been main routes for travel around the tip of Lake Michigan since prehistoric times.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /natbltn/700-799/nb709.htm (625 words)

	Southeast Environmental Task Force
		Calumet Corridor Visioning: creating a comprehensive plan for the river corridor that promotes economic and community revitalization through public access, historic preservation, and tourism development.
		Lake Calumet Vision Committee: advocating for creating public open space and habitat restoration on the shores of the lake.
		Lake Calumet Ecosystem Partnership: chairing a unique partnership made of industry, government, higher education, NGO's, and community members concerned with the Calumet region.
	www.southeastenvironmental.org (265 words)

	Calumet County, Wisconsin: attractions, historic sites, parks, nature centers, festivals, museums
		Calumet County is truly "a little piece of heaven." It is ideally located between Lake Winnebago and Lake Michigan and boasts several parks on the shores of Lake Winnebago.
		From the crest of the ledge, which parallels Lake Winnebago, the shoreline and the lake beyond spread in a wondrous natural panorama.
		Trees still border the lake as they did in the days of the Menominees, concealing from a distance the modern cottages along the shoreline.
	www.explorewisconsin.com /countypages/calumet.html (381 words)

	Welcome to the Port of Chicago
		Lake Calumet operations and terminals are located at the junction point of the Grand Calumet and Little Calumet Rivers approximately 6 miles inland from Lake Michigan.
		The southwest quadrant of Lake Calumet consists of three transit sheds totaling over 315,000 square feet adjacent to approximately 3000 linear feet of ship and barge berthing space.
		The Calumet Zone includes 400,000 square-feet of designated warehouse space and 20 acres of developable land for the storage, handling, processing, manufacturing and/or assembling of foreign goods.
	www.theportofchicago.com /pages/facilities.html (347 words)

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