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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Lake Chad
		Lake Chad (in French: Lac Tchad) is a large, shallow lake in Africa.
		The lake is believed to be a remnant of a former inland sea which is estimated to have covered an area of 400,000 km² 6,000 years ago.
		Lake Chad, which is in Chad and Cameroon, was once the second-largest lake in Africa but has shrunk dramatically during the last few decades and is now down to less than 10% of its former size.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Lake-Chad (999 words)

	Vital Water Graphics, United Nations Environment Programme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Since 1963, the lake has shrunk to nearly a twentieth of its original size, due both to climatic changes and to high demands for agricultural water.
		About 50% of the decrease in the lake's size since the 1960s is attributed to human water use, with the remainder attributed to shifting climate patterns.
		The changes in the lake have contributed to local lack of water, crop failures, livestock deaths, collapsed fisheries, soil salinity, and increasing poverty throughout the region.
	www.unep.org /vitalwater/27.htm (383 words)

	Chad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chad has four climatic zones: it has broad, arid plains in the center, desert in the north, dry mountains in the northwest, and tropical lowlands in the south.
		Lake Chad, which is in Chad and Cameroon, was once the second-largest lake in Africa but has shrunk dramatically during the last few decades and is now down to less than 10% of its former size.
		Chad's terrain is dominated by the low-lying Chad Basin (elevation about 250 m / 820 ft), which rises gradually to mountains and plateaus on the north, east, and south.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chad (1988 words)

	Lake Chad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lake Chad in a 2001 satellite image, with the actual lake in blue, and vegetation on top of the old lake bed in green.
		Lake Chad (in French: Lac Tchad) is a large, shallow lake in Africa.
		The lake is believed to be a remnant of a former inland sea which is estimated to have covered an area of 400,000 km² 6,000 years ago.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lake_Chad (456 words)

	Chad, Lake. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The reduction in the lake’s size is due to a falloff in the monsoons that feed that lake’s tributaries and a greatly increased use of water from the tributaries for irrigation.
		Lake Chad was formerly even larger, attaining a depth of c.930 ft (285 m) in the 19th cent.; 60,000 years ago, it covered 150,000 sq mi (388,500 sq km), roughly the size of the Caspian Sea.
		The lake also has been much smaller than it was in the mid-20th cent., and probably has previously disappeared: The retreat of the shoreline has revealed sand dunes that were submerged until recently, and the fish found in the lake are adapted to river life.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ch/Chad-Lak.html (242 words)

	the Living Africa: the land - Lake Chad - intro
		Lake Chad is the fourth largest lake in Africa and is located in the Sahel zone of west-central Africa between Chad, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Niger.
		Lake Chad is a very important asset to the region, because of its contribution to the region's hydrology and because of the diversity of flora and fauna that it attracts.
		The Lake Chad region is known for it's important role in trans-Saharan trade and for the various important archaeological discoveries that have been made here.
	library.thinkquest.org /16645/the_land/lake_chad.shtml (126 words)

	the Living Africa: the land - Lake Chad - Hydrology
		Lake Chad's size varies greatly depending on the season and time of year.
		The overall volume of the lake is determined by the amount of rainfall that has occurred that year and also by how much water has been lost through evaporation, transpiration through plants and seepage.
		Interestingly enough, Lake Chad has a very low salt content in spite of the fact that it is a dryland lake and does not have any true outlets.
	library.thinkquest.org /16645/the%5Fland/chad_hydrology.shtml (407 words)

	Chad, Lake - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Chad, Lake (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Lake on the northeastern boundary of Nigeria and the eastern boundary of Chad.
		The Lake Chad basin is being jointly developed for oil and natron (sodium carbonate, used in the manufacture of soap and medicines) by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria.
		The lake is situated at the junction of the boundaries of Nigeria, Cameroon, Niger, and Chad and is all that remains of a former inland sea.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Chad,+Lake (263 words)

	CHAD - Online Information article about CHAD
		In the south-west end of the lake the water is yellow, caused by banks of clay; elsewhere it is clear.
		Near the lake the valley was formerly swampy, and at high-water the lake overflowed into it.
		Algeria and Lake Chad by way of the Sahara was opened, after repeated failures, by the French explorer F. Foureau in 1899-1900..
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /CAU_CHA/CHAD.html (1636 words)

	env062 Lake Chad has shrunk into "a ghost"
		Lake Chad now is "about one-twentieth of the size it was 35 years ago," says Coe, who led the NASA-supported study by the UW-Madison Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment.
		The Lake Chad drainage basin, which is similar in size to the US Mississippi River basin, is a closed system that depends on monsoon rains to replenish the water.
		Lake Chad is the continent's fourth largest body of water, supporting more than 20 million people in four countries.
	www.afrol.com /Categories/Environment/env062_lake_chad.htm (1103 words)

	Chad - MSN Encarta
		Chad is bounded on the north by Libya; on the east by Sudan; on the south by the Central African Republic; and on the west by Cameroon, Nigeria, and Niger.
		Extensive fish resources in Lake Chad and the Chari River are also of vital importance.
		Natron (a sodium carbonate that occurs naturally in lake beds) has been extracted from the shores of Lake Chad for centuries for use as salt and for the production of soap and glass.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761562065 (354 words)

	Shrinking African Lake Offers Lesson on Finite Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Lake Chad is in the Sahel, a vast savanna bordered by the rain forests of the west coast of Africa on one side and the Sahara desert to the north.
		Overgrazing of the savanna is one of the biggest factors in the shrinking of the lake, according to Coe and Foley.
		Lake Chad, about the size of the state of Vermont, was one of the largest freshwater lakes in Africa.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2001/04/0426_lakechadshrinks.html (599 words)

	Newswise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Lake Chad and the Chari/Logone river system, which transports 90 percent of the runoff generated in the area basin, are important water resources for the local population.
		Lake Chad has always undergone seasonal and inter-annual fluctuations because it is less than 23 feet (7 m) deep.
		Lake Chad's primary source of water comes from the monsoon rains that typically fall in June, July and August.
	www.newswise.com /articles/view/?id=CHAD.GSC (770 words)

	Lake Chad
		Lake Chad is a large, shallow lake in Africa.
		Lake Chad is the second-largest lake in west Africa and is one of the most important wetlands on the continent.
		The Lake Chad area continues to be patrolled by Nigerian-Nigerien-Chadian joint military forces; however, during the year, the region became more secure, and intercommunal conflict, which in previous years resulted in some killings, declined following the 1998 Toubou Peace Accords.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/english/La/Lake+Chad.html (639 words)

	Chad (03/06)
		Lake Chad is the second-largest lake in West Africa and is one of the most important wetlands on the continent.
		The northern region of Chad was occupied by the French in 1914.
		Chad has been an active champion of regional cooperation through the Central African Economic and Customs Union, the Lake Chad and Niger River Basin Commissions, and the Interstate Commission for the Fight Against the Drought in the Sahel.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/37992.htm (5173 words)

	Africa Environment Outlook - Chapter 2
		The Lake Chad basin is a depression of the seven countries grouped around it, forming a freshwater lake (the Conventional Basin), which is shared by Cameroon (9 per cent), Chad (42 per cent), Niger (28 per cent) and Nigeria (21 per cent).
		Lake Chad is an important source of water and economic activities, including agriculture and fisheries.
		The objective of the Lake Chad Basin Commission is to ensure the most rational use of water, land and other natural resources, and to coordinate regional development.
	www.grida.no /aeo/164.htm (1037 words)

	Lake Chad
		LAKE CHAD, once the fourth-largest body of water in Africa, has shrunk by almost 95 per cent over the past 38 years, according to research sponsored by the US space agency Nasa.
		The ecosystem of the lake will be wrecked and water supplies to countries such as Chad, Niger, Nigeria and Cameroon, which border the lake’s former shores, and Sudan and Central African Republic, which rely on rivers that form part of its drainage basin, may be threatened.
		The Lake Chad basin is a closed water system that depends on monsoon rains to replenish the water that drains from the lake.
	www.goldenageproject.org.uk /20lakechad.html (311 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Lake Chad flooded savanna (AT0904)
		Lake input is seasonal, the majority originating as precipitation on the Adama Plateau, brought to Lake Chad via the Chari and Logone Rivers.
		The lake is extremely shallow, with a maximum depth of 12 m measured in 1969 prior to the droughts of the 1970’s (Jauro 1998).
		The surface of the lake is covered with a mixture of island archipelagoes (23 percent), reed beds (39 percent), and open water (38 percent) (Dumont 1992).
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/at/at0904_full.html (3017 words)

	Chad
		In May the World Bank and Chad reached a compromise: Chad's government would receive 30% oil revenues, instead of the 10% originally agreed to, and the remaining 70% of revenues would be spent exclusively on programs to alleviate the country's poverty.
		Chad: the tip of the spear: a revolution is taking place in the dust bowls of southern Chad, one that will have a profound impact on how African countries do business with the major oil companies in the future.
		Seepage relationships between Lake Chad and the Chad aquifers.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107403.html (1120 words)

	A Shadow of a Lake: Africa's Disappearing Lake Chad
		Lake Chad, once one of the African continent's largest bodies of fresh water, has dramatically decreased in size due to climate change and human demand for water.
		The most dramatic decrease in the size of the lake is shown in the fifteen years between January 1973 and January 1987.
		The red color denotes vegetation on the lake bed and the ripples on the western edge of the lake denote sand dunes formed by the wind.
	www.gsfc.nasa.gov /gsfc/earth/environ/lakechad/chad.htm (414 words)

	Lake Chad and the Aral Sea
		The Lake Chad Basin Commission is an organization designed to manage the basin and to resolve disputes that might arise over the lake and its resources.
		As with Lake Chad, human activities in the region had expanded sharply since 1960, and the demands on streamflow diversions from these rivers intensified.
		One of the lakes has pretty much disappeared as a result of human factors (the Aral) and the other is disappearing as the combined result of overuse of river water and of a drier climate regime.
	www.fragilecologies.com /sep09_04.html (1945 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| Slow death of Africa's Lake Chad
		Lake Chad - shared by Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon, and Niger - has receded to less than 20% of its former volume.
		At the lake bank, fishermen are pulling small fl catfish from a large cylindrical fish trap made from bamboo.
		The power station was to provide electricity to pump water from Lake Chad to irrigate 165,000 acres (668 sq km) of farm land.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/4906692.stm (1096 words)

	Lake Chad: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The lake is believed to be a remnant of a former inland sea which is estimated to have covered an area of 300,000 km²; square kilometre quick summary:
		It was one of the largest lakes in the world when first surveyed by Europeans in 1823, EHandler: no quick summary.
		The chari or shari river is a 949-kilometer-long river of central africa, flowing from the central african republic through chad into lake chad....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/la/lake_chad.htm (736 words)

	15/1/2007 -- Dying with Lake Chad
		As recently as 1966, Lake Chad, which sits between Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon and Niger, was a huge expanse of water that the locals fondly referred to as an "ocean".
		For the politicians, there is no arguing with the figures: 40 years ago, the lake was 25,000 sq km and the daily fish catch was some 230,000 tonnes; now it is 500 sq km with a catch of barely 50,000 tonnes.
		"Lake Chad is a global heritage and now a disaster waiting to happen," speaker of Nigeria's House of Representatives said at a recent meeting to discuss ways to save the disappearing lake.
	www.forests.org /articles/reader.asp?linkid=66880 (987 words)

	Chad Travel Guide \| Travel Information Guide
		Chad was first defined as a national territory in 1910, as one of the four making up French Equatorial Africa.
		Lake Chad, once one of the largest freshwater lakes in the world, is still a serene sight to behold, despite its gradual shrinkage due to climate change and increased demands.
		Indeed, Chad itself, although one of the poorest of Africa's nations, is still geographically staggering, ranging from desert in the north to fertile farmland in the south, all under the canopy of a blue, blisteringly hot sky.
	www.worldtravelguide.net /country/55/country_guide/Africa/Chad.html (406 words)

	edie news centre - Climate and irrigation reduce Lake Chad to one twentieth its size in four decades
		“Lake Chad was about 25,000 square kilometres in surface area back in 1963,” said Jonathan A Foley, one of the researchers.
		The researchers calculated that there was a 30% decrease in the lake between 1966 and 1975, with irrigation only accounting for five percent of the decrease.
		According to the scientists, regional officials have noticed the dramiatic effect that the shrinking lake is having on its surrounding inhabitants.
	www.edie.net /news/news_story.asp?id=3912 (461 words)

	Replenishing Lake Chad
		The Lake Chad Basin is shared by five countries.
		However, irrigation demands increased fourfold between 1983 and 1994, accounting for half of the additional decrease in the lake's size, according to the researchers in a paper titled 'Human and Natural Impacts on the Water Resources of the Lake Chad Basin', published on 27 February 2001 in the American Geophysical Union's Journal of Geophysical Research.
		Some of the farmers forced to migrate from the Lake Chad area have gone to cities, as far south as Lagos, where they take up menial jobs or swell the ranks of the jobless, adding to the social crises there, Adewale told IRIN in Nigeria.
	www.scienceinafrica.co.za /2003/march/chad.htm (1615 words)

	Honor the fallen: Army Sgt. Chad W. Lake
		Chad W. Lake, 26, died Sunday near Balad, Iraq, the Department of Defense said Tuesday in a news release.
		Lake was born in Ocala and graduated from North Marion High School in 1996.
		Lake started out in the Army’s air-defense unit and later was transferred to the cavalry as a scout.
	www.militarycity.com /valor/663613.html (252 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| Lake Chad fishermen pack up their nets
		This lake is dying and we are all dying with it
		I am not disputing the fact that lake Chad is disappearing at an alarming rate due in part to natural climatic effects, however I feel it is necessary for the article to highlight more of the direct reasons for lake Chad¿s depletion...local human involvement and lack of government cohesion.
		Lake Chad is drying up (and has been since I lived there almost 20 years ago) because the water is being diverted to irrigate crops in the arid desert, as well as feed the growing cities in Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad and Libya.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/6261447.stm (1800 words)

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