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	LAKE NGAMI : Encyclopedia Entry
		Lake Ngami is an endorheic lake in Botswana north of the Kalahari Desert.
		It is one of the fragmented remnants of the ancient Lake Makgadikgadi.
		Lake Ngami had many famous visitors during the 19th (and into the 20th) century.
	www.bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Lake_Ngami (211 words)

	Ngami - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		It is cut by 201° S. and 2 3 ° E. Ngami is the lowest point of a large depression in the plateau which comprises nine-tenths of Africa south of the Zambezi.
		The greater part of the Ngami water-system lies, however, N.W. of the lake (which for convenience it may still be called) in the tableland of Angola and German South West Africa.
		From the N.E. end of Ngami issued the Botletle or Zuga, a stream which runs S.E. and drains towards the Makarikari marsh, from which there is no outlet.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /N/NG/NGAMI.htm (930 words)

	Lake Ngami (Important Birds Areas of Botswana)
		The lake or depression is surrounded by Acacia savanna.Although Lake Ngami is at present dry, it formerly flooded seasonally, fed by the Nghabe (Lake) and Kunyere rivers.
		The lake reaches its seasonal peak during the dry season, the rise occurring from June to a maximum in August.
		Lake levels fall from October to May, except in high-flow years such as 1978, when there was limited inflow in all months.
	www.birdlife.org /datazone/sites/?action=SitHTMDetails.asp&sid=6048&m=0 (857 words)

	Lake Ngami - Definition, explanation
		Lake Ngami is a lake in Botswana north of the Kalahari desert.
		In 1879 David Livingstone described it as a “shimmering lake, some 80 miles long and 20 wide”.
		Although the lake has shrunk dramatically since that time, it remains an important habitat for birds and wildlife.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/l/la/lake_ngami.php (104 words)

	List of lakes - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Lake Mamry (Jezioro Mamry in Mazury lake district)
		Lake Sniardwy (Jezioro Śniardwy in Mazury lake district)
		Canada has an extremely large number of lakes, estimated close to 32,000 that are 3 km² or greater in size[1], which is probably more than any other country.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/List_of_lakes (491 words)

	Informat.io on Lake Ngami
		Lake Ngami is a lake in Botswana north of the Kalahari Desert.
		In 1879 David Livingstone described it as a "shimmering lake, some 80 miles long and 20 wide".
		Although the lake has shrunk dramatically beginning from 1890, it remains an important habitat for birds and wildlife.
	www.informat.io /?title=Lake_Ngami (95 words)

	NGAMI - Online Information article about NGAMI
		The Okavango is known in its upper course as the Kubango.
		During the rains the marsh is converted into a large lake.
		Livingstone visited Ngami the lake though shallow was of considerable extent.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /NEW_NUM/NGAMI.html (1494 words)

	Birdlife Botswana - Lake Ngami
		Lake Ngami in northwestern Botswana looks set to become the top birding spot in southern Africa for this year and next.
		Lake Ngami is one of Botswana’s 12 Important Bird Areas (IBAs).
		There are no tourist facilities at Lake Ngami, and birdwatchers wishing to camp in the area should be prepared to make a contribution to the local community.
	www.birdlifebotswana.org.bw /conservation/lake_ngami.html (298 words)

	Ngami, Lake - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		NGAMI, LAKE [Ngami, Lake], reedy marsh, c.40 mi (64 km) long and from 4 to 8 mi (6.4-12.9 km) wide, NW Botswana.
		Since the late 1880s, when papyrus growth blocked the mouth of its main tributary, the lake has greatly shrunk in size; it now intermittently receives water from the Cubango River.
		On the dry valleys of the Kalahari: documentary evidence of environmental change in central southern Africa.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-ngami-la.html (214 words)

	Lake Ngami, Botswana Africa Wingshooting - The Detail Company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		However, due to seismic activity in the area and a slight tilting and draining of the Okavango swamp riverbed, the lake is on the rise.
		Lake Ngami is a tremendous bird-shooting venue when conditions are right, and conditions are fantastic.
		It is a shallow lake with an average depth of 8 inches and is a magnificent breeding area for local shore birds.
	www.detailcompany.com /en/cms/?327 (312 words)

	Avian Demography Unit: Lake Ngami 2005
		Optimum environmental conditions at the lake resulted in a proliferation of waterbirds using the lake as a feeding and breeding site, affording a perfect opportunity for such a ringing event.
		Although the lake is only about a third full, the remainder of the lake bed is lush green with vegetation after good early rains.
		Lake Ngami is filled with all sorts of waterbirds, in their thousands, such as herons, egrets, pelicans, ducks, goose, plovers, lapwings, pratincoles etc.
	web.uct.ac.za /depts/stats/adu/travel/lake_ngami_05.htm (595 words)

	African Safari Camp Updates - June 2004
		Lake Ngami is an ephemeral sump, which has a long history of filling and drying.
		It was described by Livingstone in 1879 as being a “shimmering lake, some 80 miles long and 20 wide”.
		At that time it was the headquarters of the Batawana tribe and subsequently became the focus for explorers, adventurers and ivory hunters.
	www.eyesonafrica.net /updates/2004/upd_jun04.htm (1116 words)

	Okavango Article by Gregor Woods
		There is evidence that the lowest levels of the lake, the Makgadikgadi pans, had a substantial amount of water in them as recently as 1500 years ago.
		Credit for the discovery of Lake Ngami in 1849 has generally gone to Dr. David Livingstone, but the truth is, it was a joint effort with William Cotton Oswell, without whom Livingstone could not have made the journey.
		Clearly, the memory of Ngami being a great lake (and perhaps even the memory of the vastly bigger Kalahari lake) had been passed down through the generations of people who had migrated southward, who still believed it lay somewhere to the north.
	www.okavangohouseboats.com /okavangoarticle.htm (2094 words)

	How to construct your fish pond
		Lake Liambezi on the Chobe (Kwando) River - which is shared with Botswana - once supported a productive fishery, but dried out completely in the early 1980s.
		The only natural lakes in the country are a series of about ten coastal lakes along the northeastern coast (effectively the southernmost members of the coastal lake system of Mozambique) and six along the southern coast.
		of Lake Mweru, Lake Bangweulu and Lake Mweru wa Ntipa) and floodplains (Barotse, Kafue, Lukanga Swamp and Luapula).
	www.fao.org /docrep/008/v5345e/V5345E04.htm (1500 words)

	Bibliography of Lake Malawi Biology (with emphasis on fish systematics, ecology, & evolution)
		Eldblom and and Kristensen on a revision of the gastropod genus Melanoides in Lake Malawi
		Vollmer, Weiss, and Bootsma on the ventilation of Lake Malawi
		Higgins, Hecky, and Taylor on epilithic nitrogen fixation in Lake Malawi
	www.malawicichlids.com /mw14001.htm (6330 words)

	Livingstone's 1st Trip (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In 1849, he and one of his friends became the first Europeans to discover Lake Ngami.
		He was nursed back to health in Luanda by the Portuguese, but he would be periodically struck by bouts of the illness for the rest of his life.
		During the trip, Livingstone “discovered” the Zambezi River, the Kebrabasa Rapids, Lake Nyasa, also known as Lake Malawi (they were already known to the local people), and explored the Shire River.
	www.lakesideschool.org /studentweb/worldhistory/modernworld/Livingstones1stTrip2.htm (431 words)

	Auszüge aus dem Buch ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA Livingstone
		With both these objectives in their minds, Livingstone and Oswell made a journey in 1849 across the difficult tract of the Kalahari and reached Lake Ngami and the swamps of the great Okavango river.
		Only past Lake Nyasa he was in unknown territory and back to his old practice of observing everything, mapping and even taking daily records of rainfall, temperature and barometric pressure, a model of scientific exploration.
		He took the difficult route down the east side of Lake Tanganyika so as to complete his survey and found himself entangled in the swampy region of Lake Bangweulu in the middle of the rainy season.
	www.members.aol.com /Kitandililo/buch_britannica1969a.htm (2564 words)

	UniMaps.com - Central Africa explored, map & information - PRINT
		By August 1866 he reaches the southern end of Lake Nyasa and by April the next year he was at the south end of Lake Tanganyika, still searching for the elusive source of the Nile.
		Their intention was to find a great lake said to lie in the heart of Africa and to be the origin of the Nile.
		Speke's conclusion about the lake as a Nile source was rejected by Burton (they had fallen out by this time) and was disputed by many in England, but the RGS which had sponsored the expedition honoured Speke for his discovery.
	unimaps.com /cafrica-explored/print.html (2365 words)

	ANDERSSON, Charles John., Lake Ngami; or, explorations and discoveries, during four years' wanderings in the wilds of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		ANDERSSON, Charles John., Lake Ngami; or, explorations and discoveries, during four years' wanderings in the wilds of South Western Africa.
		Lake Ngami; or, explorations and discoveries, during four years' wanderings in the wilds of South Western Africa.
		The narrative describes two expeditions, one in which the author was accompanied by Francis Galton in the Ovampo country, and the other when he travelled by himself to Lake Ngami.
	www.polybiblio.com /shapero/43523.html (192 words)

	Life of Francis Galton by Karl Pearson Vol 1 : image 296
		After some doubts as to proceeding to Lake Ngami from the Portuguese settlements on the east coast, Galton determined on starting from Walfisch Bay on the west and crossing Damaraland.
		This roughly enabled him to fill in the unknown district between Alexander's west and east line, Livingstone's Lake Ngami work and the Portuguese possessions on the west coast, that is to say the upper half of the present German South-west African colonies.
		The paper which immediately follows this is by Livingstone and Oswell giving an account of their explorations to the north of Lake Ngami.
	galton.org /cgi-bin/searchImages/galton/search/pearson/vol1/pages/vol1_0296.htm (378 words)

	Wilderness Trust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Over the past 20 years, Lake Ngami has been dry for much of the time, but in years of high rainfall, it fills with water, creating a lake of up to 250km2 in size.
		As such Lake Ngami is one of the 12 Important Bird Areas (IBA) in Botswana, as designated by Birdlife International, and a Ramsar site (Wetland of International Importance).
		The aim of the Lake Ngami study, run by BirdLife Botswana, therefore was to obtain data on the birds that live at the Lake during its dry period, to help develop a long-term conservation plan.
	www.wilderness-safaris.com /trust/project_intro.jsp?project_id=19017 (343 words)

	Wingshooting Vacations -- Botswana Wingshooting Lodge Safari
		After the morning’s shoot we drive south and west two hours, through Maun, and on to Lake Ngami, where we settle in to our tented safari camp on the edge of the lake.
		Lake Ngami is fed by the waters of the Okavango Delta marshes but has been drying up for decades and today water is confined to about half of the lake bed.
		The open flood plain around it is flat, with thickets of acacia set in open grassy plains around the lake bed.
	www.orvis.com /detail.asp?subject=109&index=9&dir_id=&cat_id=&group_id= (1715 words)

	phorum - SABirdNet - [SABN] Lake Ngami Update (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The last flooding of the lake was over 20 years ago.
		Lake Ngami, attracting breathtaking numbers of birds, presently lays fair claim to being
		Lake from the Southeast after 10 km on the track and came to the verge =
	www.surfbirds.com /phorum/read.php?f=43&i=3397&t=3397 (1465 words)

	Current Research Projects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Our work in Botswana is at the eastern end of the now-dry Lake Ngami basin that contained a sizeable lake in the late 1800s according to European explorers such as David Livingstone.
		We are examining fluvial and lake sediments in this area in order to develop and record of lake level fluctuations and river activity during the late Quaternary.
		In a related project funded by the National Geographic Society, and in collaboration with Eugene Marais of the Namibian Museum of Natural History, we are examining the characteristics of psamophilous insects on sand surfaces of different age.
	www.uga.edu /osl/research.html (376 words)

	Megaflyover @ National Geographic Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		We decided to camp near where the channel and the lake met because that's where we'd seen a major concentration of birds earlier and there was a patch of brown grass where we could pitch our tents.
		About a mile up the lake we could see smoke in the air, avian smoke that only a few types of birds make like starlings in Europe or the red-billed quelea.
		The roar of the flocks dampened the purr of the Land Rover's diesel and when it went silent we felt as if we were under a torrential waterfall of sound.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /ngm/megaflyover/week9.html (1027 words)

	Birding Botswana, birding in Botswana, birdwatching in Botswana
		This lake is situated at the southernmost corner of the famous Okavango Delta from which it is receiving substantial flood water.
		As recently as the 1970s, before the lake dried up, hundreds of thousands of ducks and thousands of flamingos, pelicans and waders flocked to the nutritious shallow waters of Ngami, making it one of southern Africa's most spectacular birding wetlands.
		As it fills, the Lake is already attracting many aquatic species and in the next few weeks there is every reason to expect the return of the former fabulous variety and quantity of bird species and we will be closely monitoring this exciting phenomenon.
	www.birdingbotswana.com /alert.html (1148 words)

	Cubango — Infoplease.com
		is a swamp (c.5,000 sq mi/12,950 sq km) that occupies a depression that contained a large prehistoric lake.
		The northern part of this swampy area has papyrus growth and is wet throughout the year; the rest of the delta fills with water as the seasonal cycle progresses.
		Lake Ngami - Ngami, Lake Ngami, Lake, reedy marsh, c.40 mi (64 km) long and from 4 to 8 mi (6.4–12.9 km)...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0814196.html (223 words)

	African Sporting Gazette (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		A combination of successive droughts and engineering blunders conspired to shrink Lake Ngami until eventually it went completely dry, and its rivers chokes with blowing sand, raising doubts that it would ever have water again.
		The extraordinarily high water levels this year have once again brought water flowing into the lake, displacing the cattle herders who have used the lush, dry lake bed as pasture for the past 20 years, and once again there are hippos in residence.
		Above: Lake Ngami from the air, as it has not been seen in 20 years.
	www.africansportinggazette.co.za /content/read_article.asp?id=68 (265 words)

	Wilderness Safaris (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Lake Ngami is an ephemeral sump, which has a long history of filling and drying.
		It was described by Livingstone in 1879 as being a “shimmering lake, some 80 miles long and 20 wide”.
		The lake started to dry, forcing the tribe to re-locate to Maun, today the gateway to the Okavango.
	www.wilderness-safaris.com /news/detail.jsp?newsitem_id=6466 (814 words)

	Greatest Places: Notes: Okavango
		The Okavango is the last surviving remnant of the great Lake Makgadikgadi whose waters and associated swamps once covered much of the Middle Kalahari.
		A small channel, the Nghabe River, continues southwest toward Lake Ngami, serving as both inlet and outlet depending on the strength and direction of the annual floods.
		In fact there are 2 groups of outlets: west to Lake Ngami, and south and east to the Makgadikgadi Pan via the Boteti River.
	www.greatestplaces.org /notes/okavango.htm (1239 words)

	Amazon.com: "Lake Ngami": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		I was only ten days distant from the lower part of the Zouga, which passed by the same name as Lake Ngami;* and I might then (in 1842) have discovered that lake, had discovery alone been my object.
		Ngamiland is the part of northwestern Botswana west of the Okavango Delta and north of Lake Ngami,...
		of desiccation in Southern Africa, which is echoed by Wilson (1865), is strongly supported by extensive and detailed descriptions of Lake Ngami and the rest of the Okavango Delta system; these describe major changes in regional hydrology.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Lake-Ngami (339 words)

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