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	Lamarck (1744 - 1829)
		Lamarck's company was left exposed to the direct artillery fire of their enemies, and was quickly reduced to just fourteen men - with no officers.
		Lamarck's theory was not generally accepted in his lifetime, and Cuvier, his colleague at the Museum, appears to have done as much as he could to undermine Lamarck and any ideas about transformism.
		Lamarck's books and the contents of his home were sold at auction, and he was buried in a temporary lime-pit whose remains were exhumed every five years or so, to be piled up in the Paris catacombs, anonymously and without dignity, alongside those of the impoverished, vagrant and unnamed dead.
	www.victorianweb.org /science/lamarck1.html (2297 words)

	Lamarck - MSN Encarta
		While Lamarck's contributions to science include work in meteorology, botany, chemistry, geology, and paleontology, he is best known for his work in invertebrate zoology and his theoretical work on evolution.
		Lamarck's theoretical observations on evolution, referred to as transformism or transmutation in the early 19th century, preceded his extensive observational work on invertebrates.
		According to Lamarck, once nature formed life, the arrangement of all subsequent forms of life was the result of time and environment interacting with the organization of organic beings.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/refarticle.aspx?refid=761557486 (555 words)

	Lamarckism
		Lamarck was the youngest of 11 children of a baron and lieutenant of infantry.
		Lamarck was one of the originators of the modern concept of the museum collection, an array of objects whose arrangement constitutes a classification under institutional sponsorship, maintained and kept up to date by knowledgeable specialists.
		Lamarck feared that science would cease to be a coherent system whereby all men might understand the world and their place in it, becoming instead the confined domain of a few specialists.
	abyss.uoregon.edu /~js/glossary/lamarckism.html (1212 words)

	The Infidels - LaMarck
		Lamarck is however remembered today mainly in connection with a discredited theory of heredity, the "inheritance of acquired traits".
		Lamarck was born in Bazentin-le-Petit, Picardy on August 1, 1744.
		Darwin not only praised Lamarck in the third edition of The Origin of Species for supporting the concept of evolution and bringing it to the attention of others, but also accepted the idea of use and disuse, and developed his theory of pangenesis partially to explain its apparent occurrence.
	www.theinfidels.org /zunb-lamarck.htm (758 words)

	KIE Evidence: Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829)
		Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck was born on August 1, 1744, in the village of Bazentin-le-Petit in the north of France.
		The young Lamarck entered the Jesuit seminary at Amiens around 1756, but not long after his father's death, Lamarck rode off to join the French army campaigning in Germany in the summer of 1761; in his first battle, he distinguished himself for bravery under fire and was promoted to officer.
		Lamarck, who had called for this reorganization, was appointed a professor -- of the natural history of insects and worms (that is, of all invertebrates), a subject he knew nothing about.
	kie.berkeley.edu /ned/data/E01-980501-004/full.html (1198 words)

	Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829)
		Lamarck's scientific theories were largely ignored or attacked during his lifetime; Lamarck never won the acceptance and esteem of his colleagues Buffon and Cuvier, and he died in poverty and obscurity.
		Today, the name of Lamarck is associated merely with a discredited theory of heredity, the "inheritance of acquired traits." However, Charles Darwin, Lyell, Haeckel, and other early evolutionists acknowledged him as a great zoologist and as a forerunner of evolution.
		Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck was born on August 1, 1744, in the village of Bazentin-le-Petit in the north of France.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /history/lamarck.html (1669 words)

	Chevalier de Lamarck Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Lamarck's chemical theories are usually dismissed as the product of unfortunate speculation because they represented the "old chemistry" overturned by Antoine Laurent Lavoisier and the "chemical revolution." However, they provide the key to his conception of nature and are essential features of his theory of evolution.
		Lamarck began his work in chemistry in the 1770s, when the four-element theory of matter (earth, air, fire, water) was still generally accepted in France.
		Lamarck's study of the invertebrates had important influences on the development of his theory of evolution, for the lower invertebrates, representing life in its simplest form, helped him to formulate his ideas on the nature of life.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/chevalier-de-lamarck (1406 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Consistent with his penchant for a spirit of system, Lamarck's evolutionary theory was a broad portrait of how nature produced the different forms of animals, one from another, moving gradually from the simplest to the most complex.
		Lamarck had a curious personal life, of which surprisingly little is known, when compared with other French scientists of the time.
		Lamarck accepted the view that animals in nature were arranged on one continuous natural scale.
	www.lycoszone.com /info/lamarck.html (645 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Lamarck,
		Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de A Dictionary of Zoology...
		Lamarckism The theory of evolution propounded by Lamarck, based on the inheritance of acquired characteristics.
		Lamarck), traits acquired in one generation in response to environmental stimuli may be inherited by the next generation.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Lamarck, (835 words)

	Lamarck Col -- Puite Pass Trip
		The route is not for backpacking newbies -- there is one challenging permanent snowfield to cross at Lamarck Col, and only a vague suggestion of a trail down from the Col to Darwin Lakes, but a fair number of people have used this route before.
		It was a spectacular, clear day and we met a number of people coming out from Labor Day weekend, including one guy with terrible looking wound on his leg.
		There was one place where we couldn't believe the trail appeared to go straight up the side of a steep rocky mountainside.
	www.virtualparks.org /trips/lamarckcol (2421 words)

	Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Summary
		Jean Baptiste Lamarck was born on August 1, 1744, in the village of Bazentin-le-Petit in northern France.
		Lamarck was born in Bazentin-le-Petit in Picardy, north of France, the youngest of 11 children.
		Lamarck's "use and disuse" hypothesis drew increasing fire, and the emerging field of genetics in the 1900s sealed its fate as a false notion.
	www.bookrags.com /Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck (4045 words)

	Early Concepts of Evolution: Jean Baptiste Lamarck
		Lamarck started his scientific career as a botanist, but in 1793 he became one of the founding professors of the Musee National d'Histoire Naturelle as an expert on invertebrates.
		Lamarck was struck by the similarities of many of the animals he studied, and was impressed too by the burgeoning fossil record.
		Lamarck was mocked and attacked by Cuvier and many other naturalists of his day.
	evolution.berkeley.edu /evolibrary/article/0_0_0/history_09 (713 words)

	lamarck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Although Lamarck was not the first person to propose the idea of evolution, he was the first person to propose a method for the working of evolution.
		Lamarck's Principle of use and disuse is generally considered to be on target, but his Principle of inheritance of acquired characteristics is simply not true.
		Lamarck explained the evolution of the long necks of giraffes as having occurred by the stress and strain of reaching their necks high into trees for food.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /llpellegrini/lamarck.html (354 words)

	chronology report
		Jean Baptiste Lamarck was born in the village of Bazentin-le-Petit in northern France on August 1,1744.
		Lamarck was appointed to the professorship of the natural history of insects and worms.
		Lamarck’s theory, or Lamarckism as it is known now, has three major components; constant progression, spontaneous generation, and the theory of acquired traits.
	campus.udayton.edu /~hume/Lamarck/lamarck.htm (2488 words)

	Malaspina Great Books - Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829)
		Lamarck saw spontaneous generation as being ongoing, with the simple organisms thus created being transmuted over time (by his mechanism) becoming more complex and closer to some notional idea of perfection.
		However Lamarck did not count injury or mutilation as a true acquired characteristic, only those which were initiated by the animal's own needs were deemed to be passed on.
		Charles Darwin praised Lamarck in the third edition of The Origin of Species for supporting the concept of evolution and bringing it to the attention of others.
	www.malaspina.org /home.asp?topic=./search/details&lastpage=./search/results&ID=359 (904 words)

	Lamarck & Darwin - World of Biography
		Lamarck cited in support of his theory of evolution, several similar lines of evidence that Darwin was to use in proffering his theory on Origin of Species.
		Lamarck’s Philosophie Zoologique mentions the great variety of animal and plant forms produced under human cultivation, the presence of vestigial organs (non-functional structural organs in many animals) and the presence of embryonic structures that have no counterpart in the adult.
		It is said that Lamarck embraced the inheritance of acquired characteristics, that Darwin rejected it, and this was the crucial difference between the two men and their ideas about evolution.
	www.worldofbiography.com /9100-Lamarck/comparison.htm (489 words)

	A Division of Worms - Jean Baptiste Lamarck's contributions to evolutionary theory - Part One Natural History - Find ...
		Lamarck then published this short discourse in 1801, as the first part of his treatise on invertebrate animals, Systeme des animaux sans vertebres (System of invertebrate animals).
		Lamarck had been an avid shell collector and student of mollusks (then classified within Linnaeus's large and heterogeneous category of Vermes, or worms)--qualifications deemed sufficient for his shift from botany.
		Lamarck fully repaid the confidence invested in his general biological abilities by publishing distinguished works in the taxonomy of invertebrates throughout the remainder of his career, culminating in the seven volumes of his comprehensive Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres (Natural history of invertebrate animals), published between 1815 and 1822.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1134/is_1_108/ai_53682801 (497 words)

	Rocky Road: Lamarck
		Where Lamarck's theory fell short was in his supposition that parents could pass on acquired characteristics, e.g., a longer neck developed by a lifetime of stretching to eat from higher branches.
		Lamarck quickly began reorganizing, and among his many new classifications, he split the group of worms into annelids (such as earthworms) and flatworms (such as tapeworms).
		Lamarck's evolutionary theories raised eyebrows, not only for their religious implications, but also because they could be used as a rallying cry by the lower classes; if life could progress and improve, why couldn't they?
	www.strangescience.net /lamarck.htm (678 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Chevalier de Lamarck
		Lamarck began a "Histoire naturelle des végétaux" (Paris, 1802), as part of the compilation "Suites de Buffon"; Mirbel continued the "Histoire naturelle" from volume III to XV.
		Lamarck had received, in 1789, the position of keeper of the herbarium at the Jardin des Plantes as assistant to Daubenton, but he soon lost it.
		Lamarck, and he had the courage at the age of forty-nine to teach himself zoology.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08753c.htm (940 words)

	Marquis de Lamarck
		The Marquis de Lamarck studied for a time at a Jesuit college, but abandoned that institution when he became a Deist and, after some time in the French Army, which he left on account of illness, Lamarck applied himself instead to science.
		Lamarck was the first man whose conclusions on the subject excited much attention.
		Lamarck's articulation of the theory that organisms evolved from less complex to more complex never caught on with the scientists of his time; but for his notice from some later evolutionists, he might not be remembered at all.
	www.ronaldbrucemeyer.com /rants/0801a-almanac.htm (517 words)

	Jean Baptiste Lemarck
		Jean Baptists Lamarck was a French botanist and invertebrate zoologist who formulated one of the earliest theories of evolution.
		Lamarck accepted the view that animals in nature were arranged on one continuous natural scale.
		In his multi-volume work on invertebrates, Lamarck explains nature as being controlled by three biological laws: environmental influence on organ development, change in body structure based on use and disuse of parts and the inheritance of acquired characteristics.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/information/biography/klmno/lemarck_jean.html (421 words)

	Darwin's precursors and influences: 1. Transmutationism
		Lamarck accepted the then widely-held view of the possibility of the spontaneous generation of new living forms from inanimate matter, which was later disproven by Pasteur in the late nineteenth century.
		Lamarck also held that organs were strengthened in the way they were inherited through use, and weakened through disuse (a view that Darwin also accepted).
		Lamarck has been misunderstood, in the light of later developments, to have thought that change accrued from the intentions, or volitions, of organisms.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/precursors/precurstrans.html (2046 words)

	Lamarck
		If Lamarck was to be shut out by his colleagues as the eighteenth century drew to a close because of his musings about a general physico-chemical system of nature, he would continue to be excluded and derided in the nineteenth century because of his general theories concerning the origin ant development of life.
		Lamarck was clear that the changes induced in any individual organism would be minute, and that, therefore, a great amount of time would be necessary for the species to develop a new characteristic.
		Lamarck was true to the physical and chemical parameters that he had early concluded were the determining ones.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/fgregory/Lamarck.htm (5434 words)

	[No title]
		Lamarck held that there were two causes of evolutionary change: a drive towards perfection, and a capacity of organisms to react to the environment and adapt to the needs of the present situation.
		Mayr says that Lamarck was neither a vitalist nor a teleologist, meaning that he neither held that life was a mysterious non-physical force, nor that it had any goal or direction, contrary to later popular misconceptions.
		What Darwin gained from Lamarck regarding evolution was a view of branching change, although it is likely that he came to these views on his own, initially through his field observations during the voyage of the Beagle and reflections afterwards.
	www.lycos.com /info/lamarck--evolution.html (547 words)

	Lamarck Is Dead!
		Lamarck was born in the village of Bazantin in 1744, educated by the Jesuits at Amiens and decorated as a war hero at Bergenop-Zoom.
		All of Lamarck's endeavors were characterized by a breadth of knowledge, precise detail and a great ability to create systems of classification.
		Lamarck was truly a great man. It is difficult to imagine the growth of natural science without him.
	www.accessexcellence.org /AE/AEPC/WWC/1995/lamrack.html (563 words)

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