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Topic: Lambda phage

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	Phage Lambda Video (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The phage particle attaches to the outer surface of the bacterial cell wall.
		The circularized lambda DNA recombines with the bacterial chromosome.
		Experiment 2: using lambda virulent a mutant of the wild type (normal) lambda virus which is able to somehow ignore the cI protein.
	home.earthlink.net /~dayvdanls/lambdavideo.htm (1510 words)

	Lambda phage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Enterobacteria phage λ (lambda phage) is a temperate bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli.
		Schematic representation of the genome of the bacteriophage lambda.
		Schematic representation of the insertion of the bacteriophage lambda.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lambda_phage (2008 words)

	Lambda - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Goodman and Kruskal's lambda is a statistic which gives the proportional reduction in error when one variable's values are used to predict the values of another variable.
		The configuration of the sutures resembles an upper case lambda, and the suture between each parietal bone and the occipital bone is called the lambdoid suture.
		Lambda is used in art and photography to refer to a digital Type C print or the equipment used to produce it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lambda (809 words)

	Bacteriophage Lecture Notes
		Plaque assay - Lytic phage are enumerated by a plaque assay.
		In most cases the phage DNA actually integrates into the host chromosome and is replicated along with the host chromosome and passed on to the daughter cells.
		The decision for lambda to enter the lytic or lysogenic cycle when it first enters a cell is determined by the concentration of the repressor and another phage protein called cro in the cell.
	pathmicro.med.sc.edu /mayer/phage.htm (1991 words)

	lambda phage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The lambda DNA may behave in a lytic or intemperate manner and enter the lytic cycle; that is to say, phage genes are expressed and phage DNA is replicated to reproduce many phage particles (± 100), which are eventually released by the lysis of the cell induced by the phage.
		With temperate phages, however, the clearing of the culture is only transient and is rapidly overtaken by the reappearance of turbidity, in this case due to the presence of cells in which lysogeny was established; because of their immunity to subsequent lytic infection, the lysogenic bacteria reproduce and thus restore the turbidity.
		Phage particles are mixed with an excess of bacteria in suspension (that is, at a very low multiplicity of infection), so that each phage particle infects a single bacterium (this bacterium is surrounded by numerous uninfected ones).
	www.icampus.ucl.ac.be /SBIM2520/document/genemol/lambda.html (835 words)

	ASM Division M: Bacteriophage Lambda
		Lambda is the major prototype for temperate phage biology, for specialized transduction, and one of the historical prototypes defining the concept of episomes (2).
		More recently, lambda strains were used to refine concepts of how cloning and expression vectors should work, and lambda vectors are still commonly used in the construction of genomic libraries (see, for example, Stratagene's Lambda gt11 Vector listing), and the cohesive ends of the lambda genome (cos sites) are used in the construction of cosmids.
		Lambda and its genes continue to be used in the development of new recombinant DNA technology.
	www.asm.org /division/m/fax/LamFax.html (785 words)

	Conferred susceptibility to lambda phage in non-coliform procaryotic hosts - Patent 4784952
		Lambda phage infection, on the other hand, provides nearly 100% DNA transfer efficiency into the cell--i.e., virtually all of the available DNA molecules which are packed into phage succeed in entering the cells.
		Cells and absorbed lambda particles were removed by centrifugation, and the unadsorbed phage in the supernatant counted by liquid scintillation.
		A phage resistant (.lambda..sup.R) strain of E. coli derived from HB101, designated ECG1, was selected by growth of the HB101 parent strain on maltose deficient media, and screening for cultures capable of acquiring tetracycline resistance by transduction with the lambda phage packaged plasmid pN4 which contains the tetracycline resistance gene.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4784952.html (5826 words)

	Bacteriophages
		In these phages, the secondary structure of the single-stranded RNA phage genome regulates both the quantities of different phage proteins which are translated, but in addition, also operates temporal control of a switch in the ratios between the different proteins produced in infected cells.
		Lambda was discovered at the Pasteur Institute by Andre Lwoff (who later helped to initiate the idea of operons in bacteria) when he observed that some strains of E.coli, when irradiated with ultraviolet light, stopped growing and subsequently lysed, releasing a crop of bacteriophage particles.
		Since the phage DNA is packaged inside the core of the helical particle, the length of the particle is dependent on the length of the genome.
	www.microbiologybytes.com /virology/Phages.html (2892 words)

	Lysogeny
		Either they are lysogens and prevent superinfecting phage from lysing due to repression of the lytic cycle of the entering phage by repressor produced by the resident prophage (a phenomenon called "superinfection immunity").
		Phage L5 is a temperate phage (forms turbid plaques) and phage 29 is a lytic phage (forms clear plaques).
		Because phage recognize specific receptors on the cell surface of their bacterial host, testing for sensitivity to a battery of phage is a simple, effective way of identifying particular strains of bacteria.
	www.sci.sdsu.edu /~smaloy/MicrobialGenetics/problems/phage/lysogeny (2631 words)

	Titre of a Lambda GT10 Phage Stock
		Lambda GT10 is a genetically engineered version of the wild type lambda virus.
		Second, lambda GT10 has been modified to only use the lytic cycle when it is grown in an appropriate host.
		This experiment is performed by adding phage to E. coli and then plating the E. coli by a pour plating technique (using soft LB media agar).
	faculty.plattsburgh.edu /donald.slish/lambdatitre.html (1025 words)

	Vector description & restriction map: Phage Lambda
		In the lytic pathway, phage genes encoding replication, lysis and virion proteins are expressed.
		In the lysogenic pathway, phage gene expression is repressed, and the circular chromosome inserts into the bacterial chromosome by recombination.
		Phage lambda DNA is a common substrate for restriction enzymes and for generating DNA size marker fragments.
	www.fermentas.com /techinfo/nucleicacids/maplambda.htm (278 words)

	Bacteriophage Lambda - Infection & Immunity
		In the case of bacteriophage lambda, however, the appearance of the plaques is informative.
		Immunity in bacteriophage lambda (and related bacteriophages) is conferred by a short and specific region of the bacteriophage chromosome.
		Different bacteriophage lambda containing the immunity regions of related lambdoid phage were very useful in the genetic studies of the immunity region.
	www.mun.ca /biochem/courses/4103/topics/Lambda/Lambda_immunity.html (1268 words)

	Lambda bio
		Because lambda is packaged by a headful mechanism, specialized transducing phage that carry a small region of the bacterial chromosome lack a corresponding amount of phage DNA.
		The phage DNA that is missing corresponds to the opposite side ofthe prophage genome.
		Phage that carry the gal genes located on the left side of the prophage lack the phage genes required for lytic functions (e.g.
	www.sci.sdsu.edu /~smaloy/MicrobialGenetics/topics/phage/lambda-bio.html (322 words)

	SDSATC Lambda DNA Prep
		Lambda DNA prepared from agar plates may not be digestible by restriction enzymes because of the presence of inhibitors that have leeched from the agar.
		The kinetics of lambda attachment to its receptor are fairly slow; the 20 min incubation allows time for this reaction to occur.
		The general correlation is that phage that pro duce small plaques tend to yield stocks below 105 pfu per µl; phage that produce (relatively) large plaques tend to yield stocks over 10 6 pfu per µl; but the correlation is not absolute.
	sequence-www.stanford.edu /protocols/lambdaDNAprep.html (3197 words)

	Biocompare - Product Literature Center
		Stratagene’s family of Lambda ZAP vectors is designed to simplify the construction of high-titer cDNA libraries and the characterization of inserted DNA.
		The titer of the amplified library in the Lambda ZAP-CMV vector remained constant upon storage at 4ºC, -80ºC, and in the presence of 7% DMSO.
		Stratagene’s Lambda ZAP vectors are designed for simplified construction of high-titer cDNA libraries, combined with the capability for excision and recircularization of cloned insert DNA from lambda phage.
	www.biocompare.com /techart.asp?id=126 (1046 words)

	Phage_titer
		Lambda phage is a commonly used vector for transgenes.
		These libraries are also easy to sort through, as lambda phage clones are particularly easy to array spatially at high density.
		This procedure is used to isolate pure populations of phage from a single plaque or provide the titer of a phage stock.
	a32.lehman.cuny.edu /molbio_course/titer.htm (533 words)

	Phage Genetics \| World of Microbiology and Immunology
		Lambda is the prototype of a group of phages that are able to infect a cell and redirect the cell to become a factory for the production of new virus particles.
		Lambda and other phages, which can establish lytic or lysogenic cycles, are called temperate phages.
		Analysis of the genetics of phage activity is routinely accomplished using a plaque assay.
	www.bookrags.com /research/phage-genetics-wmi (627 words)

	[No title]
		Once a high titre lysate of lambda has been obtained, the particles are concentrated by polyethylene glycol precipitation and CsCl gradient centrifugation, and the DNA extracted using the formamide extraction technique.
		The phage tail fibres bind to the lamB (maltose binding protein) receptor, which is induced by maltose in the growth medium, but catabolite repressed by glucose.
		Since the phage are in contact with cell debris containing phage receptors for extended periods of time, loss of titer by adsorption to cell debris is the biggest problem.
	www.tcd.ie /Genetics/staff/Miguel_DeArce_GE3020/Experiment4.doc (1288 words)

	Bacteriophage Lambda - Overview
		Or, the phage can infect the cell and enter a dormant phase within the cell in which the phage is present but its genes are generally not being expressed.
		It was difficult to know whether the sudden appearance of phage in bacterial cultures was due to some contaminant in the cultures or due to some intrinsic but unknown part of the bacteria themselves.
		Late replication of bacteriophage lambda is designed to produce many copies of the genome in a form suitable for packaging into new phage capsids.
	www.mun.ca /biochem/courses/4103/topics/Lambda/Lambda.html (701 words)

	Lambda phage - definition from Biology-Online.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Its structure is similar to that of the t even phages.
		lambda genetic material consists of a double-stranded dna molecule with 5' twelve-base-pair sticky ends, known as cos sites, which permit circularisation of the dna molecule.
		It shows a lytic cycle and a lysogenic cycle and studies on the control of these alternative cycles have been very important for our understanding of the regulation of gene transcription.
	www.biology-online.org /dictionary/Lambda_phage (185 words)

	Bacteriophage lambda, EC934, and EC861 evolutionary study in E. coli K12
		In analyzing the competition of different phages, it is necessary to maximize the number of cells which are of interest, i.e.
		When the EC861 phage and the EC934 phage were infecting together, the EC861 had a higher PFU while the EC934 had a lower PFU.
		The phage, which evolved most recently, was actually the least effective, and the older phages were more effective.
	www.jayarams.com /project967.html (1465 words)

	MCDB 2150 -- Lecture 15
		Lambda phage vectors: The life cycle of bacteriophage lambda was described on pages 202-205 and control over the choice between lysis and lysogeny was described on pages 233-237 (which we skipped over this year).
		Lambda phage vectors of this sort are sometimes called Charon vectors, a reference to Greek mythology, in which the boatman Charon ferries the souls of the dead across the River Styx.
		These highly engineered vectors are a sort of cross between a plasmid and a lambda phage and are capable of carrying 30-46 kb of foreign genes with only a little genetic material of their own (figure 9.13).
	www.colorado.edu /MCDB/MCDB2150Fall/notes00/L0015.html (3082 words)

	Lambda Phage Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Lambda phage attacks the E. Coli virus by attaching itself to the outside of the bacteria and injecting its DNA.
		If lytic growth is chosen, rapid replication of the phage occurs until the host is filled with new phages and bursts, allowing the phages to spread and infect new bacteria.
		Below is a series of graphs generated by a matlab program that models the gene network controlling the lambda phage lysis/lysogeny choice and demonstrates how the various gene products vary over time depending on the relative rate of growth for cro.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~jtalmes/phage.html (698 words)

	Biology 572: Temperate bacteriophage methods
		As we learned in the previous lecture, the nature of immunity was discovered through the isolation of "clear mutants" of lambda that were unable to enter a lysogenic state.
		We may therefore grow a lambda phage carrying cI857 as a lysogen at low temperature, then induce lytic growth by simply moving it to a warmer incubator.
		The packaged lambda phage can then immediately be combined with E. coli, to introduce the recombinant phage vector efficiently into cells.
	escience.ws /b572/L16a/L16a.htm (2010 words)

	Molecular Biology Vector Sequence Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		E. coli phage vector M13tg103 - incomplete, 5' end of lacZ gene.
		E. coli phage vector M13tg114 - incomplete, 5' end of lacZ gene.
		E. coli phage vector M13tg115 - incomplete, 5' end of lacZ gene.
	seq.yeastgenome.org /vectordb/vector_pages/Phage.html (716 words)

	Journal of Nanobiotechnology \| Full text \| Nanopores: maltoporin channel as a sensor for maltodextrin and lambda-phage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The bacteriophage Lambda is a virus recognizing Maltoporin at the outer cell surface [12].
		Recently, gpJ, a protein in the phage terminal was identified to be involved in the Maltoporin recognition process [13].
		Wang J, Hofnung M, Charbit A: The C-terminal portion of the tail fiber protein of bacteriophage lambda is responsible for binding to LamB, its receptor at the surface of Escherichia coli K-12.
	www.jnanobiotechnology.com /content/3/1/3 (2428 words)

	Day 6 AM
		Lambda DNA is linear and is therefore less stable than circular plasmid DNA.
		In contrast the lambda vector has about 39 kbp of DNA so the yield is 10x lower.
		Purify DNA from lambda phage via phenol-chisam extraction and then remove solvents via drop dialysis or ethanol precipitation.
	www.wsrcc.com /alison/nebmbp/day6am.html (834 words)

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