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Topic: Lambda point

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	Liquid helium, superfluidity
		When helium is cooled to a critical temperature of 2.17 K (called its lambda point), a remarkable discontinuity in heat capacity occurs, the liquid density drops, and a fraction of the liquid becomes a zero viscosity "superfluid".
		A remarkable transition occurs in the properties of liquid helium at the temperature 2.17 K, called the "lambda point" for helium.
		When helium is cooled to a critical temperature of 2.17 K, a remarkable discontinuity in heat capacity occurs, the liquid density drops, and a fraction of the liquid becomes a zero viscosity "superfluid".
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/lhel.html (386 words)

	Fixed-point theorem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Banach fixed point theorem gives a general criterion guaranteeing that, if it is satisfied, the procedure of iterating a function yields a fixed point.
		Every lambda expression has a fixed point, and a fixed point combinator is a "function" which takes as input a lambda expression and produces as output a fixed point of that expression.
		Every closure operator on a poset has many fixed points; these are the "closed elements" with respect to the closure operator, and they are the main reason the closure operator was defined in the first place.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fixed-point_theorem (438 words)

	A proposal to add lambda
		Lambda objects created by different code are not required to be assignable or to have the same layout, even if they return values of the same type and their arguments have same types.
		Lambda classes should have the linkage of the enclosing function (or of the class if the lambda is defined in a class constructor or destructor, or in the member initialiser in the constructor), or of the variable being initialised if lambda class is defined in a simple-declaration in the namespace scope.
		Lambda object may outlive local variables used by that lambda object and once these variables are destroyed and their storage is released, even an existence of a lambda function which refers to them results in undefined behaviour.
	val.samko.info /lambda/lambda_proposal_doc.html (3608 words)

	Tic-Tac-Toe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		In the previous chapter, we saw that in a graph game, our first point had to be on two collections of blocks so that if our opponent plays on one collection, we can still move to the other one.
		When however, the situation is very complex and there are many blocks per point (as is often the case when lambda is greater than 1) it can very well happen that our opponent threatens on many fewer blocks than we do so that his chance of finding a winning lead is decreased.
		From a strategic point of view, the value of such a covering is not clear as it can not be obtained without also being a win.
	vsg.cape.com /~pbaum/ttt/ch5.htm (1107 words)

	[No title]
		The radius of a ;; polygon is the distance from a vertex to its center.
		(define figure->painter (lambda (figure) (image->painter (figure->image figure)))) ;; (frame-coord-map frame) returns a coordinate mapping (i.e., a ;; FUNCTION from points to points) that maps points from the unit ;; square having coordinates between 0 and 1 to points inside the ;; given frame.
		It uses the frame-coord-map procedure ;; to create a coordinate mapping based on the given frame which ;; maps points in the unit square (having coordinates in the range ;; 0-1) to points inside the frame (having coordinates in the ;; range of the screen).
	www.cs.swarthmore.edu /~meeden/cs22/s03/hw05-code (1570 words)

	Dynamical Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		f(0) = (lambda)* 0(1 - 0) = 0 and thus is a fixed point*.
		At 3 the slope at the fixed point is still -.9999 so its still clinging to the range between -1 and 1.
		When the orbit diagram suddenly turns upward at lambda = 1, this is showing that as labmda increases there are other fixed points other than 0.
	www.geom.uiuc.edu /~revak/ds5.html (196 words)

	Fundamental Physics of Space - Technical Details
		The Lambda Point Experiment (LPE) flew aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-52) in 1992 with the U.S. Microgravity Payload (USMP-1) mission.
		The lambda transition of liquid helium, where supercooled helium transforms from a normal fluid into a superfluid, is an example of a cooperative phase transition.
		The lambda name came from the shape of helium's specific heat curve near the transition point, which is similar to the Greek letter lambda.
	funphysics.jpl.nasa.gov /technical/ltcmp/lpe.html (336 words)

	[No title]
		The metric on [[Lambda]] is the usual distance x-y; it is equipped with the relative topology as a subset of R. Exercise V.1.
		The invariant set [[Lambda]] for both directions is therefore a product of CANTOR sets: both the x- coördinate and the y- coördinate of a point in [[Lambda]] must belong to the appropriate CANTOR set.
		Since the cat map is invertible, we also follow the backwards itinerary of a point, and associate with it a doubly infinite sequence of symbols 1,2,3, on which the dynamics is equivalent to a shift.
	www.mathphysics.com /dynam/ch5c.html (2481 words)

	Lambda calculus
		The lambda calculus was invented by Alonzo Church in the 1930s to study the interaction of functional abstraction and function application from an abstract, purely mathematical point of view.
		In the lambda calculus, a reduction rule can be performed at any time to any subterm of a lambda term at which the rule is applicable.
		The idea is to encode the number n as a lambda term n representing a function that takes another function f as input and produces the n-fold composition of f with itself.
	www.cs.unc.edu /~stotts/COMP204/Lambda/overview.html (1423 words)

	Procedures as General Methods
		When we reach a point where the interval is small enough, the process stops.
		We assume that we are initially given the function f together with points at which its values are negative and positive.
		If the function has the same sign on the two given points, the half-interval method cannot be used, in which case the procedure signals an error.
	mitpress.mit.edu /sicp/full-text/sicp/book/node24.html (1338 words)

	[No title]
		Lambda – An expression which contains code and refers to certain variables, which is not evaluated immediately, and can be passed to functions which will evaluate it when needed, or stored to be evaluated in the future.
		Lambda bound values initialiser – Declaration and definition of variables which are contained in a lambda object, copy constructed when the lambda object is constructed or copy constructed.
		Therefore, the problems associated with lambda functions in the absence of GC should not stop the introduction of the lambda functions in C++, as is it very unlikely that such a GC (even for local variables on the heap) will be introduced in C++ in a foreseeable future.
	val.samko.info /lambda/lambda_proposal.html (4988 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		;; (define make-polyline ;; (lambda (points) ;; Exercise 4 ;; make-polygon takes a list of vertex points and returns a ;; figure in which the points are connected together by segments ;; in a closed circuit.
		;; (define make-polygon ;; (lambda (vertices) ;; Exercise 5 ;; shift-figure takes a figure and a dx and a dy and creates a new ;; figure where every point in the original figure is shifted by ;; these amounts.
		;; (define shift-figure ;; (lambda (figure dx dy) ;; Exercise 6 ;; animate-figure takes a figure, a dx, a dy, a number, and a delay and ;; will create an animation that draws the figure, delays for the given ;; time period, erases the figure, shifts the figure, and repeats this ;; process n times.
	www.cs.swarthmore.edu /~meeden/cs22/s03/hw04-code (599 words)

	Barendregt: Lambda Calculus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		In a lambda term MN, the occurrence of the subterm M is active and the occurrence of the subterm N is passive.
		Other fixed point theorems include the multiple fixed point theorem (which proves the existence of a vector of combinators which map vectors of length n to their components) and the second fixed point theorem giving F with F'X' = X forall X (where 'X' is the numeral of the Godel number of X).
		The lambda-I calculus corresponds to the combinatory logic with primitive combinators I, B, C, and S. For each lambda term M, we may construct the Bohm tree BT(M) of M. This tree may be infinite.
	www.andrew.cmu.edu /user/cebrown/notes/barendregt.html (21701 words)

	Feynman's Theory of Superfluid Helium
		This, unfortunately, is not the observed second-order the lambda point transition.
		While above the lambda point this flow viscosity is the same as the one for the coaxial cylinders.
		The wave function psi(x,t) at a given point event (x,t) in configuration space x at time t is a sum of all contributions of retarded amplitudes from all paths that come from the past and end at the given point event.
	www.qedcorp.com /pcr/pcr/feynman/superflu.html (4091 words)

	7.12 Poor Man's Object-oriented Programming
		A point encapsulates cartesian coordinates and it can be moved.
		point is set up with x and y coordinates which are stored in a list as part of the object:
		This illustrates a very important point about searching for methods (which is true for Java as well).
	www.cs.rit.edu /~ats/plcr-2003-1/html/skript-47.html (820 words)

	[No title]
		This accompiled ;; with a single monitor: all entry points into the code use ;; `entry-point' or `as-entry', and all points with this code that ;; call back out to user code uses `as-exit'.
		(lambda (new-dim current-dim) (or (= new-dim current-dim) (= new-dim -1)))) ;; list-diff: computes the difference between two lists ;; input: l1, l2: two lists ;; returns: a list of all elements in l1 which are not in l2.
		[delete-child (lambda (child) (unless (memq child children) (raise-mismatch-error 'delete-child "not a child of this container or child is not active: " (wx->proxy child))) (change-children (lambda (child-list) (remq child child-list))))] ; get-children-info: returns children info list, recomputing it ; if needed.
	www.bath.ac.uk /~masjap/plt/collects/mred/mred.ss (8217 words)

	Laetsch, Theodore Willis (1968-05-21) Eigenvalue problems for positive monotonic nonlinear operators. ...
		The determination of the set [Lambda] of values of [lambda] for which a family of operators {A[subscript lambda]} on a real, partially-ordered Banach space has positive fixed points and the description of the behavior of the fixed points as functions of [lambda] are considered.
		It is shown that [Lambda] is an interval, that for each [lambda] the operator A[subscript lambda] has a smallest positive fixed point u[?]([lambda]), and that u[?]([lambda]) is an increasing function of [lambda] which is continuous from the left in -[lambda].
		When sup [Lambda][...][Lambda] and A[subscript lambda]u satisfies certain differentiability conditions, the behavior of u[...]([lambda]) for near sup [Lambda] is described and the existence of a second positive fixed point for [lambda] near sup [Lambda] is proved.
	etd.caltech.edu /etd/available/etd-09252002-110658 (342 words)

	Sketchy LISP - C3 S4
		At each of these points, the process can be split into a past and a future.
		The future of a computation is also called its continuation, and the continuation of the current point in the process of an evaluation is called the current continuation.
		Because it captures the complete future of a point in an evaluation, it can be applied any number of times, which opens the door to a whole load of brain-twisting puzzles.
	www.t3x.org /sketchy/vol1/sl20.html (1925 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		A digit is printed to the left of the ;; decimal point even if the real number is between -1 and +1.
		This condition is always satisfied if ;; the field-width is non-positive, so the programmer can supply a ;; field-width of, say, 0 to ensure that the numeral occupies the least ;; possible number of columns.
		NUMERAL procedure, which takes a real number and the number of ;; decimal places that are supposed to be visible and returns the string ;; denoting the appropriately rounded value.
	www.math.grin.edu /courses/Scheme/spring-1997/write-real.ss (1406 words)

	[No title]
		(defun openpoints (board) (set-difference points (append (car board) (cadr board)))) ; Determine whether a point is in a human mill in the board.
		(defun isin_human_mill (board point) ; Use the fact that each point is in two mills (let ((twomills (get point 'mills)) (stones (humans_stones board))) (or (subsetp (car twomills) stones) (subsetp (cadr twomills) stones)))) ; Determine whether a point is in a computer mill.
		(defun nextboards_add_1_computer_check_mills (board point) (let ((newboard (put_computer_stone_phase1 board point))) (if (isin_computer_mill newboard point) (nextboards_remove_1_human_stone newboard) (list newboard)))) ; List of valid moves from a given point (defun moves_from(board point) (intersection (cdr (assoc point slides)) (openpoints board))) ; Board resulting from a human move in phase 2.
	www.csm.astate.edu /~rossa/cs4-5483/ninemensmorris.lsp (970 words)

	NIST Thermophysical Properties of Pure Fluids - User's Guide - Appendix D
		Because two variables are needed to define the state point of a pure fluid, the program prompts the user to enter the desired independent variables.
		If the input parameters lead to a point in the single-phase region, one line of output will be printed for each specified state point.
		If the input parameters lead to a point within the two-phase region (corresponding to a combination of liquid and vapor phases), three output lines are printed, first for saturated liquid properties, then for the bulk properties, and finally for vapor properties.
	www.nist.gov /srd/WebGuide/nist12v5/Appd.htm (1186 words)

	Lambda Negative Resistance Dip Meter
		To detect a dip in the oscillation level, the output voltage across the tuned circuit is monitored using a detector circuit which converts the RF voltage to a direct current to actuate a micro-amp meter or milli-amp meter.
		As pointed out earlier, the oscillator will work provided the shunt resistance of the resonant tuned circuit is somewhat greater than the negative resistance value of 600 ohms.
		Tag pins connected with short straps to the lambda FET stage, and at the edge of the board, were soldered directly to the RCA socket mounted on the dip meter box housing.
	www4.tpgi.com.au /users/ldbutler/NegResDipMeter.htm (3367 words)

	Superfluid Helium
		At the lambda point transition it is observed to become quiescent, and the super fluid state is achieved.
		Note that the point source is the best light to use for both the creep effect and the fountain effect.
		The point source is used as a back light, as shown in the photos.
	www.physics.brown.edu /physics/demopages/Demo/modern/demo/7a7050.htm (428 words)

	Lambda Negative Resistance Dip Meter
		To set the correct operating point, the lambda circuit supply is adjusted to 4 V with trimpot RVI.
		As pointed out earlier, the oscillator will work provided the shunt resistance of the resonant tuned circuit is somewhat greater than the negative resistance value of 600 ohms.
		Tag pins connected with short straps to the lambda FET stage, and at the edge of the board, were soldered directly to the RCA socket mounted on the dip meter box housing.
	users.tpg.com.au /users/ldbutler/NegResDipMeter.htm (3367 words)

	[No title]
		%% %% 1 point %% answer: (g 3) ----> (+ 1 (f (g 3))) (f (g 3)) ----> (+ 1 0) ==> 1 1 %%the interpreter doesn't try to eval (g 3) when it's an argument to f, %%not until it looks at the body of f.
		%% 2 points if you didn't follow the hint, but instead at least recognized %% that you wanted to check if the intersection and union were equal.
		%% 4 points if you had the procedures rights, but the (and) call wrong, or mis-used the lambda invocation, %% but knew you needed one.
	www.cs.berkeley.edu /~phoebusc/teaching/cs61a/handouts/Midterm1/mt1_su01_sol.txt (2038 words)

	LAMBDA - IRAS Point Source Catalog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		This is a catalog of 245,889 well-confirmed point sources, i.e., sources with angular extents less than approximately 0.5', 0.5', 1.0', and 2.0' in the in-scan direction at 12, 25, 60, and 100 microns, respectively.
		Away from confused regions of the sky, the survey is complete to about 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 1.0 Jy at 12, 25, 60, and 100 microns (cf.
		The processing steps applied to detect and confirm point sources, and the positional and photometric error analyses are described in the Explanatory Supplement.
	lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov /product/iras/point_s_catalog.cfm (202 words)

	Epsilon Lambda Home Page
		Epsilon Lambda was the world's first commercial manufacturer of collision warning subsystems when the entire fleet of 1,700 Greyhound buses were equipped with our hardware in 1992.
		Epsilon Lambda is also able to provide high quality Gunn oscillators as well as a strong selection of waveguide components.
		Epsilon Lambda continues to be a technology innovator and will pioneer the production effort which meets the demand for very low cost subsystem assemblies.
	www.epsilonlambda.com (1385 words)

	The Monad.Reader \| Lambda the Ultimate
		The "guaranteed type-safe in production" point is just not as big a deal in practice, much of the time, as many of its proponents would like to believe — other than from a marketing perspective, where it's a very effective hook which plays to a desire for perfection.
		This is an excellent point, and it's why type-aware programming in dynamically-checked languages often involves commenting procedures with their types (obviously not an ideal solution), or more rigorously, using an assertion or contract mechanism (like Contracts for Higher-Order Functions) to encode the types in the program (typically at the module level).
		Static Typing for a Faulty Lambda Calculus provides an automatic conversion from the lambda calculus to a fault tolerant lambda calculus which is resistant to random bit flips.
	lambda-the-ultimate.org /node/2216 (13856 words)

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