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Topic: Lamellar structure

	Bone Structure
		In this section, we illustrate the anatomy and structure of bone tissue as the basis for studying tissue structure function and mechanically mediated tissue adaptation.
		Lamellar bone, which is found in plexiform, primary osteonal, and secondary osteonal bone, is laid down in a more organized fashion (as seen in the picture above) and constrasts very clearly to the woven bone above..
		Jee (1983) denotes the trabecular packet as the basic structural unit of trabecular bone based on the fact that it is the basic remodeling unit of trabecular bone just as the osteon is the basic remodeling unit of cortical bone).
	www.engin.umich.edu /class/bme456/bonestructure/bonestructure.htm (4608 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		The as cast columnar lamellar structure, as well as the bulk B2 phase and silicides, formed during solidification, complicate the analysis.
		As such, a full solution treatment in the{alpha} phase field was applied to the as cast material to produce an equiaxed fully lamellar structure without the bulk B2 phase and silicides.
		This lamellar structure was used as the starting microstructure to investigate precipitation hardening of the fully lamellar structure.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=691316 (247 words)

	Dr. Steve Weiner. Biomineralization Examples of Recent stadies
		As this material reveals no regular structure, we suggest that at least prior to mineralization the silk is in the form of a hydrated gel.
		It is therefore proposed that the lamellar structure is multi-functional - the "concrete" of the bone family of materials.
		A comparison of the elastic and ultimate properties of parallel arrays of lamellar units formed in primary bone, with cylindrically shaped osteonal structures in secondary formed bone, shows that most of the intrinsic mechanical properties are built into the lamellar structure.
	www.weizmann.ac.il /sb/faculty_pages/Weiner/bstadies.shtml (1012 words)

	Abstract View (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In a semi-crystalline polymer, the crystalline lamellar regions are bridged together by inter-lamellar amorphous layers, which act as a loading transfer medium.
		In this work we adopted a continuous mechanic approach (neglecting atomic/molecular interactions) of the lamellar deformation of semi-crystalline polymers in the sense that we simulated the mechanical response of a lamellar structure (two lamellae interconnected by amorphous regions) in a finite element analysis.
		The thickness of the crystalline lamellae is evidenced as the most significant factor affecting the tensile response of the lamellar structure, followed by the mechanical behaviour of the amorphous phase.
	www.e-polymers.org /abstract.cfm?abstract_id=770 (235 words)

	Plasticity
		Lamellar structures consisting of lamellae of differing slip occur at the later stages of deformation.
		The non-positivity may arise either due to the non-positivity of some hardening coefficients or in the case of double or multi slip due to anisotropy of the hardening matrix.
		Three types of microstructure are analyzed: a vein (tangle) dipolar structure in metal crystals deformed by single slip, a lamellar structure in the case of single slip formed by shear or kink bands, and a lamellar structure in the case of double slip formed by misoriented cells.
	www.maths.warwick.ac.uk /~theil/Workshops/Abstracts.html (1105 words)

	Publications
		It is found that the formation and evolution of the lamellar structure are predominantly controlled by the minimization of the elastic energy of the interfaces between the different fcc stacking groups, low-symmetry product phase gamma and the high-symmetry alpha-phase, as well as between the various orientation variants of the product phase.
		In this explanation, the size at which the maximum occurs is related to the structure of the void space of the water; at the mobility maximum, the diffusant passes smoothly through necks connecting voids, and its potential energy shows minimum fluctuations.
		The structure and dynamics of the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate is studied by molecular dynamics simulations.
	titus.phy.qub.ac.uk /publications/pubs.php (11166 words)

	Structure and Properties of Iron-Carbide Multilayers
		Their structure will be varied both in terms of layer spacing, carbide proportion, and carbide composition.
		The objective is to understand the relationship between structure, constitution, and mechanical properties in order to optimize the latter for thin films and coatings.
		lamellar) periodicity is the primary experimental variable, but other avenues to be pursued include the proportion of the carbide phase and the carbide composition itself.
	alumnus.caltech.edu /~rchin/research/research.html (2118 words)

	Polymorphism of DNA-anionic liposome complexes reveals hierarchy of ion-mediated interactions -- Liang et al. 102 (32): ...
		in AL–DNA structure is caused primarily by a cation-induced
		The AL–DNA complexes change from a DNA–ion–membrane lamellar structure (curve 1) to an ion-membrane lamellar structure (curve 2) as the ion concentration is decreased.
		from a hexagonal structure with lattice parameter a = 74.0 Å.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/102/32/11173 (4170 words)

	HOPG - Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite - SPI Supplies
		Graphite in general and HOPG in particular are described as consisting of a lamellar structure, like mica, molybdenum disulfide and other layered materials that are composed of stacked planes.
		All of these examples of lamellar structures have much stronger forces within the lateral planes than between the planes, thus explaining the characteristic cleaving properties of all of these materials.
		The structure is strictly columnar, that is, the columns run vertically within the flat slab of the material.
	www.2spi.com /catalog/outlet/hopgsub_discountinued.shtml (1529 words)

	Organization of Skin Stratum Corneum Extracellular Lamellae: Diffraction Evidence for Asymmetric Distribution of ...
		Lamellar structures formed by stratum corneum lipids in vitro: a deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study.
		Franks, N. Structural analysis of hydrated egg lecithin and cholesterol bilayers I. X-ray diffraction.
		Structure and polymorphism of the hydrocarbon chains of lipids: a study of lecithin-water phases.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/85/3/1675 (4278 words)

	DermoTopics \|
		DMS-cream has a lamellar structure, similar to the natural lipid barrier structure of skin (illustration 1), unlike conventional o/w- and w/o-emulsions.
		The production of this lamellar structure is based on a special hightech-production procedure, employing high-grade and cost-intensive ingredients.
		In a study comprising 20 female participants between the ages of 25 and 58 years a comparison was made between the reaction of the new preparation with derma-membrane structure and conventional topical preparations relating to important physiological skin parameters.
	www.dermotopics.de /english/issue_1_01_e/dmscream0101_e.htm (764 words)

	Met and Mat Trans Abstracts A: March 1998
		Long-term exposure at high temperatures has been used to assess the thermal stability of some of the structures generated through the different processing routes, and it has been found that the (gamma and alpha 2) lamellar structures, in some of the alloys, are unstable at 700°C, a likely operating temperature.
		For the 0.4 to 1.4 pct C alloys, the carbide spacing was sufficient to determine erosion rate, whereas, for the 0.2 pct C alloys, ferrite grain size became the controlling structure.
		Structure and elementary composition development of zirconia ceramics caused by reaction with manganese were examined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), and an X-ray diffractometer (XRD).
	www.tms.org /pubs/journals/MT/A/9803/abstracts-9803.3A.html (4549 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: Meisenkothen, Frederick
		A transformation mechanism from the supersaturated alpha2 to the ultra-fine lamellar structure, via nucleation and glide of dislocation loops is proposed.
		Consideration is also given to the question of whether or not these ultra-fine lamellar structures can aid slip transmission between the two phases.
		The gettering of interstitial contaminants, by the alpha2 laths in fully lamellar TiAl based alloys, has been shown to be responsible for the enhanced slip activity observed in the gamma laths of these alloys.
	www.ohiolink.edu /etd/view.cgi?osu1040673861 (396 words)

	Solid Lubricants
		In the form of dry powder these materials are effective lubricant additives due to their lamellar structure.
		The lamellar structure orient parallel to the sliding surface resulting in high bearing-load combined with a low shear stress.
		Graphite is structurally composed of planes of polycyclic carbon atoms that are hexagonal in orientation.
	www.tribology-abc.com /abc/solidlub.htm (1090 words)

	Bilayers of Nucleosome Core Particles -- Leforestier et al. 81 (4): 2414 -- Biophysical Journal
		The bilayer structure is best visualized when the columns are oriented perpendicular (some regions of b and c) or parallel (d) to the observation plane.
		To investigate the bulk structure of the lamellar phase, drops of the solution were vitrified by projection against a copper
		Widom, J. Structure, dynamics and function of chromatin in vitro.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/81/4/2414 (3877 words)

	[No title]
		Lamellar metal powders are produced by means of a dry working process using atomized powder as raw material.
		The manufacture of lamellar powders is not a mere milling but a sophisticated, high-tech conversion/reshaping process.
		Hence, the manufacture of copper or aluminium powders of lamellar structure from powders of nonlamellar structure is considered to be a substantial transformation.
	www.dft.moc.go.th /eng/Origin/Data/ISSUE74-81.doc (3090 words)

	The Thomas Group - PTCL, Oxford (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This is a long standing collaboration using neutron reflection to study adsorption of a range of systems at both air/liquid and solid/liquid interfaces.
		the first figure from Surfactants) forms a lamellar structure at concentrations not far above the critical micelle concentration with a repeat spacing of about 200 Å and this adsorbs at the surface to give a lamellar structure parallel to the surface, which is detected by the presence of strong diffraction peaks in the specular reflectivity.
		The diffraction peaks from the aligned lamellar structure are equally spaced along the Q
	physchem.ox.ac.uk /~rkt/collab/penfold.html (362 words)

	project 2308-2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		During last year, the major difficulty faced in the first year of the project in shaping TiAl alloy ingots into suitable shapes for property evaluation has been sorted out successfully and both binary and quaternary alloys could be successfully drawn to rod shapes.
		Samples of these alloys have been homogenized and lamellar structure of suitable spacing has been produced by heat treatment at 1400 C for 4h., and then furnace cooling.
		Optical microscopic investigations on the T3 heat treated specimens revealed a fully lamellar structure and the lamellar spacing nearly twice of that obtained in T1 heat treatment.
	www.iconsoftec.com /cefipra/CEFIPREN/project/th08/prj23082.htm (420 words)

	Publications
		Yvonne A. Akpalu and Eric J. Amis, "Evolution of Density Fluctuations to Lamellar Crystals in Linear Polyethylene", Journal of Chemical Physics, 111(18), 8686 (1999).
		Lincoln, R. Vaia, Z.-G. Wang, B. Hsiao, “Secondary Structure and Elevated Temperature Crystallite Morphology of Nylon-6/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites”, Polymer, 42(4), 1621-1631 (2000).
		Lin, and James Runt, “Crystallization and Structure Formation of Strongly-Interacting Polymer Mixtures: Poly(ethylene oxide) and Styrene-Hydroxystyrene Random Copolymers”, ACS PMSE Preprint, 85, 431-432 (2001).
	www.bnl.gov /nsls/x27c/prese2.htm (3765 words)

	FUNDAMENTALS OF GAMMA TITANIUM ALUMINIDES: II: Phase Transformations and Microstructure Evolution
		Recent work has suggested that near-fully lamellar or fully-lamellar microstructures may provide attractive combinations of room and elevated temperature properties in near-gamma titanium aluminide alloys.
		2 lamellae is one of the critical first steps that triggers instability and continuous coarsening of the overall lamellar structure during aging or creep.
		It's found in the cast Ti-46.5Al-2.5V-1.0Cr (at%) ingot, that the discontinuous coarsening (DC) dominates the decomposition of the lamellar structure when annealing at temperatures lower than 1273K while the continuous coarsening (CC) does at the temperature between 1373K and 1473K.
	www.tms.org /Meetings/Annual-97/Program/Sessions/MP330E.html (1553 words)

	Find in a Library: The lamellar structure and deformation mechanisms of b-polypropylene
		Find in a Library: The lamellar structure and deformation mechanisms of b-polypropylene
		The lamellar structure and deformation mechanisms of b-polypropylene
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/51398091710c0dafa19afeb4da09e526.html (64 words)

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