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Topic: Laminal consonant

Related Topics

Apical consonant

Voiced alveolar implosive

Implosive consonant

Flap consonant

Alveolar ridge

Linguolabial consonant

Lateral alveolar click

Affricate consonant

Approximant consonant

Consonant

Retroflex approximant

Ejective consonant

Lateral consonant

Palatal approximant

Fricative consonant

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	Laminal consonant Information
		A laminal consonant is a phone produced by obstructing the air passage with the blade of the tongue, which is the flat top front surface just behind the tip of the tongue.
		Laminal consonants in some languages have been recorded with a broad occlusion (closure) covering the entire front of the mouth, from the hard palate to the teeth.
		However, the important element acoustically is where the rear-most occlusion is, for this is the point where the resonant chamber in the mouth terminates, and this determines the size and shape, and therefore the acoustics, of the oral cavity, which produces the harmonics of the vowels.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Laminal_consonant (519 words)

	Laminal consonant - Biocrawler
		A laminal consonant is a phone produced by obstructing the air passage with the blade of the tongue (which is the area just behind the apex of the tongue).
		This contrasts with apical consonants, which are produced by creating an obstruction with the tongue apex (or tongue tip) only.
		This is not a very common distinction, and typically phonemically contrastive only with fricatives and affricates, although it is important with plosives in achieving a native accent.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Laminal_consonant (130 words)

	Fricatives LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER
		Fricatives (or spirants) are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together.
		These are the lower lip against the upper teeth in the case of [f], or the back of the tongue against the soft palate in the case of German [x], the final consonant of Bach.
		However, at the postalveolar place of articulation the tongue may take several shapes: domed, laminal, or apical, and each of these is given a separate symbol and a separate name.
	language.school-explorer.com /info/Fricatives (796 words)

	laminal - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		A laminal consonant is a phone produced by obstructing the air passage with the blade of the tongue, which is the flat top front surface just behind the tip of the tongue.
		Definition of laminal from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary with audio pronunciations, thesaurus, Word of the Day, and word games.
		See all search results in Windows Live® Search Results
	ca.encarta.msn.com /laminal.html (103 words)

	LAMINAL CONSONANT Articles A laminal consonant is a phone prod
		Where such a contrast occurs, it is typically phonemic with fricatives and affricates rather than stops, although some native languages of California make the distinction with plosives as well.
		The Basque language differentiates between laminal and apical in the alveolar region, as does Serbo-Croatian, while Polish and Mandarin make the distinction with postalveolar consonants.
		Comparing languages, however, such as French and English, we find that French coronals are laminal (often mistakenly called "dental") while English coronals are apical.
	www.amazines.com /Laminal_consonant_related.html (523 words)

	Laminal Consonant Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A laminal consonant is a phone produced by obstructing the air passage with the blade of the tongue, which is the flat top front surface just behind the tip of the tongue.
		A very common laminal articulation is sometimes called denti-alveolar; it spans the alveolar ridge to the teeth, but is a little further forward than other alveolar laminal consonants which cover more of the alveolar ridge (and might be considered postalveolar).
		However, the important element acoustically is where the rear-most occlusion is, for this is the point where the resonant chamber in the mouth terminates, and this determines the size and shape, and therefore the accoustics, of the oral cavity, which produces the harmonics of the vowels.
	localcolorartists.com /encyclopedia/Laminal_consonant (680 words)

	Consonant - Wikpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		There are a group of consonants called sonorants that sometimes act as vowels, occupying the peak of a syllable, and sometimes act as consonants.
		Consonant letters in the English alphabet are B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Z, and sometimes Y — the letter Y stands for the consonant [j] in "yoke" but for the vowel [ɪ;] in "myth", for example.
		The phonation method of a consonant is whether or not the vocal cords are vibrating during articulation of a consonant.
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Consonant (682 words)

	Fricative consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Fricatives (or spirants) are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together.
		However, at the postalveolar place of articulation the tongue may take several shapes: domed, laminal, or apical, and each of these is given a separate symbol and a separate name.
		The alveolars and dentals may also be either apical or laminal, but this difference is indicated with diacritics rather than with separate symbols.
	www.nethider.com /cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/010110A/http/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricative_consonant (453 words)

	Apical - KutjaraWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		An apical consonant is one whose primary articulation is made with the tip of the tongue (the apex), as opposed to the lamina (blade) or dorsum.
		All dental and linguolabial consonants are considered to be apical by default; the laminal equivalents are called interdentals and interlinguolabials respectively.
		Consonants further back in the mouth cannot be apical unless the tongue is curled backwards; consonants formed this way are called retroflex.
	www.kutjara.com /wiki/index.php?title=Apical (160 words)

	Laminal - KutjaraWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Laminal consonants are those articulated with the lamina, or blade of the tongue, the part just behind the tip; in phonetics, the term contrasts with apical (articulated with the tongue tip) and dorsal (articulated with the body of the tongue).
		Laminal consonants mostly occur in the alveolar to alveolo-palatal range, though in addition, interdental and interlinguolabial consonants are by definition laminal.
		It is possible for apical and laminal consonants to be contrasted at the same place of articulation; see apical.
	www.kutjara.com /wiki/index.php?title=Laminal (162 words)

	Retroflex consonant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The consonants commonly called "postalveolar", or more precisely "palato-alveolar", as well as the "alveolo-palatals", are also pronounced in the postalveolar region.
		The consonants commonly called "palatal" are also pronounced in the palatal region, but are more precisely "dorso-palatal", meaning that they are dorsal (articulated with the dorsum or back of the tongue), rather than coronal like retroflex consonants.
		Note: In the International Phonetic Alphabet, the symbols for retroflex consonants are typically the same as for the alveolar consonants, but with the addition of a right-facing hook to the bottom of the symbol.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Retroflex_consonant.htm (531 words)

	Articles - Consonant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture sufficient to cause audible turbulence, at one or more points along the vocal tract.
		For example, in English, the sound [l] in "land" is a consonant, but in "table", it acts as a vowel.
		Consonant letters in the English alphabet are B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Z, and sometimes Y â€” the letter Y stands for the consonant [j] in "yoke" but for the vowel [Éª] in "myth", for example.
	www.wathcesa.com /articles/Consonant (674 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Template:Place of articulation Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the velum).
		Since the velar region of the roof of the mouth is relatively extensive and the movements of the dorsum are not very precise, velars easily undergo assimilation, shifting their articulation back or to the front depending on the quality of adjacent vowels.
		Velar consonant Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the velum).
	velar_consonant.iqexpand.com (456 words)

	Stanford Linguistics Colloquium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Restrictions on consonant harmony are usually accounted for in terms of transparency of intervening vowels to the consonant feature being spread: If the vowel is specified for the feature, spreading is blocked; if it is not specified, spreading is possible.
		Shaw 1991 argues that consonant harmony in labial and dorsal features is impossible because vowels are generally specified for these features.
		A more satisfactory account of restrictions on consonant harmony can be derived from the hypothesis that assimilation is strictly local, so intervening vowels are not transparent to consonant harmony, they undergo it.
	www-linguistics.stanford.edu /colloq/1996/1996jan19.html (407 words)

	Abstracts
		Consonants articulated with the blade of the tongue (laminals) in Australian Aboriginal languages come in two (at least) varieties: those with dental or interdental closure (th, nh) and those with alveopalatal closure (ñ, c).
		In some modern languages (‘two-laminal languages’) these contrast; in others one or the other position (typically, but not always alveopalatal) occurs to the exclusion of the other; and in others the two positions are allophonically related.
		Kugu-Uwanh, a two-laminal language, contrasts ‘heterorganic’ laminal clusters with homorganic ones at both the dental and alveopalatal positions.
	www.hum.ku.dk /ichl2003/abstracts/section7.html (1259 words)

	Labial-velar consonant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Labial-velar consonants are doubly articulated at the velum and the lips.
		They are sometimes called "labiovelar consonants", which can also refer to labialized velars.
		Truly doubly articulated labial-velars occur as plosives and nasal stops in the majority of languages in West and Central Africa, and are relatively common in the eastern end of New Guinea.
	www.toshare.info /en/Labial-velar_consonant.htm (421 words)

	Postalveolar Consonant Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography
		Postalveolar consonants are consonants articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the alveolar ridge, placing them a bit further back in the mouth than the alveolar consonants, which are at the ridge itself, but not as far back as the hard palate (the place of articulation for palatal consonants).
		The alveolo-palatal and retroflex consonants are also postalveolar in their point of articulation, but they are given separate columns in the IPA chart, and illustrated with examples in their own articles.
		Ladefoged has called this a "closed laminal postalveolar" articulation; Catford describes the fricatives as "hissing-hushing" sounds, and transcribes them as [ŝ, ẑ] (note: this is not IPA notation).
	lokalkolorit.de /encyclopedia/Postalveolar_consonant (736 words)

	Kolagian Orthography
		The 21 consonants of the Latin alphabet are used with their IPA values, with the following exceptions: {h} is usually part of a digraph, {j} is a voiced palatal stop [J], {r} is an alveolar approximant [r], and {x} is reserved for each language's individual needs.
		The IPA [h] is represented by the RKO digraph {'h}, though the apostrophe may be omitted between vowels or at the beginning of a word before a vowel.
		After a consonant, it modifies the sound of the consonant (for example, stop+h represents the equivalent fricative).
	www.io.com /~hmiller/lang/rko3.html (637 words)

	info: Fricative_consonant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Fricative consonant Fricative consonants are produced by air flowing through a narrow channel made by placing two articulating organs close together (e.g.
		Fricative consonant [Categories: Consonants] Fricative (A speech sound that is not a vowel) consonant s are produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close...
		Fricative consonant Lateral consonant Approximant consonant Semivowel Liquid consonant Flap consonant Trill consonant Ejective consonant Click consonant Edit this box A consonant is a sound in spoken language that...
	www.info-assicurazione.com /Fricative_consonant.html (731 words)

	IPA consonant chart
		Given that we need to answer seven questions to describe a consonant, a perfect consonant chart would need seven dimensions.
		For us mere mortals who can't handle seven-dimensional diagrams, the IPA consonant chart uses several tricks to squeeze the answers to all seven questions into two dimensions.
		Every last one of the consonants in the main chart uses the most common airstream mechanism -- the pulmonic mechanism, as indicated in the title of the chart, "Consonants (pulmonic)".
	www.umanitoba.ca /faculties/arts/linguistics/russell/phonetics/ipa/ipa-consonants.html (385 words)

	LINGUIST List 7.1378: Consonant harmony
		Based on their information and my own research I have proposed a typology for the cases of consonant harmony involving coronal consonants, that is, consonants articulated with the tongue tip-blade (in my PhD dissertation titled "The Articulatory Basis of Locality in Phonology", The Johns Hopkins University, August 1996; copies available from the author).
		I also see a reference to consonant harmony in Wiyot by Karl Teeter, 1959, IJAL 25:41-43 and one by Mary Haas "Consonant symbolism in northwestern California" in Earl H. Swanson, Jr., ed., Languages and Cultures of western North America: essays in Honor of Svan S. Liljblad (Pocatello: Idaho State University Press) 86-96.
		Here's one from her list which I have been working on, although I'm not sure if you want to count it as consonant harmony as it's triggered by a vowel: In Harari (Ethio-Semitic), also known as Adare, there is a form of consonant harmony triggered by a high front vowel suffix.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/7/7-1378.html (3196 words)

	Phonetics and Phonology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		All consonant phonemes can typically occur in VCV but only a subset of these can occur in initial position (in most other languages, it's the other way round).
		There are more than a few Australian languages that have no initial consonants (all words begin with vowels).
		The palatograms are of the medial /nk/ consonant cluster in /kɪnkɪ/.
	www.shlrc.mq.edu.au /rmannell/phonetics/phonology/aboriginal (999 words)

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