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Topic: Laminar flow

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Laminar

Transition point

Boundary layer transition

Turbulence

Boundary layer

Reynolds number

Fluid Dynamics

Potential flow

Fluid Mechanics

Flow measurement

Compressible flow

Skin friction

Stream function

Fluid power

Viscous

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	Laminar Flow Airfoil
		Laminar Flow is the smooth, uninterrupted flow of air over the contour of the wings, fuselage, or other parts of an aircraft in flight.
		Laminar flow is most often found at the front of a streamlined body and is an important factor in flight.
		The usual definition of a laminar flow airfoil is that the favorable pressure gradient ends somewhere between 30 and 75% of chord.
	www.aviation-history.com /theory/lam-flow.htm (0 words)

	Pressure
		The resistance to flow of a fluid and the resistance to the movement of an object through a fluid are usually stated in terms of the viscosity of the fluid.
		Experimentally, under conditions of laminar flow, the force required to move a plate at constant speed against the resistance of a fluid is proportional to the area of the plate and to the velocity gradient perpendicular to the plate.
		Under conditions of laminar flow in a viscous fluid, the velocity increases toward the center of a tube.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/pfric.html (453 words)

	Laminar flow fan and electrical apparatus incorporating fan - Patent 5419679
		A laminar flow fan is adapted to fit into a the internal cavity of a fan housing (70).
		Laminar flow fans are commonly used for impelling a fluid medium (a liquid or gas).
		The form factor of a laminar flow fan is ideal for this design since the air is drawn through the central `eye` of the disk elements and expelled radially through louvers in the base.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5419679.html (0 words)

	Laminar Flow (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Laminar flow is a type of fluid (gas or liquid) flow in which the fluid travels smoothly or in regular paths, in contrast to turbulent flow, in which the fluid undergoes irregular fluctuations and mixing.
		Laminar flow in a straight pipe may be considered as the relative motion of a set of concentric cylinders of fluid, the outside one fixed at the pipe wall and the others moving at increasing speeds as the centre of the pipe is approached.
		Laminar flow is common only in cases in which the flow channel is relatively small, the fluid is moving slowly, and its viscosity is relatively high.
	abyss.uoregon.edu /~js/glossary/laminar_flow.html (258 words)

	OHS - Biosafety
		For this reason, biohazardous, radioactive, chemical, toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic agents must not be used in a laminar flow clean bench.
		Laminar flow clean benches provide product protection only and must not be used in conjunction with any hazardous materials due to their inability to protect the personnel using them or the environment.
		The committee discourages the acquisition of additional laminar flow benches on campus.
	www.udel.edu /OHS/laminarflow.html (224 words)

	FLOW TRANSITION (no JavaScript)
		This difference in the streaklines is due to the orderly nature of laminar flow in the first case, and the fluctuating character of turbulent flow in the latter.
		For pipe flow, the transition from laminar to turbulent flow occurs at Re = 2100.
		In a laminar flow regime, the flow is steady and streamlined.
	wuche.wustl.edu /~sato/flowtrans/flowtrans2a.html (600 words)

	Laminar Flow Fixtures
		According to the manufacturer, the laminar flow pattern gives the feeling that water is flowing at a higher rate than it actually is. Under the same flow rate/pressure conditions, aerated streams actually tend to feel “lighter” because they mix air and water, laminar streams are heavier (water only) and feel stronger.
		Laminar flow fixtures are made to fit many types of faucets.
		Laminar devices are simply screwed into place on fixtures in the same manner as conventional faucet aerators, showerheads, or hose fittings.
	www.toolbase.org /Technology-Inventory/Plumbing/laminar-flow-fixtures (0 words)

	OMEGA ENGINEERING - Flow Control
		At very low velocities or high viscosities, R is low, and the liquid flows in smooth layers with the highest velocity at the center of the pipe and low velocities at the pipe wall where the viscous forces restrain it.
		A characteristic of laminar flow is the parabolic shape of its velocity profile, Fig.
		Thus, when liquid flows through a pipe elbow, the force on the elbow's interior surface is proportional to the density of the liquid times the square of its velocity.
	www.omega.com /techref/flowcontrol.html (5120 words)

	Glove Box Technology UK - Laminar Flow
		Laminar flow is the directional control of filtered gas passing from a discharge point to a receiving point, where the critical flow is between the two points.
		Laminar flow gas systems are usually specified for the most stringent clean working conditions typically found in electronic industries handling semiconductors, and in pharmaceutical industries.
		Laminar flow gas can be the source of a build up of static charges, which can have a marked effect on the behaviour of particulate.
	www.glovebox.co.uk /laminar_flow.asp (212 words)

	Laminar and Turbulent Flow
		The flow of real fluids exhibits viscous effect, that is they tend to "stick" to solid surfaces and have stresses within their body.
		In laminar flow the motion of the particles of fluid is very orderly with all particles moving in straight lines parallel to the pipe walls.
		This is the Hagen-Poiseuille equation for laminar flow in a pipe.
	www.efm.leeds.ac.uk /CIVE/CIVE1400/Section4/laminar_turbulent.htm (1312 words)

	Real_Fluid_Flow
		In turbulent flow, secondary random motions are superimposed on the principal flow and there is an exchange of fluid from one adjacent sector to another.
		In a low Reynolds number flow, the inertia forces are negligible compared with the viscous forces, whereas in a high Reynolds number flow, the viscous forces are small relative to the inertia forces.
		Another important factor in the transition from laminar to turbulent flow is the pressure gradient in the flow field.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Theories_of_Flight/Real_Fluid_Flow/TH9.htm (1133 words)

	NASA - NASA Dryden Fact Sheet - F-16XL Laminar Flow
		Much laminar flow research is carried out with two basic types of experimental devices — active and passive — that are attached to the research aircraft's wing.
		Both types of laminar flow devices obtain data from sensors and other instrumentation built into or attached to the wing to measure airflow characteristics (especially the region of transition from laminar to turbulent flow) and pressure distribution.
		The device was instrumented to measure laminar flow and other variables such as surface imperfections and the acoustic environment that may affect laminar flow at various flight conditions.
	www.nasa.gov /lb/centers/dryden/news/FactSheets/FS-023-DFRC.html (0 words)

	Watercooling Physics - Laminar and Turbulent Flow
		Laminar flow is the flow if a fluid in an organized manner in layers, or as the name suggests, laminates.
		This is especially true of laminar flow because the boundary layer is very thick and, in channels that are small enough, the boundary layer may extend through the entire flow.
		However, in turbulent flow the random action of the water molecules breaks up the boundary layer and disperses the majority of it, thus increasing the ability of all the water molecules to pick up heat from the water block wall.
	www.overclockers.com /articles511 (0 words)

	Laminar and Tubular Flow
		In laminar flow the direction of the flow is parallel to the vessel wall and is basically straight.
		In turbulent flow the direction of the flow is not parallel to the vessel wall and blood flows in different directions.
		Obviously, flow which is turbulent causes much more resistance in the blood vessel than those laminar flow therefore laminar flow allows for better and easier delivery of blood.
	library.thinkquest.org /C003758/Function/ltflow.htm (176 words)

	Laminar Flow Sections for Proa Boards and Rudders
		Laminar separation occurred at approximately 55% chord on the upper surface and 62% chord on the lower surface.
		Five different types of flow were possible at the trailing edge: attached laminar flow, separated laminar flow, separated laminar flow with transition to turbulent, attached turbulent boundary layer, and separated turbulent boundary layer.
		XFOIL was unable to compute the flow outside of a very narrow range of angles of attack because of the pronounced pressure peaks generated at the intersection of the leading edge radius and the mid-body contours.
	www.basiliscus.com /ProaSections/Paper/ProaSections.htm (3661 words)

	TrigasFI GmbH - LFE (Laminar Flow Elements)
		Within a laminar flow region, the pressure drop is directly proportional to the flow velocity times the flow viscosity.
		Alicat laminar flow elements are unique in that pressure drop measurements are only taken within the laminar region, thus insuring linear response.
		Measurements are taken within the laminar region of the flow meter and the integral PID controller positions the valve to maintain the user programmed set points.
	www.trigasfi.de /en/products/lfe.htm (0 words)

	Services - Laminar Flow Units
		The term Laminar Flow as it applies to hoods or clean air equipment can mean many things.
		The "when appropriate" clauses recognize the necessary testing differences between a horizontal flow clean air bench and a ceiling-hung laminar flow module that is 8 feet off the floor.
		Laminar Flow units can be affected by the same problems as biological safety cabinets, i.e., incorrect location in the work room, in proximity to high traffic areas or doors, room ventilation problems, or building electrical limitations.
	www.envservices.com /services/laminar.htm (504 words)

	Wing Design - CONVENTIONAL AIRFOILS and LAMINAR FLOW AIRFOILS
		The laminar flow wing is usually thinner than the conventional airfoil, the leading edge is more pointed and its upper and lower surfaces are nearly symmetrical.
		The effect achieved by this type of design of a wing is to maintain the laminar flow of air throughout a greater percentage of the chord of the wing and to control the transition point.
		The pressure distribution on the laminar flow wing is much more even since the camber of the wing from the leading edge to the point of maximum camber is more gradual than on the conventional airfoil.
	www.allstar.fiu.edu /aero/Wing31.htm (675 words)

	Laminar flow cleanroom (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the unidirectional air flow type of cleanroom, more commonly known as laminar flow clean rooms, the design intent is that air should make a single pass through the room with a piston-like effect.
		In one configuration sometimes referred to as vertical laminar flow rooms, cleaned air enters the room through the ceiling and exits through floor grilles or through continuous outlets in the walls at floor level.
		In a laminar flow cleanroom, the HEPA filters are located in the wall or ceiling of the room, so that once the air passes through the filter it is in the cleanroom.
	ateam.lbl.gov /Design-Guide/DGHtm/laminarflowcleanroom.htm (254 words)

	Armfield C10 Laminar Flow Table
		Two-dimensional laminar flow is created between the two glass plates by the combination of low fluid velocity and the narrow gap between the plates.
		In this instance the heat flow is represented by the flow of water and the temperature difference in the system is represented by the fluid pressure potential.
		Similarly, the sinks and sources may be used in combination with the flow of water between the plates to simulate a variety of flow situations.
	www.armfield.co.uk /c10_datasheet.html (800 words)

	Heat Transfer Resulting from Laminar Flow Over an Isothermal Plate
		Air (or any other fluid) forced over a hot plate will remove heat from the plate according to the rules of forced convection.
		If the air's velocity is slow enough and the plate length short enough, we can expect the flow in the boundary layer near the plate to be laminar.
		Use this calculator to calculate the heat rate removed from the plate under such a laminar flow assumption.
	www.efunda.com /formulae/heat_transfer/convection_forced/calc_lamflow_isothermalplate.cfm (0 words)

	Laminar Flow
		When a fluid (such as air) moves (or flows) past a solid surface, such as an airplane wing, a thin layer develops adjacent to the surface where frictional forces tend to retard the motion of the fluid.
		In general, the most desirable state is one with a high degree of laminar flow, i.e., exhibits a low degree of friction drag.
		In particular, a high degree of laminar flow reduces the amount of fuel consumed by an aircraft and also increases its flight range.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Dictionary/LAMINAR/DI152.htm (126 words)

	Laminar Flow Hood, Laminar Flow Cabinet, Clean Bench - AirClean Systems
		Systems manufactures a wide range of ductless laminar flow hoods, workstations and clean benches for creating a particle-free Class 100 (ISO 5) environment.
		An AC600-series vertical laminar flow cabinet is smaller in size, providing a more mobile workstation.
		A custom laminar flow hood can be designed if your application demands it.
	www.aircleansystems.com /processprotection.htm (0 words)

	Esco Laminar Flow Cabinet - Esco, a Pioneer in Biotechnology Equipment, Fume Filtration, Laboratory Fume Hoods and ...
		Esco laminar flow cabinets are the premium selection for the discerning researcher, offering a combination of value, high quality construction, low operating noise levels, and a wide product range to suit all budgets, from the industry leader.
		The premium laminar flow cabinet in the industry designed to fulfil stringent regulations.
		The Airstream® Laminar Flow Cabinet E-series features glass sides for enhanced visibility and facilitates classroom teaching, allowing visibility into the workzone from 3 sides of the cabinet.
	www.escoglobal.com /biotech/product_2.asp (471 words)

	Laminar Flow Clean Rooms – Laminar Flow Cleanrooms – Laminar Cleanrooms - Laminar Flow Clean Room Manufacturers
		Laminar flow clean rooms and laminar flow clean room manufacturers including laminar flow cleanrooms, laminar cleanrooms and portable laminar cleanrooms.
		Laminar flow clean rooms have filtration systems that control airflow and velocity to keep airborne particles from coming into contact with other objects or particles.
		Laminar flow clean rooms help keep areas sanitary and contaminant-free, retaining the ability to protect samples and laboratory workers from contamination.
	www.iqsdirectory.com /laminar-flow-clean-rooms (771 words)

	positive displacement, magnetic, turbine, ultrasonic, vortex fluidic, coriolis, thermal, differential pressure, target, ...
		A flow nozzle is a constriction consisting of a contoured plate that forms a hole for the flow stream that is sandwiched in the pipe between two flanges.
		A laminar flow element is a constriction consisting of a tube bundle or parallel plates used to measure flows with low Reynolds numbers.
		An orifice plate is a constriction consisting of a flat plate with a hole for the flow stream that is sandwiched in the pipe between two flanges.
	www.flowmeters.com /ufm/index.cfm?task=glossary (934 words)

	Tech Rite - Laminar Flow
		Laminar Flow equipment incorporates HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filters rated 99.99% efficient D.O.P. on 0.3 micron or larger as defined in Federal Standard 209.
		Laminar air flow (unidirectional flow) is air in a confined area moving in a uniform velocity along parallel flow lines.
		Laminar Flow Cabinets are constructed of laminated plastic, bonded to 3/4" high-density Novaply, and 16 ga. cold rolled steel.
	www.techrite.com /laminar_flow_products_home.html (168 words)

	Laminar, Transitional or Turbulent Flow?
		Laminar flow can be regarded as a series of liquid cylinders in the pipe, where the innermost parts flow the fastest, and the cylinder touching the pipe isn't moving at all.
		Transitional flow is a mixture of laminar and turbulent flow, with turbulence in the center of the pipe, and laminar flow near the edges.
		Entrance Length and Developed Flow The entrance length is the length in a tube or duct until the flow velocity profile is fully developed after obstructions.
	www.engineeringtoolbox.com /laminar-transitional-turbulent-flow-d_577.html (488 words)

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