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	Lamprey - LoveToKnow 1911
		LAMPREY, a fish belonging to the family Petromyzontidae (from r rpos and Ww, literally, stone-suckers), which with the hag-fishes or Myxinidae forms a distinct subclass of fishes, the Cyclostomata, distinguished by the low organization of their skeleton, which is cartilaginous, without vertebral segmentation, without ribs or real jaws, and without limbs.
		The lampreys are readily recognized by their long, eel-like, scaleless body, terminating anteriorly in the circular, suctorial mouth characteristic of the whole sub-class.
		Lampreys, especially the sea-lamprey, are esteemed as food, formerly more so than at present; but their flesh is not easy of digestion.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Lamprey (509 words)

	Lamprey - MSN Encarta
		Lampreys are widely distributed in freshwater streams and seas of temperate and subarctic regions throughout the world, except for the waters off southern Africa.
		The inner margin of the mouth and the edges of the tongue are equipped with numerous small, horny teeth with which the lamprey pierces the flesh of fishes.
		The most effective methods of control have proved to be the electromechanical weir, which electrocutes the adult lampreys as they head upstream to spawn, and the use of selective chemicals to kill the larvae living in the stream bottom.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761559510 (727 words)

	Lake Champlain Sea Lamprey Biology
		The juvenile sea lamprey uses its suction disk mouth which is filled with small sharp, rasping teeth and a file-like tongue to attach to fish, puncture the skin, and drain the fish's body fluids.
		If true, the lamprey may be having a detrimental impact on salmon and lake trout because the original Lake Champlain strains of these fish that may have evolved with the sea lamprey disappeared in the late 1800s.
		The silver lamprey is parasitic, but does not have the negative impact on the Lake Champlain fish community that the sea lamprey does, due to its smaller size and fewer numbers.
	www.dec.state.ny.us /website/reg5/lamprey/lambiology.html (1529 words)

	Hyperoartia
		Although lampreys are sometimes regarded as a delicacy and fished in Europe, the main cause of their disappearance is water pollution, to which they (in particular larvae) are particularly sensitive.
		Lampreys are devoid of a mineralized skeleton, although traces of globular calcified cartilage may occur in the endoskeleton.
		Lampreys have a single, median and dorsal "nostril", the nasohypophysial opening, which is situated anteriorly to the eyes.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Hyperoartia&contgroup=Vertebrata (1634 words)

	Sea Lamprey in the Great Lakes
		Adult sea lampreys, which are shaped like eels, feed by attaching on other fish with their suctorial mouths and extracting blood and other body fluids from the fish.
		Thereafter, the invasion quickened; sea lampreys were found in Lake Huron in 1932, in Lake Michigan in 1936, and in Lake Superior in 1946.
		Sexually mature sea lampreys, which are about 46 centimeters long, ascend the tributaries of the Great Lakes in the spring and summer to seek stony, gravelly riffles where they excavate redds, saucerlike depressions that serve as nests.
	biology.usgs.gov /s+t/SNT/noframe/gl129.htm (1828 words)

	Sea lamprey
		The lamprey usually fastens to the side of its victim, where it rasps away until it tears through the skin or scales and is able to suck the blood.
		Probably lampreys are parasites and bloodsuckers pure and simple, for we cannot learn that anything but blood has been found in their stomachs, except fish eggs, of which lampreys are occasionally full.
		Lampreys were esteemed a great delicacy in Europe during the middle ages (historians tell us Henry I of England died of a surfeit of them) and considerable numbers were captured of old in the rivers of New England for human food, particularly in the Connecticut and Merrimac Rivers.
	www.gma.org /fogm/Petromyzon_marinus.htm (1617 words)

	Pacific lamprey — KS Wild
		The accumulative effects of the loss of lamprey within the culture are that the young do not know how to catch and prepare lamprey for drying and the loss of lamprey myths and legends.
		The petitioned lamprey species are Pacific lamprey, river lamprey, Kern brook lamprey and Western brook lamprey, a non-parasitic lamprey.
		River lamprey distribution range extends from the Sacramento River to southeast Alaska, and inland to the Columbia Gorge on the Columbia River.
	www.kswild.org /Issues/SpeciesProtection/lamprey (890 words)

	Lake Champlain Sea Lamprey Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Lamprey are eel-shaped fish with a skeleton made of cartilage and they belong to a relic (primitive) group of jawless fishes called Agnathans.
		Whether the sea lamprey is native to Lake Champlain or not, it is having detrimental impacts on the Lake Champlain fisheries, ecosystem, and human residents that are very significant.
		Due to the severity of the impacts that sea lamprey have on the Lake Champlain fishery and ecosystem, and the social and economic impacts on the people who live in the Lake Champlain Basin, it has been determined that sea lamprey populations should be controlled.
	www.dec.state.ny.us /website/reg5/lamprey/index.html (1503 words)

	All Points North - Lamprey Invasion
		Lampreys are out of control pest that have been attacking and feeding on fish in Lake Champlain.
		Lampreys have increased in population within the past seven years and continue feeding on their primary source, salmon.
		According to Don Lee, a member of Lake Champlain Trout Unlimited, the acceptable rate for lampreys in one area is in the 20's, and for Lake Champlain, the lamprey rate is in the high 80's and lower 90's.
	www.apnmag.com /fall_2006/huntLamprey.php (700 words)

	Lamprey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lampreys live mostly in coastal and fresh waters, although at least one species, Geotria australis, probably travels significant distances in the open ocean, as is evidenced by the lack of reproductive isolation between Australian and New Zealand populations, and the capture of a specimen in the Southern Ocean between Australia and Antarctica.
		The hagfish, which superficially resembles the lamprey, is the sister taxon of the lampreys and gnathostomes (a clade termed the Craniata).
		Lamprey fossils are exceedingly rare: cartilage does not fossilize as readily as bone.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lamprey (1355 words)

	FPC HomePage
		The Pacific and river lamprey are both anadromous and parasitic species and the western brook lamprey is nonanadromous and nonparasitic.
		Transformers are identified by dentition, with Pacific lamprey having three sharp cusps, the river lamprey having two sharp cusps, and the western brook having two dull cusps.
		Pacific lamprey attend maximum lengths of 70 cm, are bluish gray in the sea or during upstream migration and are dark brown on the spawning grounds.
	www.fpc.org /lamprey/lamprey_home.html (620 words)

	Parasite with a purpose: Protection for lamprey considered
		In the early 20th century, lamprey were electrocuted on that river to stop them from interfering with power generation.
		Lamprey carcasses have served as subjects in anatomy classes, and scientists once took the brain of a different lamprey species and put it into a robot, demonstrating that the machine would move toward light.
		Lamprey are a source of food for birds, fish and marine mammals, such as seals and sea lions.
	www.wildcalifornia.org /pages/page-186 (1525 words)

	Sea Lamprey / Fish of the Great Lakes by Wisconsin Sea Grant
		The sea lamprey is an agressive parasite -- equipped with a tooth-filled mouth that flares open at the end of its eel-like body.
		An anticoagulant in the lamprey's saliva keeps the wound open for hours or weeks, until the lamprey is satiated or the host fish dies.
		Lamprey numbers in Lake Michigan are currently only about 10 percent of their peak numbers in the 1950s.
	www.seagrant.wisc.edu /greatlakesfish/fsealamprey1.html (314 words)

	Lamprey numbers skyrocket
		This lamprey that was attached to a lake trout in Lake Superior.
		Lamprey numbers have exploded -- nearly doubling in western Lake Superior -- during the past year as state and federal biologists try to determine whether the increase is a temporary spike or a major problem for lake trout and other fish.
		Scientists believe some lamprey larvae may be thriving in Lake Superior itself, and in near-shore estuaries, and not just in streams, as previously believed.
	www.lakesuperiorstore.com /columnist/media/lampreyskyrocket.htm (783 words)

	Great Lakes Fishery Commission -- Sea Lamprey Control
		Sea lampreys are aquatic vertebrates native to the Atlantic Ocean.
		Sea lampreys attach to fish with a sucking disk and sharp teeth.
		Sea lampreys are so destructive that under some conditions, only one of seven fish attacked by a sea lamprey will survive.
	www.glfc.org /lampcon.php (499 words)

	Pharyngula: Lamprey skeletons
		Lamprey have collagen, OK, but as I've said before, the really interesting stuff is what goes on in the interactions between genes—regulatory networks are the key targets of change in evolution.
		At least a couple of pieces of the gene regulatory network for skeleton formation are present in the lamprey, suggesting that this might be another of those conserved kernels that define a central element of vertebrate anatomy.
		Lampreys almost certainly lost dermal bone at some point in their ancestry (provided that the morphology-based trees are correct, and the rather controversial molecular data is wrong).
	scienceblogs.com /pharyngula/2006/02/lamprey_skeletons.php (2113 words)

	Lake Champlain Anglers Collect Tagged Sea Lamprey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The locations where the lampreys are picked up will be studied to help optimize planned control measures for these destructive fish that have had a devastating impact on native fish populations in Lake Champlain and in the Great Lakes.
		Cash and tackle prizes will be presented for the most lamprey returned, and the lamprey returned from the farthest distance, and through a random drawing.
		In Lake Champlain, Lamprey have hindered the restoration of lake trout populations and landlocked Atlantic salmon.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/InNews/lampreys2002.htm (506 words)

	Ohio Lamprey
		One of two parasitic species of lampreys native to Ohio, this Ohio endangered species is known from only a few streams in the Ohio River drainage.
		Upon maturation into sexually immature adults (marked by the development of the eyes and the oral disc), the Ohio lamprey moves into larger bodies of water such as the Ohio River where there are sufficient populations of large fishes to prey upon.
		After the lamprey fully matures it drops free of the fish host and returns to the stream it originally came from to spawn.
	www.ohiodnr.com /dnap/rivfish/ohiolamp.html (207 words)

	Introduction to the Petromyzontiformes
		The long, eel-like fish drinking the blood of this lake trout is one of nearly fifty species of lampreys, a group of jawless fishes found in temperate rivers and coastal seas.
		Lamprey eggs hatch into small larvae, known as ammocoetes, which are not predators at all; they lack the sucker mouths of the adults, and feed by producing strands of mucus and trapping food particles.
		Lampreys have a round, suckerlike jawless mouth filled with rows of horny teeth, and a rasplike "tongue." (See picture at right) An internal ring of cartilage supports the rim of the mouth.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /vertebrates/basalfish/petro.html (578 words)

	YOJOE.COM \| Lamprey
		Lamprey was first released as part of the fourth series (1985) packaged exclusively with the Cobra MORAY Hydrofoil.
		In 1987, Lamprey and the Cobra MORAY Hydrofoil were discontinued.
		Lamprey's entire body and mold were re-used for the Sonic Fighters Lampreys (v2) (1990), Lampreys (v3) (2000), and Lamprey (v4) (2003).
	www.yojoe.com /action/85/lamprey.shtml (149 words)

	Marine Lamprey
		Mode of life of the adult lamprey is as follows: The round mouth sucker is applied to the skin of the prey, and the flesh is rasped off by the protrusible toothed "tongue." The catfish illustrated shows scars due to former attacks from lampreys.
		An interesting feature of the pharynx of the lamprey is the velum, a curtain of flesh that partitions the gill pouches from the esophagus allowing the lamprey to suck on to its host while still ventilating its gill pouches.
		The lamprey is one of several anadromous species of the Connecticut River.
	www.bio.umass.edu /biology/conn.river/sealampr.html (789 words)

	Lamprey Pie, History of Lamprey Pie
		Most royal families of England were particularly fond of lampreys, as it was considered a delicacy at the English Courts.
		The lamprey was then cut into "gobbets a thin as a groat," and placed on top of the bread and sauce.
		The lamprey is considered to be in best condition during the month of a April and May when it ascends the Severn from the sea for the purpose of depositing its spawn."
	whatscookingamerica.net /History/PieHistory/LampreyPie.htm (928 words)

	Lamprey
		Lamprey (SS-372) was laid down 22 February 1944 by the Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co., Manitowoc, Wis.; launched 18 June 1944; sponsored by Mrs.
		Lamprey sailed from Pearl Harbor 17 February 1945 for the coast of Luzon and her first war patrol.
		McDonald, Lamprey cleared Fremantle 21 May and entered the Java Sea bound for her patrol area in the Siam Gulf.
	www.history.navy.mil /danfs/l3/lamprey.htm (367 words)

	PACIFIC LAMPREY
		During its ocean phase of life the Pacific lamprey are scavengers, parasites, or predators on larger prey such as salmon and marine mammals.
		Though absolute historical population sizes of the lamprey are not known, it is clear that the fish, once a significant tribal subsistence food, have shown severe decline.
		Lamprey may be impacted by pollutants from urban and agricultural runoff that can concentrate in the sediments.
	www.psmfc.org /habitat/edu_lamprey_fact.html (674 words)

	Lamprey cyborg sees the light and responds: Science News Online, Nov. 11, 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		When the robot's sensors detected light, the lamprey's brain interpreted the signals they sent as conveying a certain orientation in the water, the scientists speculate.
		Depending on the electrodes' placement in the brain tissue, the signals caused the robot to wheel toward or away from the light or to travel in a circle or a spiral.
		They'll simulate a lesion in the lamprey's nervous system by electronically blocking the input to the brain tissue from one of the robot's sensors.
	www.sciencenews.org /20001111/fob4.asp (643 words)

	Ohio Lamprey
		One of two parasitic species of lampreys native to Ohio, this Ohio endangered species is known from only a few streams in the Ohio River drainage.
		Upon maturation into sexually immature adults (marked by the development of the eyes and the oral disc), the Ohio lamprey moves into larger bodies of water such as the Ohio River where there are sufficient populations of large fishes to prey upon.
		After the lamprey fully matures it drops free of the fish host and returns to the stream it originally came from to spawn.
	www.dnr.state.oh.us /dnap/rivfish/ohiolamp.html (207 words)

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