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Topic: Lan Xang

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	Lan Xang - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Lao kingdom of Lan Xang (or in Pali, Sisattanakhanahut) was established in 1354 by Fa Ngum.
		Lan Xang extended from the border of China to Sambor below the Mekong rapids at Khong Island and from the Vietnamese border to the western escarpment of the Khorat Plateau.
		In 1694, however, Lan Xang fell prey to a series of rival pretenders to its throne, and, as a result of the ensuing struggles, formally ended and split into three kingdoms -- Luang Phrabang, Vientiane, and Champassack, 1707.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lan_Xang (578 words)

	Lan Xang: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Lan Xang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fa Ngum's descendants remained on the throne at Muang Sua, renamed Louang Phrabang, for almost 600 years after his death, maintaining the independence of Lan Xang to the end of the seventeenth century through a complex network of vassal relations with lesser princes.
		In 1690, however, Lan Xang fell prey to a series of rival pretenders to its throne, and, as a result of the ensuing struggles, split into three kingdoms--Luang Phrabang, Vientiane, and Champassack.
		Muang Phuan enjoyed a semi-independent status as a result of having been annexed by a Vietnamese army in the fifteenth century, an action that set a precedent for a tributary relationship with the court of Annam at Hué.
	www.encyclopedian.com /la/Lan-Xang.html (502 words)

	MSN Encarta - Printer-friendly - Laos
		The name Lan Xang, which means “a million elephants,” was chosen to inspire fear among lesser rulers at a time when elephants were the principal engines of war.
		In the 15th century Lan Xang suffered from internal weakness, and in 1478 a Vietnamese army invaded Lan Xang, seizing and sacking the capital before being driven out.
		But the Lan Xang king at the time, Xetthathirat, was renowned more for his valiant defiance of the Burmese than for ruling Lan Na.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /text_761551958___40/Laos.html (2352 words)

	Laos - Lan Xang
		It was as a result of these family conflicts that the Kingdom of Lan Xang--the name still carries associations of cultural kinship among the Lao--was established.
		Fa Ngum's descendants remained on the throne at Muang Sua, renamed Louangphrabang, for almost 600 years after his death, maintaining the independence of Lan Xang to the end of the seventeenth century through a complex network of vassal relations with lesser princes.
		In 1690, however, Lan Xang fell prey to a series of rival pretenders to its throne, and, as a result of the ensuing struggles, split into three kingdoms--Louangphrabang, Vientiane, and Champasak.
	countrystudies.us /laos/6.htm (716 words)

	Samsenethai - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Samsenethai was the second king of Lan Xang, the son of Fa Ngum, whom he succeeded.
		There is also discussion as to whether during this period, the terms "Thai" and "Lao" were interchangeable, whether the term "Lao" yet existed, or whether "Thai" was used in his name to refer to the fact that the census included all Tai groups.
		For the duration of 43 year reign, Lan Xang did not fight a single battle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Samsenethai (235 words)

	MSN Encarta - Laos
		Fa Ngum had been exiled by his grandfather, the ruler of the principality of Louangphrabang under the Mongols, and raised in the Cambodian capital of Ângkôr.
		Briefly in the mid-16th century, the kingdom of Lan Na, centered on Chiang Mai in northern Thailand, was absorbed into Lan Xang.
		When Surinyavongsa died in 1695 without an heir, Lan Xang split into three separate kingdoms: Louangphrabang, Vientiane, and Champasak, all of which fell under the suzerainty of the kingdom of Ayutthaya (also known as Siam, later Thailand) during the next century.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761551958_8/Laos.html (1142 words)

	Laos Travel: Country facts
		The rudimentary structures of a multiethnic state existed before the founding of the Kingdom of Lan Xang in the thirteenth century.
		Lan Xang covered the whole of present-day Laos plus most of Issan (northeast Thailand).
		In 1563, King Settathirat declared Vientiane the capital of Lan Xang, and built Wat Pra Keo to house the Emerald Buddha, a gift from the king of Ceylon, as a new talisman for the kingdom.
	www.optiontours.com /l_fact.html (1139 words)

	Getting Down in Laos, The Invented State -- ThingsAsian Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As Lan Xang declined after the reign of Surinyavongsa in the 17th century, it was periodically humiliated by Siam.
		Lan Xang became little more than a fiefdom of Siam and a punching bag of the Ho, until King Unkham, beleaguered by these local enemies, enlisted the help of the French.
		Across the street from the LNM, the multi-story LNCH is a glorious example of Lan Xang architecture, with a dash of paint in Communist red.
	www.thingsasian.com /goto_article/article.1224.html (1021 words)

	Lan Xang (1300 - 1428 AD) - DBA 110a (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fag Ngum ruled Lan Xang for 20 years, surviving periods of religous strife and almost constant warfare along his ill-defined borders, until he was deposed by the court ministers in favor of his son Oun Hueun (Sam Sen Thai) in 1373 AD.
		By the end of his reign, Lan Xang was the dominant power in the region.
		On his death, however, the kingdom was split into three rival kingdoms by factions influenced by the Vietnamese, thus marking the end of Lan Xang as a unified kingdom.
	www.fanaticus.org /dba/armies/var110a.html (666 words)

	Lan Xang (from Laos) -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This period of peace and tranquility ended with Photisarath (ruled 1520–48), who involved Lan Xang in a struggle against Myanmar and the Thai kingdom of Ayutthaya (Ayudhya) that lasted two centuries.
		The kingdom of Lan Xang (Laos) was founded in the mid-14th century and ruled by Buddhist Thai.
		I-lan city lies in the centre of this plain on the Lan River.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-52519?tocId=52519 (1264 words)

	Storia del Laos: Tutte le informazioni su Storia del Laos su Encyclopedia.it (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Le ricerche storiche dimostrano che rudimentali strutture di un stato multietnico esistevano già prima della fondazione del Regno di Lan Xang nel XIII secolo.
		Le lotte intestine provocarono il frazionamento di Lan Xang e dopo il 1690, i Lao e le popolazioni delle montagne della parte centrale della valle del Mekong furono pericolosamente vicini all'essere assorbiti da rivali vicini e potenti, vale a dire il Vietnam e il Siam (Thailandia); la Cina non portò mai avanti alcuna minaccia territoriale.
		Solamente l'arrivo dei francesi nella seconda metà del XIX secolo portò alla disintegrazione politica del Laos.
	www.encyclopedia.it /s/st/storia_del_laos.html (841 words)

	Amazon.com: Hidden Gardens: Music: Lan Xang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		And while the four musicians in Lan Xang are hardly isolated from one another, they certainly call on all manner of freedoms in the band.
		Surprisingly, perhaps, Lan Xang's feet are firmly planted in melodies, even ones that sound like overlapping occasions of postbop and post-free-jazz discovery happening with different band members at the same time.
		Lan Xang has been given the freedom to provide a programme of their music without constraint and with no commercial imperatives dictating the direction it might take.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B00004HYO4?v=glance (875 words)

	Lan Xang MP3 Downloads - Lan Xang Music Downloads - Lan Xang Music Videos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Lan Xang sounds like the name of a traditional Chinese artist, but there is no traditional Chinese music on this CD.
		Nor does the CD feature a musician who is actually named Lan Xang; rather, Lan Xang is the name of an American jazz quartet that includes Dave Binney on alto sax and flute, Donny McCaslin on tenor and soprano sax, Scott Colley on upright bass, and Jeff Hirshfield on drums and percussion.
		Lan Xang favors an inside/outside approach (mostly inside), and when the pianoless combo does venture outside, nothing terribly harsh or abrasive occurs.
	www.mp3.com /albums/392552/summary.html (346 words)

	Lan Xang -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Conflict with its Myanmar (Burmese) and Thai (Siamese) neighbours forced the kingdom's rulers to transfer the capital from Luang Prabang to Vientiane (1563), but the kingdom maintained its power and was at the height of...
		Lao king of Lan Xang during its golden age of prosperity, who welcomed the first European visitors to Laos.
		The powerful kingdom of Lan Xang was founded in the 14th century.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9046991 (688 words)

	Loei, Pilgrimage to the Sacred Temples (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Since Loei is a border town adjacent to present-day Laos, or the Lan Xang Kingdom in the past, many temples and archeological sites in Loei reflect the influence of Lan Xang’s artistic style.
		This temple was built in 1560 as the symbol of fraternal relationship between Somdet Phra Maha Chakkaphat of the Ayutthaya Kingdom and Phrachao Chaiya chetthathirat of the Lan Xang Kingdom.
		This Lan Xang-style Phra That is located on a hill by the Man River, at the supposed borderline between the two kingdoms.
	thai-tour.server101.com /eng/loei/sacred-temples.html (1120 words)

	CD Review of Lan Xang - Hidden Gardens on Naxos Jazz @ jazzreview.com
		Its a pretty tortured rationalization but basically boils down to Lan Xang being a kingdom that originated in the area that is now Laos and which, the better part of a millennium ago, ruled much of Indochina for about three centuries.
		Lan Xang use bits and pieces of indigenous music from around the word to color a blend of new music and early Ornette Coleman type material.
		None of the performances stand out as particularly strong but the group shows good chemistry and certainly appears to have the potential -this is only their second release- to do much more.
	www.jazzreview.com /cdreview.cfm?ID=1525 (242 words)

	Kingdom of Lan Xang
		Reign of Fa Ngum, king of Lan Xang; beginning of recorded Laotian history.
		Successors of Fa Ngum continue to organize Lan Xang; Phetsarath (r.1520-47) involves Lan Xang in battles against Burma and Siam lasting two centuries.
		Lan Xang reduced by Burma to vassal state.
	www.ocf.berkeley.edu /~kongsab/h_lanxang.htm (159 words)

	Exotissimo Newsletter - Myanmar Page
		The life of this one man, a single individual who created the kingdom of Lan Xang, has spawned incredible tales of his feats and accomplishments and of his exile and return.
		The myth The future king of Lan Xang was born with a full set of teeth and to a prophecy which foretold of his destruction to the kingdom of Xieng Dong Xieng Thong.
		In 2002, officials in Vientiane installed a statue of Fa Ngum, carrying a sword and wearing a crown, at the new King Fa Ngum Park to commemorate the 650th anniversary of the founding of Lan Xang.
	www.exotissimo.com /exonewsletter/Issue14/laos.htm (321 words)

	Laoplanet.net - Isan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It was formerly a part of the Thai Lao kingdom of Lan Xang.
		After the Khmer were overruled by the Thai in the 12th century, the Isan was part of the Laotian kingdom Lan Xang.
		After the fall of Lan Xang in the 19th century it became part of Thailand.
	laoplanet.net /content/view/70/48 (178 words)

	I86046 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Lan Xang is a quartet of New York musicians dedicated to playing cutting edge, original music.
		The group name Lan Xang, which comes from 14th Century East Asian history, was an ancient empire that originated from what is now Laos and ruled much of the Indochina region for over 300 years.
		Since the concept behind the quartet is to incorporate anything into the music regardless of genre, the Lan Xang moniker relates quite appropriately.
	www.naxos.com /intro/i86046.htm (453 words)

	LAOS TIME LINE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This is a pivotal period in Lao history because the Lan Xang Kingdom was established during Chao Fa Ngoum's reign.
		Setthathirath returned to rule Lan Xang as Setthathirath I after Phothisarath's death.
		Lan Xang ceased to exist as a sovereign state.
	freelao.tripod.com /id61.htm (373 words)

	Travel in Luang Prabang - Laos - Asia - History - WorldTravelGate.net®-
		Luang Prabang is the ancient capital city of the Lan Xang Kingdom.
		Luang Prabang was the capital of the Lane Xang kingdom
		Luang Prabang remained the capital of the Lan Xang kingdom until 1545 when King Photisarat moved the capital to Wieng Chan (Vientiane).
	www.asiatravelling.net /laos/luang_prabang/luang_prabang_history.htm (326 words)

	Lan Xang \| Hidden Gardens
		Here he appears with his sometimes group Lan Xang (founded in 1994 by McCaslin and Binney with another submission of Eastern-influenced jazz.
		Lan Xang released Lan Xang in 1997 on Mythology MR10971, with Fred Hersch’s regular drummer Jeff Hirschfield.
		Like the band name implies, the music of Lan Xang is quite exotic and appealing and Avant-garde.
	www.allaboutjazz.com /reviews/r0300_036.htm (336 words)

	(Srisongrug) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		had the closest relationship, was in the reign of King Chag-kra-pat of Ayutthaya and King Sai-Set-tha-ti-raj of Lan Xang.
		In 1569 both Ayutthaya and Lan Xang fell to the Burmese.
		Ayutthaya was deliberated in 1584 and Lan Xang was deliberated in 1595.
	geocities.com /tokyo/9149/songrug.html (530 words)

	Laos : History
		While Lan Xang was clearly a client state of Angkor, it is also the real beginning of Lao history.
		Areawise, Lan Xang was one of the largest kingdoms in mainland Southeast Asia at that time but it was thinly populated.
		Upon the death of the heirless Surya Vongsa, a three-way stuggle for the throne preceded the breakup of Lan Xang.
	www.thaitourism.com /LA/info_history.asp (4213 words)

	Search: L
		After being vassals to Siam, Champa (Cambodia), and sometime also to the King of Annam (Vietnam), Prince Fa Ngoun came to power, and established the Kingdom of Lan Xang in 1353...
		: Vientiane was then divided in 1713 into two countries: Vientiane and Champassak.The ruling family of Lan Xang (Lan Chang), Khun Lo, was ruling in different branches in all the four countries except for a short period in Champassak (1791-1811) when the Suvarnakut family ruled there...
		: In 1707 Lan Xang (Lan Chang) was divided into the Kingdoms of Luang Prabang and Vientiane and the Principality of Xieng Khouang...
	www.almanach.be /search/l (716 words)

	Lan Xang : Hidden Gardens - Listen, Review and Buy at ARTISTdirect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		McCaslin's flute leads the meditational snippet "Incurable Dreaminess." As a composer, McCaslin really asserts himself with Lan Xang.
		Colley contributes two selections: "Segues" is a nine-note unison setup in bop mode replete with psychotrophic sampled voices and crackling percussion, and "Gradual Impulse" is a bass/drum extended funk.
		The creative juices of Lan Xang collectively flow from start to finish on this continually intriguing, cliché-free recording.
	www.artistdirect.com /nad/store/artist/album/0,,970833,00.html (361 words)

	History of Laos
		When Souligna Vongsa died in 1694 without an heir, the leadership of Lan Xang was contested, and the nation split into three kingdoms.
		The area around Vientiane was taken over by Souligna’s nephew, supported by the Annamites from northern Vietnam; Souligna’s grandson controlled the area around Luang Prabang, while another prince controlled the southern kingdom of Champassak, with Thai backing.
		The power of Lan Xang waned; gradually, the Thais extended their influence over most of Laos until it became a Siamese satellite state.
	www.visit-laos.com /sabbaidee/history.htm (1891 words)

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