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Topic: Lancaster House Agreement

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	Lancaster House conference - Encyclopedia.com
		Lancaster House conference series of three meetings (1960, 1962, 1963) in which Kenya's constitutional framework and independence were negotiated.
		In 1960 lack of agreement led Colonial Secretary McLeod to issue an interim constitution.
		In 1962 a framework for self-government was negotiated, and the 1963 conference in London finalized constitutional arrangements for Kenya's independence as a dominion.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-LancastHC.html (364 words)

	Lancaster House Agreement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Not to be confused with Lancaster House Conference.
		The agreement ended the white rule in Rhodesia under Ian Smith; it was signed between the Patriotic Front (PF), consisting of ZAPU (Zimbabwe African Peoples Union) and ZANU (Zimbabwe African National Union) and the Rhodesian government, represented at that time by Bishop Abel Muzorewa and Smith.
		The purpose of the Conference was to discuss and reach agreement on the terms of an Independence Constitution, and that elections should be supervised under British authority to enable Rhodesia to proceed to legal independence and the parties to settle their differences by political means.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lancaster_House_Agreement (678 words)

	Lancaster House - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lancaster House is a mansion in the St.
		Lancaster House was commenced in the early nineteenth century for the Duke of York and Albany, the second son of King George III, and was initially known as York House, but it was a shell at his death.
		The House was in 1979 the scene of the Lancaster House Agreement, which was the agreement of independence from the United Kingdom of Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lancaster_House (433 words)

	Encyclopedia: Lancaster House
		Lancaster House is a mansion in the St James's district in the West End of London.
		Lancaster House was commenced in the early nineteenth century for the Duke of York and Albany, the second son of King George III, but was a shell at his death.
		The House of Lancaster is a term sometimes applied to one of the opposing factions involved in the Wars of the Roses, an intermittent civil war which affected England and Wales during the 15th century.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Lancaster-House (341 words)

	Encyclopedia: House of Lancaster
		The House is named Lancaster, because its members were all descended from John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster; their symbol was a red rose.
		The House of Tudor descends from the Lancasters by way of Margaret Beaufort, granddaughter of John of Gaunt, who married Edmund Tudor, earl of Richmond, and was the mother of Henry VII of England.
		House of Lancaster Henry IV (April 3, 1367 â€“ March 20, 1413) was born at boilingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, -=hence the other name by which he was known, Henry of boilingbroke.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/House-of-Lancaster (1540 words)

	Encyclopedia: Lancaster House Agreement
		Edson Jonasi Zvobgo (October 2, 1935 - August 22, 2004) was a founder of Zimbabwes ruling party Zanu-PF during the struggle years, was a member of the fl delegation to the Lancaster House in late 1979, a Harvard-trained lawyer, and a poet.
		Mugabe argues that land remains an issue because of the constraints placed on him by the 1979 Lancaster House agreement to end white rule in the former Rhodesia, and Britain's betrayal of the promises it made to ensure a settlement.
		At Lancaster House, Carrington assured Nkomo and Mugabe that lack of money would not be an obstacle to redistribution.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Lancaster-House-Agreement (1731 words)

	Land reform in Zimbabwe - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		After the Lancaster House Agreement paved the way for majority rule, and elections were won by Robert Mugabe in late February, 1980.
		In 1985 - The Land Acquisition Act, though drawn in the spirit of the 1979 Lancaster House "willing seller, willing buyer" clause (which could not be changed for 10 years), the Act gave the government the first right to purchase excess land for redistribution to the landless.
		At Lancaster House the British government made clear that the long-term requirements of land reform in Zimbabwe were beyond the capacity of any individual donor country.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Land_reform_in_Zimbabwe (1578 words)

	Zimbabwe: UK Approach to Land Reform Foreign & Commonwealth Office
		However, as promised at Lancaster House, the British Government did play a full part both before and after the international Zimbabwe Donors’ Conference (ZIMCORD) of March 1981 to encourage Western donors to take part and to respond generously to Zimbabwe’s requirements.
		There was no provision in the Lancaster House Agreement of 1979 to establish a specific fund to support land reform.
		At Lancaster House, the UK Government made clear that the long term requirements of land reform in Zimbabwe were beyond the capacity of any individual donor country.
	www.fco.gov.uk /servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1019745050212 (1948 words)

	Nyhamar: Transitions to Democracy
		On October 22, 1979, an agreement on the constitution of the future Zimbabwe was signed at Lancaster House in London.
		Agreement was reached with Lord Carrington fully in control of issues and proposals, in spite of many Patriotic Front attempts to wrestle the initiative from him (Davidow, 1984, pp.61-61).
		The CMF was a hostage to guarantee that parties reneging on the Lancaster House agreement needed to take long term external hostility into consideration as well as the admittedly limited immediate costs of taking on an additional 1,300 men.
	www.gmu.edu /academic/pcs/nymamar.html (10472 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search View - Zimbabwe
		The Lancaster House pre-independence agreement on the constitution provided for a bicameral body consisting of a 120-seat House of Assembly and a 40-seat Senate; the 20 seats in the House of Assembly reserved for white members under the Lancaster House Agreement were abolished late in 1987.
		When the agreement on the constitution expired in April 1990, the bicameral parliament was replaced by a new, single-chamber House of Assembly.
		An agreement was reached that provided for financial compensation for farmers whose land was to be redistributed.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761575825__1/Zimbabwe.html (6884 words)

	[No title]
		There is considerable evidence to indicate that the transition to majority rule in Zinbabwe, which was consummated at Lancaster House and came into effect on April 18, 1980, is now gathering momentum both economically and politically.
		The basic rights called for in the agreement such as the right to life, personal liberty, freedom from torture and inhuman treatment, freedom from deprivation of property, privacy and freedom of conscience, expression, and assembly are in effect.
		The House of Assembly and the Senate which were set up pursuant to the Lancaster House agreement have proven to be active political bodies in which substantive and frank debate is the order of the day.
	www.reagan.utexas.edu /archives/speeches/1981/40381c.htm (748 words)

	Lancaster House conference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1960 lack of agreement led Colonial Secretary McLeod to issue an interim constitution.
		In 1962 a framework for self-government was negotiated, and the 1963 conference in London finalized constitutional arrangements for Kenya's independence as a dominion.
		HARRISBURG, Pa. -- House Speaker John Perzel said he's seeking help from the state Supreme Court in drafting a lobbyist-disclosure bill.
	www.coolencyclopedia.com /words/Lancaster+House+conference (328 words)

	flags of rhodesia
		In 1978, an agreement was reached with the moderate fl African nationalist leaders for majority rule.
		During the Lancaster House talks held in London in 1979 between the British government, the government of Zimbabwe-Rhodesia, and the external marxist terrorist leaders, Mugabe and Nkomo, the weak willed Abel Muzorewa agreed to fresh elections.
		As part of the Lancaster house agreement, Rhodesia reverted briefly to British control, and to officially flying the Union Jack.
	rhodesian.server101.com /flags_of_rhodesia.htm (435 words)

	Online NewsHour -- Land Redistribution in Southern Africa: Zimbabwe Program
		The result was the Lancaster House Agreement, signed by British and fl Zimbabwean liberation leaders from the African National Conference, ZANU and ZAPU parties.
		The agreement marked the end of colonization but provided restrictions on land acquisition that protected white farm owners.
		By 1990 the willing-seller clause of the Lancaster House Agreement expired and Mugabe's government amended the constitution to allow compulsory acquisition of white-owned land.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/africa/land/gp_zimbabwe.html (1030 words)

	TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents
		The British and the African parties began deliberations on a Rhodesian settlement at Lancaster House in London on September 10, 1979.
		In October 1987, in accordance with the Lancaster House Accords, the constitution was amended to end the separate roll for white voters and to replace the whites whose reserved seats had been abolished; among the new members were 15 whites in the Senate and House of Assembly.
		After the remaining restrictions of the Lancaster House agreement expired on April 18, 1990, the government embarked on a campaign of amending the existing constitution.
	www.traveldocs.com /zw/history.htm (2958 words)

	LANCASTER HOUSE - Labour Employment and Human Rights Law Publishers
		This is Canada's only comprehensive dictionary of collective agreement language as interpreted by labour arbitrators, organized as an easy-to-use reference tool.
		Words and Phrases is an essential tool in bargaining, in grievance handling, in contract language - in any situation where you need to choose your words carefully.
		It is alphabetically organized, and provides a reference to cases decided under actual agreements.
	www.lancasterhouse.com /books/W&P/words.asp (120 words)

	Zimbabwe land agreement reflects West's concern over instability in Africa
		The agreement made at the Commonwealth conference in Abuja, Nigeria last week over the escalating land occupations reflects the growing concern by the Western powers over a dispute that has continued for the last 18 months.
		The agreement was reached between the Zimbabwean foreign minister and ministers representing Britain, Canada and Australia.
		In the 1979 Lancaster House Agreement that ended the war, however, Zanu made clear its real agenda—the taking of power by a narrow fl elite while accepting the continued domination of the Western powers over southern Africa, and collaborating with the white farmers and mine owners in developing a capitalist economy.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2001/sep2001/zim-s14.shtml (2484 words)

	Daily Nation On the Web
		Zimbabwe's independence in 1980 was achieved on the basis of the Lancaster House Agreement, which among other things, included an understanding that the British Government would provide funding for the purchase of land to resettle millions of landless people, i.e.
		The Lancaster House talks had deadlocked on the verge of collapse in late 1979 because the liberation movement was adamant that the land imbalance be addressed as part of the independence settlement.
		The root causes of this lack of progress were that the white farmers, buttressed by the entrenched clauses in the constitution which insisted on a "willing-buyer willing-seller" formula, simply refused to sell or demanded exorbitant prices.
	www.nationaudio.com /News/DailyNation/28062000/Comment/Comments1.html (844 words)

	Summary of Australian Participation in Peacekeeping Missions
		The CMF was established by the Commonwealth in December 1979 to supervise the implementation of the Lancaster House Agreement between the Government of Southern Rhodesia (itself in rebellion with the UK since 1965) and the guerrilla forces of the Patriotic Front.
		Under the agreement, authority was restored to the UK, a ceasefire implemented, a general election was held and independence achieved by the new Republic of Zimbabwe.
		Verification functions under the Oslo agreement included observation of a formal cessation of hostilities, the separation of forces and the demobilisation of URNG combatants in assembly points specifically prepared for this purpose.
	www.dva.gov.au /commem/commac/studies/anzacsk/res2.htm (5043 words)

	History of Zimbabwe :::: Bulawayo1872.com
		The Lancaster House Conference took place in late 1979, at which the British Government, the UANC and the Patriotic Front (ZANU and ZAPU) agreed to participate in new elections, which commenced on 27 February 1980.
		In 1990 ZANU Patriotic Front amended the Lancaster House Constitution and Mugabe was appointed President.
		The Lancaster House Agreement had stipulated that land transfers would take place with adequate compensation, but as Zimbabwe became deeper involved in helping Congo (Zaire) with their war, less money was available for compensation.
	www.bulawayo1872.com /history/zimhistory.htm (980 words)

	The Zimbabwe Independent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In Zimbabwe, the initial legislative framework was provided by Section 57 of the Constitution of the Republic of Zimbabwe (1979), negotiated at Lancaster House.
		It was part of the Lancaster House agreement that the constitution could be amended only after 1990.
		They provided no definition of either concepts, but adequate apparently meant "market value", while fair compensation was to be paid only for improvements to the land and not for the land as such.
	www.theindependent.co.zw /news/2004/June/Friday25/792.html (1090 words)

	The Zimbabwe Situation
		Thereafter, if we are able to reach agreement, we shall require a firm commitment in specific terms from your government that it is prepared to support our government to the fullest extent, that sanctions will be lifted, and that recognition will be granted.
		To be qualified for election to the House of Assembly a person must be enrolled as a voter, have attained the age of 21 and have been ordinarily resident in Zimbabwe for not less than five years during the last 20 years.
		If the House of Assembly at any time passes a motion of no confidence in the Government and the Prime Minister does not within three days resign or ask for a dissolution, the President will be required to dissolve Parliament.
	www.zimbabwesituation.com /nov25_2002.html (17088 words)

	Zimbabwe - Elections 2000 - Sustainable Democracy - SARDC
		The Lancaster House Agreement which became Zimbabwe’s constitution did not deal adequately with the question of land redistribution.
		The government argues that it was powerless to amend the colonial-tailored Lancaster Constitution in the first 10 years of independence as it had legal strictures safeguarding white minority interests in the new state.
		The Lancaster agreement prevented compulsory acquisition of property, including land during the first 10 years of independence.
	www.sardc.net /sd/elections2000/zimbabwe/zim_saga.html (1802 words)

	Ireland's OWN: History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It culminated in the Lancaster House agreement, following protracted negotiations in London between the liberation armies and the newly elected Tory government of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in 1979.
		The outcome ensured Black majority rule, based on the Lancaster House Constitution, which sealed the fate of the racist Rhodesia regime led by Ian Smith.
		A negotiated settlement was preferred and the Lancaster House conference, while laying the foundations for creating a more balanced country — which did occur to some degree — was nevertheless conceived as a basis for change that did not uproot the entire system of exploitation.
	irelandsown.net /zimbawe.html (3103 words)

	USAfricaonline - A Critique on the Zimbabwe Constitution
		Therefore, the Constitution of Zimbabwe was drafted at Lancaster House in 1979 in the context of the phases that the country's history went through.
		The constitutional agreement that formed the basis of the Constitution was characterized by two dynamics.
		During the first ten years of independence, the government of Zimbabwe could not equitably tackle the land issue because of the twin guarantees on land and property rights that were stipulated in the Lancaster House Agreement and the legal encumbrances that were contained in the draft Constitution that followed, thereafter.
	www.usafricaonline.com /Zimbabwe.html (1948 words)

	Global Research
		Under terms of the Victoria Agreement, every British soldier and volunteer was allowed 6,000 acres of land, and within a year 10,000 square miles of the most fertile land was seized.
		Under terms of the Lancaster House Agreement, Great Britain was required to provide funding for the purchase of farms.
		Land was at the heart of the liberation struggle, but the Zimbabwean delegation to the Lancaster House talks agreed to British and U.S. terms only after receiving promises of Western funding for the purchase of land.
	globalresearch.ca /articles/ELI505A.html (6968 words)

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