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Topic: Land hemisphere

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	Southern Hemisphere
		The Southern Hemisphere is the half of a planet's surface (or celestial sphere) that is south of the equator (the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball').
		The Southern Hemisphere is significantly less polluted than the Northern Hemisphere due to lower overall population densities, lower levels of industrialisation and smaller land masses (air currents run mostly west–east so pollution does not easily spread north or south).
		Hurricanes and tropical storms spin clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere (as opposed to counter-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere) due to the Coriolis effect.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/s/so/southern_hemisphere.html (543 words)

	Hemisphere - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The word hemisphere literally means "half sphere" or "half ball"; when used in the singular form, it refers to one of the halves of a spherical object.
		cerebellum, a smaller part of the brain, is also divided into hemispheres.
		Hemispheres (magazine), the inflight publication on United Airlines.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hemisphere (155 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Hemisphere
		Southern Hemisphere The Southern Hemisphere is the half of a planets surface (or celestial sphere) that is south of the equator (the word hemisphere literally means half ball).
		The word hemisphere is a geometric term that literally means 'half ball' and in geography the term is used when dividing the Earth into two halves.
		These hemispheres are based on the unambiguous reference points North and South Pole, which are defined by the Earth's axis of rotation and in turn define the equator.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Hemisphere (719 words)

	[No title]
		Thus it was that a great South Land appeared on the maps, the belief in the prodigious extension of which certainly received a severe shock by Abel Tasman's voyage of circumnavigation, but was only overthrown after Cook's great voyages had proved that any southern land which existed could not extend appreciably beyond the polar circle.
		If the globe is divided into hemispheres by the meridians of 2o° W. and 16o° E., as is usual in atlases, the eastern hemisphere, to which the Old World belongs, has 62% of its surface made up of water, while the western hemisphere, including America, has 81%.
		The continental shelf is the gentle slope which extends from the edge of the land to a depth usually about too, though in some cases as much as 300 fathoms, and is there demarcated by an abrupt increase in the steepness of the slope to ocean depths.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?locale=en&content_id=49158 (9333 words)

	Northern Hemisphere - Laky.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Northern Hemisphere is the half of a planet's surface (or celestial sphere) that is north of the equator (the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball').
		In the temperate regions of the hemisphere, winter lasts from December to March (though winter weather can begin as early as September and last into May or even June in arctic regions) and Summer from June to September.
		In theory, northern hemisphere winters would therefore tend to be shorter and less severe than southern hemisphere winters at equivalent latitudes, but in practice, the moderating effect of the larger southern hemisphere oceans more than compensates for this effect.
	www.laky.org /encyclopedia/Northern_Hemisphere (377 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The modern format of angle used to indicate longitude or latitude is hemisphere degree minute.decimal, where there are 60 minutes in a degree, for instance N 51 23.438 or E 090 58.928.
		In the southern hemisphere the name mollymawk is still well established in some areas, which is a corrupted form of malle-mugge, an old Dutch name for the Northern Fulmar.
		PM It is for the extension of national inSfluence in the Western Hemisphere, and Sx for the acquisition of Cuba and the dMil Sandwich Islands.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/H/Hemisphere.htm (1962 words)

	[No title]
		Average land ice cover is recorded for land areas and then land areas not covered by ice are assigned proportions of six vegetation or land cover categories modified from Hansen et al.
		Of the six land cover or vegetation types in Table 1, the land area of this cell is covered 20% by deciduous forest and 80% by evergreen vegetation.
		A 1°x1° "presence-absence" grid for land was constructed by determining the percentage of land within a given 1°x1° cell by summing the number of 1's (from the 5-minute data) and dividing by the total number of grid points (144).
	pubs.usgs.gov /of/of94-281/Core/meta/report.txt (1944 words)

	Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A retreat of sea-ice extent in the Arctic spring and summer of 10 to 15% since the 1950s is consistent with an increase in spring temperatures and, to a lesser extent, summer temperatures in the high latitudes.
		Vertical land movements, both upward and downward, are still occurring in response to these large transfers of mass from ice sheets to oceans.
		Vertical land movements caused by natural geological processes, such as slow movements in the Earth’s mantle and tectonic displacements of the crust, can have effects on local sea level that are comparable to climate-related impacts.
	www.grida.no /climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/013.htm (1646 words)

	Southern Hemisphere - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Southern Hemisphere is the half of a planet's surface (or celestial sphere) that is south of the equator (the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball').
		The Southern Hemisphere is significantly less polluted than the Northern Hemisphere due to lower overall population densities, lower levels of industrialisation, and smaller land masses (air currents run mostly east-west, so pollution doesn't easily spread north or south).
		In the Southern Hemisphere the sun passes from East to West in the North.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Southern_Hemisphere (349 words)

	MIT Western Hemisphere Project: Land Reform in Brazil
		Current law regulating land reform in Brazil (the Estatuto da Terra of 1964) was authored at the outset of Brazil's military dictatorship, based in the understanding that massive concentration of landholdings not only contributed to rural poverty but froze potentially productive assets and hindered development.
		Regardless of the view one takes of the MST or the strategy of land occupation as a means of achieving government action on land reform, it is indisputable that the movement has been the driving force behind the advances in land reform via expropriation that have taken place in the 1990s.
		Bank staff themselves have noted that it is owing to the mobilization of the MST that there is a land reform process occurring in Brazil for the bank to support.
	web.mit.edu /hemisphere/events/mst-ssed.shtml (876 words)

	Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The greater warming of the land in recent years is clear, but otherwise all three curves have a generally similar shape except that modest cooling of NMAT in the late 19th century is not seen in the SST data as noted for Figure 2.5.
		The CRU land data are generally about 0.1 to 0.2°C colder in the Northern Hemisphere except at the beginning of the record (early 1860s), when they agree, and rather colder than this in 1885 to 1890.
		Slightly greater warming of the global ocean than the global land in 1910 to 1945 (seen in Table 2.1) is within the uncertainties of either data set, as a slightly slower warming of the ocean might be expected on physical grounds.
	www.grida.no /climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/056.htm (1493 words)

	SOTC: Permafrost
		Permafrost underlies 12 to 18 percent of the exposed land surface in the Northern Hemisphere.
		Land under glaciers, rivers, and streams is often free of permafrost, despite freezing air temperatures at the surface (Williams and Smith 1989).
		Approximately 55 percent of the Northern Hemisphere's land surface is covered by seasonally frozen ground, which can last for a few weeks in the middle and lower latitudes, and for several months at high latitudes and high elevations (Zhang et al.
	www-nsidc.colorado.edu /sotc/permafrost.html (868 words)

	wind. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		This zonal pattern of winds is displaced northward and southward seasonally because of the inclination of the earth on its axis and the consequent migration of the belts of temperature and pressure.
		In addition, the pattern is considerably modified by the distribution of land and water, especially in the temperate regions, where temperature differences between land and water are greatest.
		The diurnal, or daily, heating and cooling of land near a lake or ocean of fairly constant temperature causes air to blow toward the relatively warmer land during the day (sea breeze) and toward the relatively warmer water at night (land breeze).
	www.bartleby.com /65/wi/wind.html (872 words)

	Orbital Effect on Weather Notes, 2004 / 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		That’s wrong, because the tilt of the northern hemisphere away from the Sun in January reduces the heat we receive (at mid-latitudes) by 50%; and in July, the tilt of the northern hemisphere towards the Sun increases the heat we receive by 50%.
		Land (1/2 land, 1/2 ocean in N) heats up a lot more in sunlight than ocean (90% ocean, 10% land in S), because (1) water needs a lot of heat to warm up, and (2) sunlight is absorbed only at the surface on land, but by tens of feet in the ocean.
		So that the Earth as a whole is warmest when at aphelion, furthest from the Sun, because that’s when the ‘land’ hemisphere in the N has its summer; and is coldest when at perihelion, closest to the Sun, because that’s when the ‘land’ hemisphere in the N has its winter.
	cseligman.com /orbitnotes.htm (2602 words)

	Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The former series is a straightforward average of local land areas, weighted according to their size, whereas the CRU series is a simple average of the two hemispheres which gives more weight to the relatively small area of the Southern Hemisphere land.
		Because the Northern Hemisphere land has warmed considerably faster than the Southern Hemisphere land since the mid-1980s (reflected in Table 2.1), the simple average results in less warming.
		Table 2.1 and Figure 2.1 show that the rate of global and hemispheric warming in land-surface air temperature from 1976 to 2000 was about twice as fast (but interannually more variable) than that for the period 1910 to 1945.
	www.grida.no /climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/053.htm (1241 words)

	Land Hemisphere Term Papers, Essay Research Paper Help, Essays on Land Hemisphere (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Since 1998, our Land Hemisphere experts have helped students worldwide by providing the most extensive, lowest-priced service for Land Hemisphere writing and research.
		We are available to write Land Hemisphere term papers for research—24 hours a day, 7 days a week—on topics at every level of education.
		Copyright © 1999-2006 Land Hemispheres Essays, Term Papers, Book Reports, and Research Papers from www.essaytown.com All rights reserved.
	www.essaytown.com /topics/land_hemisphere_essays_papers.html (803 words)

	The Sea--Gods' Cornucopia - Does God Exist? - MayJun03
		The southern hemisphere is made up of mostly water with massive amounts of the earth's southern surface being covered by oceans.
		When the earth is at its greatest distance from the sun, the northern hemisphere is tilted toward the sun so that the land is exposed to the sun's radiation.
		The waters in the southern hemisphere use their stored energy to fill in the energies not available from the sun moderating the losses that would otherwise occur.
	www.doesgodexist.org /MayJun03/TheSeaGodsCornucopia.html (808 words)

	Chapter I: The Framework of Hemisphere Defense
		The commitment to defend the whole hemisphere by force was a new departure in the military policy of the United States, although it was a natural outgrowth of American policy and practice under the Monroe Doctrine.
		With military expansion and in accordance with the new policy of hemisphere defense, the defensive perimeter was extended from the citadel.
		Marshall, described the naval aspects of hemisphere defense as "fundamental," and said: "As long as the British fleet remains undefeated and England holds out, the Western Hemisphere is in little danger of direct attack." But, he added, "the situation would become radically changed" if the British Fleet were sunk or surrendered.
	www.army.mil /CMH-PG/books/wwii/Guard-US/ch1.htm (4881 words)

	Land hemisphere: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The term hemisphere is used in three different meanings:...
		The water hemisphere, sometimes but not always capitalized as the water hemisphere, is a hemisphere on the earth centered on 47°13 s, 178°28 e....
		South america is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the southern hemisphere....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/la/land_hemisphere.htm (421 words)

	North and South Pole Differences
		Obviously there is a land mass at Antarctica which is part of the reason, but we see many "green" land areas in the North that are at a distance from the Pole that, were they at that distance from the South pole they would be covered with snow/ice.
		The land area of Antarctica happens to be at the pole and is surrounded by water, whereas there is little land area in the Arctic (it is mostly water covered).
		The meteorology of the southern hemisphere is less dynamic than the northern hemisphere because of there being less land mass in temperate areas (where most of the dynamic weather occurs in the northern hemisphere).
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/env99/env279.htm (647 words)

	Most of earth's land is in the Northern Hemisphere
		The majority of land and hence the majority of the world's population is in the Northern Hemisphere, so we tend to orient world maps with North at the top.
		If a globe was mounted with the South Pole upwards then most of the land would be on the underside of the globe and we'd all be bending over to see the land.
		Since most of the land is in the Northern Hemisphere, it's natural that the people who invented mechanical clocks would live in the Northern Hemisphere and would make the hands on their clocks mimic the direction a shadow moves on a sundial.
	home1.gte.net /deleyd/religion/solarmyth/nh.html (400 words)

	The Vast World Ocean (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In the south hemisphere 71% is ocean and 29% is land
		Because of the ratio of land in the two hemispheres the North
		Hemisphere is called the LAND HEMISPHERE, and the South
	mywebpage.netscape.com /_ht_a/egemeltem1/5web12sec1.htm (117 words)

	Ken's POTW 020704 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		I suspect that, in practice, this is a very complex problem dependent on the coefficient of restitution of the hemisphere and surface.
		Does the hemisphere rotate so that any part of it, with equal probability, may hit the ground the next time, or is its rotation a function of where on its surface it impacts the first, second or subsequent times.
		It is an easy excercise in Calculus to show that the centroid of a hemisphere is 3/8 of its radius from the center of the flat face.
	ken.duisenberg.com /potw/archive/arch02/020704sol.html (257 words)

	Land Mines -- Deadly Tradition in Colombia
		His left leg was blown off by a land mine a decade ago as he herded cows in a war-ravaged corner of northeast Colombia.
		Estimates by the army and independent land mine monitors put the total number of mines in Colombia at about 130,000 across 77,000 square miles -- about half the area of California -- in 25 of the country's 32 provinces.
		It was New Year's Day 1992 when Moreno stepped on the land mine -- the day after he played his last game of soccer and danced for the last time with his girlfriend in his hometown, Carmen de Chucuri in Santander province.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines01/0812-02.htm (1339 words)

	Temperature Time Series (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Mean land temperatures in the global Tropics have been above normal since the beginning of the decade, coincident with the beginning of a long period of warm [El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)] episode conditions in the tropical Pacific.
		Despite the weak cold episode conditions that prevailed during much of 1996 in the tropical Pacific, land surface temperatures in the Tropics continued to be much above normal, with the 1996 value surpassed only in 1983, 1987, and 1995.
		During previous cold episodes (e.g., 1975-76, 1988-89) land temperatures throughout the global Tropics were often colder than the longterm mean.
	www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov /products/assessments/assess_96/timeser.html (490 words)

	SOTC: Snow
		When snow covers the ground, some of the microwave energy emitted by the underlying soil is scattered by the snow grains; therefore, when moving from snow-free to snow-covered land surfaces, a sharp decrease in emissivity indicates the presence of dry snow.
		The time series of differences between the snow-covered area for each month in a given year and the long term average for that month (departure from the mean) indicate similar trends in the two data sets.
		Northern Hemisphere snow-covered area anomalies: Snow-covered area departures from monthly means for the Northern Hemisphere, 1979-2003, derived from visible (NOAA) and passive microwave (SMMR and SSM/I) satellite sensors.
	nsidc.org /sotc/snow_extent.html (850 words)

	www.travel-university.org - Oceanography
		According to recent measurements the centre of water land hemisphere is on the coast of France at the mouth of Loire and the centre of water hemisphere lies in the Pacific Ocean.
		The latitude between 35 o - 65 o N the land amounts to 55.4% of the total area and the equator ward tapering of the continent is predominant.
		The land and sea ratio in the northern hemisphere is 1:1.5 and in the southern hemisphere it is 1:4.2.
	www.travel-university.org /general/geography/oceanography (613 words)

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