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Topic: Land reclamation

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	Land Reclamation/Acid Mine Drainage
		This webpage contains articles on land reclamation and acid mine drainage, with links to related subject sites.
		Reclamation of Abandoned Coal Mine Waste in Korea Using Lime Cake By-Products -
		Tree Recruitment and Growth on 20-Year-Old, Unreclaimed Surface Mined Lands in West Virginia
	www.wvu.edu /~agexten/landrec/land.htm (465 words)

	21st Century Singapore - Land Reclamation
		Land reclamation works in the past used to be carried out from depths of 5-10m.
		Land reclamation has modified the coastline of Singapore, extending it seawards, especially on the eastern, north-eastern and western parts of the island, and changing it quite beyong recognition.
		The landfill mothod is used to reclaim land from the coast and the swamps in Singapore.
	library.thinkquest.org /C006891/reclamation.html (498 words)

	Florida Institute of Phosphate Research - Reclamation
		The Florida Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Mine Reclamation's Mandatory Phosphate section is responsible for administering the rules related to the reclamation of lands mined for phosphate after June 1975 and the rules related to Environmental and Wetland Resource Permits for phosphate mined lands.
		Phosphate mining disturbs 4,000-6,000 acres of land annually; approximately 25-30% of these lands are isolated wetlands or wetlands connected to waters of the state, according to a December 2002 Bureau of Mine Reclamation report.
		Once reclamation has been satisfactorily completed in accordance with permit requirements, the operator of the mine may be "released" from further obligation to maintain or improve the reclaimed land.
	www.fipr.state.fl.us /research-area-reclamation.htm (1352 words)

	Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Mineral Land Regulation and Reclamation
		The program is a fee-based statewide (except Columbia County and tribal lands) program with authority to regulate all upland and underground mining on all lands by issuing an Operating Permit.
		Currently 5807 acres (~ 9 square miles) are under reclamation bond and 2560 acres have been reclaimed to a variety of uses since the program was initiated in 1972.
		In Oregon the eligibility for a parcel of land to be mined rests with land-use authority, most commonly a county.
	egov.oregon.gov /DOGAMI/mlr/mlrhome.shtml (747 words)

	Mined Land Reclamation Permit
		Certain extraction of minerals in aid of construction projects or agricultural activities may be exempt from the permitting requirements of the Mined Land Reclamation Law.
		The legislature hereby declares that it is the policy of this state to foster and encourage the development of an economically sound and stable mining industry, and the orderly development of domestic mineral resources and reserves necessary to assure satisfaction of economic needs compatible with sound environmental management practices.
		As part of an ongoing environmental forum series, the Albany Law School convened a panel discussion on "Sustainable Development and Mining: Perspectives on New York State’s Mined Land Reclamation Law" Gregory H. Sovas, former Division Director, participated as one of the four panelists.
	www.dec.state.ny.us /website/dmn/minedland01.html (432 words)

	CHAPTER 5 - LAND RECLAMATION - PRIMARY
		Reclamation is returning the land to the way it was before mining.
		Land is put back into good shape after the mining of the coal is all done.
		After reclamation of mined land is completely finished, people are not able to see any evidence that mining activity ever took place there.
	www.coaleducation.org /lessons/primary/land/chapter5.htm (351 words)

	TDEC: WPC: Abandoned Mine Lands Reclamation
		The Land Reclamation Section is responsible for reclaiming those mine sites that have been designated as "abandoned", meaning those sites which have been mined prior to surface mining laws, those sites with no reclamation bond, or those sites where there is no continuing obligation to the mine operator(s).
		Land Reclamation staff are responsible for identifying potential reclamation project sites, designing reclamation plans and specifications for those sites, awarding reclamation contracts, and inspecting the reclamation work as it progresses.
		The Land Reclamation Section is also responsible for reclaiming those mine sites where reclamation bonds (posted by the mine operator) were collected by the State because of inadequate reclamation.
	www.state.tn.us /environment/wpc/programs/abandmine (718 words)

	Land reclamation Summary
		Besides physically reshaping the land, for reclamation to succeed the essential needs of erosion control, topsoil replacement, and nurturing and protecting young vegetation until it can survive on its own must be met.
		Land reclamation is the creation of agricultural or inhabitable land, generally through irrigation.
		Land reclamation (also called land rehabilitation) is also the process of cleaning up a site that has sustained environmental degradation, such as strip mining.
	www.bookrags.com /Land_reclamation (2049 words)

	ARIPPA \| Land Reclamation
		Abandoned coal mines and mine refuse piles generate many adverse impacts upon surrounding land and water: concentrated levels of acid mine drainage are released into local waterways; unstable waste piles may collapse and threaten the safety of nearby communities; the scenic and recreational quality of the landscape is ruined.
		The reclamation efforts of ARIPPA members proceed in parallel with the removal of unsightly piles of coal waste.
		The reclamation process reduces the amount of acid mine drainage and acidic runoff to groundwater, streams, and rivers.
	www.arippa.org /landreclamation.asp (370 words)

	Reclamation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Reclamation is the process of reclaiming something from loss or from a less useful condition.
		It is generally used of water reclamation, which, a century ago meant damming streams (thus the US Bureau of Reclamation owning dams), and now has come to be used to describe wastewater reclamation.
		Water reclamation is a process by which water used in houses and businesses goes down the drain and becomes wastewater, which is then cleaned using biological and chemical processes so the water can be returned to the environment safely to augment the natural systems from which they came.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reclamation (525 words)

	Markets: Land Reclamation & Remediation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Land may become vacant, derelict or contaminated as a result of a variety of human activities and may remain in a state that poses a risk to human health and the environment for considerable periods of time.
		Reclamation of these sites needs soil and other soil making materials in order to achieve the standards of restoration or reclamation required and this requirement will normally mean that organic material and nutrients will have to be added in significant quantities to basic recovered materials.
		The main regulatory controls on vacant, derelict or contaminated land in Scotland are through the planning system and a series of environmental legislation, particularly Part IIA of the Environmental Protection Act 1990, Environment Act 1995, and The Contaminated Land (Scotland) Regulations 2000.
	www.remade.org.uk /Organics/markets_landreclamation.htm (536 words)

	State of the Environment - Land Indicators
		The goal of the reclamation program is to ensure that abandoned wells are reclaimed in a timely manner, and have a land capability that is equivalent to pre-drilling conditions.
		This reduces the potential for land to remain unused or unusable due to the presence of unfavorable or adverse conditions.
		Reclamation and abandonment rates should be similar to prevent future liabilities associated with a buildup of uncertified wells.
	www3.gov.ab.ca /env/soe/land_indicators/40_oilgas_reclamation.html (465 words)

	Abandoned Mine Program
		Conduct reclamation for the protection of public health, safety, general welfare and property from the adverse effects of past coal mining practices which constitute an extreme danger.
		Reclamation of abandoned mines in rural areas, particularly in wild life habitat management is implemented to encourage the presence of game species, is having a positive impact on hunting.
		Abandoned mine reclamation and associated drainage abatement to provide protection for existing recreational fishing streams, reduce stress in the aquatic environment caused by water pollution, remove potential pollution sources which could harm the fishery resources, and restore streams that could support a fish population.
	www.mde.state.md.us /Programs/WaterPrograms/MiningInMaryland/MineReclamationProgram/index.asp (834 words)

	Use of Reclamation Project Land and Water Surfaces
		Consideration of applications to use Reclamation project lands and water surfaces is completely discretionary and Reclamation reserves the right to refuse to authorize any use which may be incompatible with the federally-authorized purposes of Reclamation projects or interferes with Reclamation's rights or operations.
		Reclamation will determine if the requested use is compatible with authorized project purposes, is in the best interests of the public, and is consistent with appropriate resources management and environmental considerations for the area.
		Upon receipt by Reclamation of the signed contract and the payment of the market-based rent, you will be authorized to use the land or water surface requested in your application.
	www.usbr.gov /pmts/lands (1051 words)

	Land Reclamation and Restoration :: Option of Land Management MSc (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Land management is a major industry which presents increasingly complex challenges to a growing international audience.
		In the UK alone there are greater than 300,000 hectares of contaminated land, a problem that is mirrored worldwide.
		The course aims to equip graduates with a systematic understanding of the science and practice of land reclamation, remediation and restoration and in the management of land reclamation schemes.
	www.silsoe.cranfield.ac.uk /courses/msc_lrr (351 words)

	Land Use -- CARE Energy
		Coal mining is a temporary use of the land, therefore, the coal mining industry is uniquely positioned, during reclamation, to rehabilitate, reconstruct and even develop new, highly functional wetlands.
		Utilities commonly open their lands and waters to the public for such recreational activities as fishing, hunting, boating, picnicking, camping, hiking and wildlife viewing.
		They also open many tracts of their land to federal, state, county, local and municipal agencies for use as parks, wildlife refuges, game management areas and natural sanctuaries.
	www.careenergy.com /cleaner_environment/land_use.asp (497 words)

	Land reclamation by the coast -
		Reclamation Land reclamation by the coast usually means that sea is landfilled to create more useful land area.
		Land reclamation is usually at the price of the environment.
		Analytical studies on the impact of land reclamation on ground water flow...
	www.oceansatlas.org /cds_static/en/land_reclamation_coast__en_18008_all_1.html (440 words)

	Land Reclamation Abandoned Mine Lands - MoDNR (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Restoration of land and water resources and the environment previously degraded by the adverse effects of past coal mining practices.
		Reclamation costs are solely the responsibility of the Abandoned Mine Land Section.
		However, landowners who purchased their land after 1977 and have reclamation conducted by AML on their property may be subject to a lien being placed on the property for any projected increase in land value.
	www.dnr.mo.gov /env/lrp/reclamation/aml/amlinfo.htm (718 words)

	45-6B MINED LAND RECLAMATION
		The reclamation plan shall be based on provision for, or satisfactory explanation of, all general requirements for the type of reclamation proposed to be implemented by the operator.
		The land is unsuitable for a mining operation, as determined pursuant to § 45-6B-33.
		Reclamation of the affected land pursuant to the requirements of this chapter is not physically or economically feasible;
	legis.state.sd.us /statutes/DisplayStatute.aspx?Type=StatuteChapter&Statute=45-6b (5480 words)

	Mined Land Use Plan
		The applicant's mining and reclamation plans shall describe the mining method as designated by the applicant on the basis of current or anticipated mining practices, and the reclamation method, having as its objective the preparation of the affected land for a future productive use.
		The proposed method of operating a mine and the method of reclaiming the affected land to achieve the applicant's land-use objective shall be compatible with sound environmental management practices.
		Indicate whether reclamation will be concurrent with mining or at termination (note: we encourage the performance of concurrent reclamation as much as possible).
	www.dec.state.ny.us /website/dmn/minedland05.html (830 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Missouri Abandoned Mine Land Reclamation Plan
		With six Land Reclamation Specialists and a registered professional engineer on the AML Section staff, the LRP has the technical capability to respond rapidly to AML emergency situations.
		However, these standards are not applicable to the actual language of State and Tribal abandoned mine land reclamation plans and revisions thereof since each such plan is drafted and promulgated by a specific State or Tribe, not by OSM.
		Decisions on proposed abandoned mine land reclamation plans and revisions thereof submitted by a State or Tribe are based [[Page 19876]] on a determination of whether the submittal meets the requirements of Title IV of SMCRA (30 U.S.C. 1231-1243) and 30 CFR parts 884 and 888.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/1998/April/Day-22/i10580.htm (2066 words)

	land reclamation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		However, one often involves restoring the land to a more natural state while the other is by definition a major change from the area's natural state.
		Notable examples include the city of Washington, DC (which is built on land that was once swamp) and the polders of the Netherlands.
		Land reclamation is also the process of cleaning up a site that has sustained environmental damage.
	en.mcfly.org /land_reclamation (169 words)

	NBMA - Biosolids Land Reclamation Facts
		Soil improvement and land reclamation projects use onetime or infrequent applications of large quantities of biosolids to increase the amount of nutrients and organic matter in the poor or damaged soil.
		Copper mine reclamation: After seeing the results of successful demonstration plots, the Greater Vancouver Regional District in British Columbia has begun using biosolids to reclaim portions of the Similco copper mine near Princeton, B.C. The goal of this project is to revegetate extensive areas of piled rock and mine tailings and stabilize slopes.
		Road reclamation: The Mountains to Sound Greenway Trust, centered in King County, Washington, is applying GroCo biosolids compost to revegetate logging road scars and landings in the foothills of the Cascade Mountains along the Interstate 90 corridor.
	www.nwbiosolids.org /Facts_landreclaim.htm (735 words)

	"USGS Fact-Sheet-015-97 -- Mind-Land Reclamation in the Thar Desert, India-INDO--U.S. Technology Exhange"
		New Federal mined land reclamation regulations have increased industrial stewardship awareness and interest in landscape rehabilitation but the scientific basis for understanding how sustainable reclamation systems are achieved, especially in the desert regions, is just beginning to be developed.
		New lands are not always available for irrigation development, the cost of development is often prohibitive, and soils that are available are often marginal (i.e., low fertility, sandy texture, and saline).
		Because the use of row crops is an impractical approach to land reclamation, the planting of a mixture of shrubs, used for animal browsing and nitrogen fixation, and grasses used for land stabilization and animal grazing, seems appropriate.
	pubs.usgs.gov /fs/fs-0015-97 (1193 words)

	Reclamation Research Group - land reclamation
		The Reclamation Research Group, LLC is an environmental service company emphasizing ecological restoration of degraded riparian and upland habitats.
		The Reclamation Research Group is a technology spin-off from Montana State University where the Reclamation Research Unit pioneered similar work for over 40 years.
		These services are built on a scientific foundation of chemistry, plant ecology, soil science, hydrology, geology, reclamation science and further guided by a cumulative 100 years of professional experience of the founding members.
	www.landreclamation.net /default.htm (144 words)

	Land Reclamation
		In 1977, Congress passed a law that sets minimum reclamation standards for both surface and underground operations, particularly regarding the effects on the surface from mining.
		Coal firms in Illinois also have done their best through land reclamation programs to offset the loss or destruction of wetlands.
		Because of reclamation, mined lands in Illinois continue to be restored to their original use capabilities or, in some instances, to an even more productive level than that which existed prior to mining.
	www.ilcoalassn.com /reclamation.html (158 words)

	Mineral Information Institute - Coal Mine Reclamation Stories
		Most lands reclaimed after coal mining are "invisible" - the land is returned to a condition matching or improving its original use.
		Kingston Mining Resources was presented with a reclamation award for the effective use of modern methodology in the construction and maintenance of a coal refuse disposal area.
		Roblee Coal was presented with an award for reclamation at the Hackers Creek Mine for continuous and conscientious efforts to conduct underground mining operations with a minimal environmental disturbance.
	www.mii.org /reclcoal.html (3387 words)

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