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Topic: Land reform in Zimbabwe

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	FAST TRACK LAND REFORM IN ZIMBABWE
		Zimbabwe's several hundred thousand farm workers have been largely excluded from the program, and many have lost their jobs, driven from the farms where they work by violence or laid off because of a collapse in commercial agricultural production.
		In many ways, those most disadvantaged by the fast track land reform program are landless farm workers: large numbers of farm workers have been laid off from paid work; yet farm workers have not been among the groups targeted to benefit from land reallocations.
		It is important that the rule of law be restored to the land reform program; not for the protection of existing commercial farming interests, but to ensure that redistribution of land is carried out fairly and to bring an end to state-sponsored violence and impunity for violent crime.
	www.hrw.org /reports/2002/zimbabwe/ZimLand0302.htm (2256 words)

	Land reform in Zimbabwe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Zimbabwe, the question of land distribution and redistribution (land reform) is perhaps the most crucial and the most bitterly contested political issue today.
		Thus some land was purchased by the land fund, but few peasants were resettled while hundreds of abandoned and expropriated white farms ended up in the hands of cabinet ministers, senior government officials and wealthy indigenous businessmen.
		Land reform was an important step in achieving economic development in many Third World countries since the post-World War II period, especially in the East Asian Tigers and "Tiger Cubs" nations such as Taiwan, South Korea, and Malaysia
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Land_reform_in_Zimbabwe (2203 words)

	Push For Reform In Zimbabwe, Police Seal Off City Square, Preventing Pro-Democracy Rallies - CBS News
		Zimbabwe riot police quelling a similar rally earlier this year in Harare.
		The civic organization used the rally to launch a campaign for democratic reforms to the constitution, but the gathering was smaller than planned because of the police confusion, Madhuku said.
		In an agreement signed in September in Abuja, Nigeria, Zimbabwe pledged an immediate end to violence and farm invasions in return for British funding for orderly land reform.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/2000/07/30/world/main220082.shtml (524 words)

	CNN.com - Q&A: Zimbabwe land reform - August 16, 2001
		Many of those white farmers facing invasion of their land by war veterans now are being confronted by the same people they faced at the time of the bush war, 25 years ago.
		Traditionally the land has been owned by the fls, but after the white settlers arrived a small amount was split and left with the fls in areas called native reservations, now called communal lands.
		Zimbabwe has a population of about 13 million fls and 100,000 whites -- 4,000 of whom are white farmers.
	edition.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/africa/08/16/zimbabwe.brief/index.html (1262 words)

	Zimbabwe Land Conflict
		While approximately 300,000 small farmers were provided with five to ten hectares of land, and land was set aside for 51,000 fl commercial farmers, the entire process was legally unclear and characterized by extreme violence, intimidation, and displacement.
		In 1992, the Land Acquisition Act gave the government power to obtain land, provided they fairly compensated the previous owner, but by the end of the 1990s, land redistribution by the government was at a standstill.
		Silent Bhauleni, a fifty-five year old farm worker whose former employer lost his farm to land reform, says that fl owners "expect us to provide them with labor on their farms for free, or for very little money." He also says that workers are not given full-time employment, but instead are contracted out.
	www.american.edu /TED/ice/zimbabwe.htm (1985 words)

	Kubatana - Archive - Land reform programme in Zimbabwe: disparity between policy design and implementation - Medicine ...
		Moyo (Zimbabwe Mirror, 2-5 February 1998) correctly noted that the government tended to rationalise land acquisition and redistribution on the basis of historical grievances and political demands at the expense of valid economic rationale.
		The current land reforms in the two countries thus, cannot be taken in an economic context alone.
		However mass land occupations, as is the case with Zimbabwe can be avoided if current modes of land reform (restoration of ancestoral land, acquisition of land and securing land tenure) can deliver results to the satisfaction of the fl majority.
	www.kubatana.net /html/archive/agric/040530ids.asp?sector=AGRIC (1577 words)

	White Farms, Black Farmers
		By 1914, notes Steve Lawton in "British Colonialism, Zimbabwe's Land Reform and Settler Resistance", 3 percent of the population controlled 75 percent of the land.
		Land reform was an act of anti-colonialist, ideologically-motivated defiance.
		According to "Rural poverty: Commercial farm workers and Land Reform in Zimbabwe", a paper presented at the SARPN conference on Land Reform and Poverty Alleviation in Southern Africa, in June 2001, only about one third of the most destitute fl farm workforce have been imported as casual and seasonal workers from neighboring countries.
	samvak.tripod.com /landreform.html (1846 words)

	british colonialism, zimbabwe's land reform and settler resistance : IMC-SA
		In a relatively short period of time to 1914, the division of land became vastly disproportionate: Just three per cent of the population controlled 75 per cent of the land, while most of the rest were harshly restricted to a mere 23 per cent of the worst land in designated Reserves.
		This underlying factor of social and economic destabilisation is crucial to the progress of the land reform programme and, ultimately, for the farm invasions.
		The attack on Zimbabwe's leader and its Government is a familiar approach that we continue to see in the denigration of political leaders in all countries targeted by US and British imperialism.
	southafrica.indymedia.org /mail.php?id=2613 (3198 words)

	Zimbabwe @ National Geographic Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		With the onset of land reform in Zimbabwe, whites lost farms, fls lost jobs, and the country that once fed much of southern Africa lost the means to feed itself.
		Land reform in Zimbabwe forced whites off farms, fls out of jobs, and the country into a state of starvation.
		Land seizures in Zimbabwe are but one part of the economic and political crisis that has encompassed the country.
	magma.nationalgeographic.com /ngm/0308/feature5/index.html (1027 words)

	UN - Mugabe's 'Land Reform' Leading Zimbabwe To Famine
		"Zimbabwe is facing an unprecedented food catastrophe, which will ripple throughout the region," it said, warning of the effects of Robert Mugabe's land reform policy.
		The WFP blamed Zimbabwe's food shortages on poor rainfall and a reduction in planting by commercial farming enterprises resulting from President Robert Mugabe's controversial land reform programme.
		"Land acquisitions in Zimbabwe have had a dramatic effect on the amount [of food] that should have been produced in the country.
	www.rense.com /general24/une.htm (574 words)

	Updating The Wisconsin Idea
		The Cooperative Agreement on Land Reform and Resettlement in Zimbabwe, a joint project between the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in Zimbabwe and the UW-Madison's Land Tenure Center, was launched in the fall of 1999 to provide technical assistance, training, capacity building, and research in support of Zimbabwe's land reform and resettlement program.
		The media descended upon Zimbabwe and its land reform crisis in February and March of this year, with reports that white-owned Zimbabwean farms were being occupied by fl squatters and former civil war soldiers.
		These efforts seek to transfer land ownership from the state and the wealthy to the socially disadvantaged in a way that is equitable, serves the needs of the poor, maintains or increases productivity, and sustains the country's environment.
	www.cals.wisc.edu /wfsp/no-10/10-3b.html (585 words)

	Land Reform in Zimbabwe: Farm-level Effects and Cost-benefit Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		We analyze the impact of the reform on resettled farm households and as a development project for which we conduct cost-benefit analysis.
		The results of our analysis indicate that a government-supported land reform could be economically viable under what we consider as realistic assumptions regarding the performance of the beneficiaries and the costs that will be faced by the government and other stakeholders.
		They are driven by the assumption that the land reform is carried out in a manner that allows farmers on the resettled lands to achieve their productive potential.
	www.ifpri.org /divs/tmd/dp/tmdp84.htm (356 words)

	Land Reform, Gender and Environmental Management in Zimbabwe
		Zimbabwe is currently in a political crisis largely being played out through the question of redressing the colonial legacy of inequitable land distribution.
		This research program focuses on this intersection of land reform, environmental policy and women’s interests in land, both in its ideological dimensions of ideas about gender, land and environmental management, and in its practical implications for local institutional development, agricultural practices, environmental management and the implications for women as farmers.
		As such the research will make an important contribution to debates about land reform in Zimbabwe, in which women’s interests are marginalized despite their major role in agriculture, and in which connections between gender and the environment have not registered within the more macro concerns of race, class and international political economy.
	www.queensu.ca /sarc/Projects/LGE.htm (594 words)

	Amazon.ca: Gender and Land Reform : The Zimbabwe Experience: Books: Allison Goebel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Zimbabwe's nationalist and post-colonial ambitions have been largely defined by land reform.
		Based on fieldwork in the Sengezi resettlement area in east central Zimbabwe in the late 1990s and 2002, Gender and Land Reform situates gender within the larger issues of race, class, and international political economy.
		Her study emphasizes the strategic choices women make in new institutional and household contexts and considers the interests of poor women who have been marginalized within the land reform process.
	www.amazon.ca /Gender-Land-Reform-Zimbabwe-Experience/dp/0773529071 (348 words)

	The Echo \|\| The case of Zimbabwe's land reform (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Zimbabwe has attempted to reclaim land from white farmers that originally belonged to Zimbabweans.
		The land reform in Zimbabwe has seen nearly 4,000 white commercial farmers evicted from Zimbabwe since the year 2000.
		Similarly, these war veterans are responsible for the eviction of white farmers that began in 2000 and initiated land reform in Zimbabwe.
	www.warren-wilson.edu /~echo/110405/zimbabwe.html (476 words)

	United Nations - OCHA IRIN \| Web Special \| Land reform in Southern Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Historically marginalised, Zimbabwe's commercial farm workers complain that they have again been disadvantaged by the country's land reform programme.
		Prior to land reform, an estimated 320,000 to 350,000 farm workers were employed on commercial farms owned by about 4,500 white farmers.
		Farm workers have called for a humanitarian food aid intervention programme, and a recognised stake in land reform from the government.
	www.irinnews.org /webspecials/landreformsa/Zimbabwe.asp (978 words)

	The Coffees of Zimbabwe
		Zimbabwe's future does not look as bright as it did 10 years ago, when it was a model of progress in East Africa.
		The land of Zimbabwe is primarily covered with savanna; a particularly lush grass grows during the moist summers.
		Zimbabwe established strict classification and grading standards in order to insure that fine quality coffees would be produced for export.
	www.sweetmarias.com /coffee.africa.zimbabwe.html (1179 words)

	Abuja Accord to Speed up Land Reform in Zimbabwe
		The recently-reached accord in Abuja will not delay the land reform program in Zimbabwe, instead it will speed it up as white commercial farmers who have been contesting the acquisition of their farms are expected to withdraw their cases from court, Zimbabwean Foreign Minister Stan Mudenge has said.
		Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe Sunday described the Abuja land initiative as a victory for both his government and white farmers, saying it is important that the meeting accepted that land was at the core issue of the conflict between fls and whites in the country.
		Zimbabwe and Britain reached the agreement at a Commonwealth meeting on the Zimbabwe land crisis on September 6.
	english.peopledaily.com.cn /english/200109/10/eng20010910_79737.html (1088 words)

	Zimbabwe Project Outputs
		‘Land Reform and Resettlement in Zimbabwe: Proposal for a Cooperative Agreement with the Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison.’ LTC: August.
		Proposal for a Cost-Extension of the Cooperative Agreement with the Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison.’ LTC/CASS: July.
		Marimira, Susan C. ‘An Institutional and Organizational Framework for Land Reform: The Case of Zimbabwe.’ Proposal awarded funding under the BASIS Zimbabwe Mentors Program.
	www.ies.wisc.edu /ltc/zimbabwe/outputs.html (1401 words)

	Land Reform in Zimbabwe Can Succeed
		Zimbabwe's land reform programme will not jeopardise the country's food security needs, as it is designed to give more land to the people who produce the bulk of the nation's food requirements.
		Whites constitute less than one percent of the population, yet they still own 70 percent of all the prime land, while a million fl families are still settled on barren land after being forced to vacate their original fertile areas by the colonial rulers.
		Zimbabwe's agricultural sector is dominated by two major players, commercial farmers and peasant farmers in communal areas.
	www.progress.org /archive/land12.htm (705 words)

	Zimbabwe's Land Reform on Commonwealth's Agenda
		The decision comes as a delegation led by Zimbabwe's foreign minister is preparing to discuss the country's controversial land reform program with British counterparts in the Nigerian capital.
		But the land seizures, in addition to a government record of persecution of journalists and opposition political leaders, have led to calls for sanctions against the southern African country.
		Zimbabwe's foreign minister is to meet a British delegation, led by Foreign Secretary Jack Straw.
	www.voanews.com /english/archive/2001-09/a-2001-09-06-1-Zimbabwe-s.cfm (333 words)

	Pambazuka News : Land and land rights
		The seizure of prime land in Kenya by white settlers taken during the colonial era and the land grabbing which occurred post independence by powerful fl elites are responsible for abject poverty amongst indigenous and nomadic communities in Kenya...
		An estimated 80 percent of Kenya's land mass is dedicated to pastoralism - a system primarily based on raising livestock in arid and semi-arid areas - yet it remains a much misunderstood way of life, according to participants in a workshop on pastora...
		Faith- and community-based organisations say they are disappointed with the lack of progress in land reform as mapped out at the government’s National Land Summit two years ago and have urged the government to halt the evictions of people living on f...
	www.pambazuka.org /en/category/land (1696 words)

	Zimbabwe Land Reform
		Land possession has been a major area of dispute for whites and fls in Zimbabwe for decades.
		Moreover, much of the land that had been distributed, remained in the hands of the fl elites, and was not accessible for lower-class Zimbabweans.
		In 1998, international donor governments that had contributed to financing land reforms, held a conference on increased government enforced acquisition of land.
	www.hrcr.org /hottopics/zimbabwe.html (632 words)

	Failure of "Fast track" land reform - Zimbabwe
		The so-called "Fast track" land reform by the Mugabe regime is deemed by the UNDP (UN Development Programme) to be a main cause of "the present political and social instability".
		The report, based on a UNDP mission to Zimbabwe from 13 November to 5 December, was called for in the Abuja Agreement on land reform signed by the Zimbabwe government in September last year.
		Under the original land reform programme, 5 million hectares of land were ear-marked for resettlement.
	www.edcnews.se /Research/ZimFastTrackUNDP.html (1124 words)

	Elections and Reform in Zimbabwe
		Madhuku highlighted the contradictions inherent in the Zanu-PF's claims, on the one hand, that Zimbabwe is a democratic state, while insisting that legitimate authority in Zimbabwe derives from participation in the liberation struggle rather than from democratic practices and principles.
		Madhuku was skeptical that the upcoming elections would be free and fair, especially in light of the recent enactment of new laws constraining the freedom of the media, curbing the right to organize and hold meetings, and preventing human rights organizations from receiving funds from outside the country.
		He stated his belief that international sanctions on Zimbabwe would be counter-productive, in that Mugabe would continue to turn these to his advantage by charging that sanctions were evidence that opposition voices were puppets of the West.
	www.wilsoncenter.org /index.cfm?fuseaction=news.item&news_id=107310 (584 words)

	Straw offers £36m for Zimbabwe land reform - Telegraph
		The meeting of Commonwealth ministers is part of an intense diplomatic effort to avoid a damaging split at next month's summit of Commonwealth leaders in Brisbane.
		Zimbabwe wants the Abuja talks to deal exclusively with demands that Britain pay for the acquisition of white-owned farms.
		Zimbabwe also announced that it had accepted an offer of 2.5 million acres of land from white farmers to resettle 20,000 fl families.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2001/09/06/wzim06.xml (359 words)

	Backgrounder -Land Reform in Zimbabwe
		the population) was allocated 30 per cent of the land.
		It was a struggle for land on the land.
		land reform programme was targeted at the landless; war veterans; the
	www.landaction.org /display.php?article=61 (3237 words)

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