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Topic: Land rights

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	U.N. Seminar on Indigenous Land Rights & Claims
		The recognition of rights of indigenous peoples to specific lands which they occupy cannot be separated from the recognition of other rights, within larger areas necessary for their material and cultural development.
		Land rights and compensation issues arising from the taking or use of indigenous lands for military or security purposes, whether in war or in peacetime, can raise special problems, which need to be addressed by Governments and the international community.
		Land rights settlements should be freely negotiated, in good faith and not imposed unilaterally by legislation or negotiated under duress or threat.
	arcticcircle.uconn.edu /SEEJ/unresolution.html (1968 words)

	Land rights - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Because land is a limited resource and property rights include the right to exclude others, land rights are a form of monopoly.
		In western culture, land rights are derived from the sovereign; thus, a land value tax is sometimes referred to as rent.
		Land rights and related resource rights are of fundamental importance to the worlds indigenous peoples since they constitute the basis of their economic livelihood and are the source of their spiritual and cultural identity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Land_rights (237 words)

	Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Australian history, the Aboriginal Land Rights Act established the basis upon which Aboriginal people in the Northern Territory could claim rights to land based on traditional occupation.
		The act, the first of the Aboriginal Land Rights Acts, was signed by the Governor-General of Australia 16 December 1976.
		Central Land Council is in the southern half of the Northern Territory
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aboriginal_Land_Rights_Act (181 words)

	People's Daily Online -- China grapples with thorny issue of rural land rights
		The area of land seized illegally for development nationwide had jumped 20 percent in the first five months of this year, according to the Ministry of Land and Resources.
		Without secure land rights, local officials can unpredictably and arbitrarily reallocate, or even sell to a developer, a farmer's piece of land without his or her consent, Prof.
		This fifth version of the draft law emphasizes farmers' rights to their contracted land is a "usufruct" right: the right to use and enjoy the profits and advantages of the land for 30 years.
	english.people.com.cn /200609/01/eng20060901_298824.html (1324 words)

	HIGH STAKES \| LAND RIGHTS AND POLICY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The disregard for native rights and the forest ecosystem is also demonstrated by the rejection of all the numerous applications made by native communities for the demarcation of Communal Forests for the harvesting of forest produce.
		These rights to land and resources have been systematically ignored by the logging industry and breaches of native peoples' property rights have gone largely unpunished by the state, despite an increasing number of court cases brought on behalf of community representatives and individuals.
		Rights to land and resources have been systematically ignored by the logging industry and breaches of native peoples' property rights have gone largely unpunished by the state, leaving native communities isolated in defending their lands.
	www.forestsmonitor.org /reports/highstakes/part2c.htm (2876 words)

	Land rights: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Land use is the pattern of construction and activity land is used for....
		The aboriginal land rights act was signed by the govenor-general of australia 16 december, 1976....
		A land grant is a gift of land made by the government for projects such as roads, railroads, or especially academic institutions....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/la/land_rights.htm (600 words)

	Land
		If you haven't secured your right to your land by its land patent, you may be abandoning your right to your land and any prior owner with lawful right to the land patent could secure it to themselves and evict you off from the land you thought was yours, and you'll have to leave.
		The government only had limited ability to own land, as before mentioned, and all of the remainder of the land was held in the sole disposition of the United States until it was granted under act of Congress by the hand and seal of the President to some person.
		Which means that the Land came to the nation by treaty and the patent assigns a specific part of that treaty to you and your heirs and assigns forever.
	www.teamlaw.org /land.htm (1210 words)

	Land Rights of the Aborigines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Since the Aborigines had no real land to be own, this case led to a number of recent court decisions in favor of native title rights have given them major gains and led to a serious political problem for the government.
		In handing down their decisions on the matter in favor of the islanders the judges concerned indicated that the legal points on which they based their views applied equally to the situation of indigenous people on the Australian mainland and thus the "native title era" was born.
		That is, land rights to the extent of vesting control of gazette Aboriginal reserves in Aboriginal land trusts.
	www.petra.ac.id /asc/aborigines/land_rights (2522 words)

	Land Rights in Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The land is not merely a symbol of the political survival and identity of Indigenous peoples, it is central to the worldview, the spirit and the history of all Indigenous peoples in Australia.
		Also, it recognised such a right could be exercised prior to the determination of native title by the tribunal process and instead would be activated by the entry of an application on the native title register established under the Act.
		It was perhaps not sufficiently appreciated that the right to negotiate, like the establishment of the tribunal were administrative mechanisms designed to provide for the determination and administration of native title without years of development in the courts.
	www.firstpeoples.org /land_rights/australia/land_rights_in_australia.htm (3532 words)

	Empowering Women to Achieve Food Security -- Land Rights, by Eve Crowley
		Central to this debate is the question of whether human rights, including rights to land, are seen as universal or as relative to cultural, religious, and national rights.
		Land rights, in both statutory and customary tenure systems, fall along a spectrum that roughly corresponds to degrees of power.
		The difficulty in distinguishing rights of different household members also contributes to the, sometimes false, assumption that women in landed households share these rights and that women’s specific land rights need only be defined when they head households.
	www.ifpri.org /2020/focus/focus06/focus06_02.htm (1800 words)

	Protecting women's property and land rights to protect families in AIDS-affected communities
		In Namibia and Uganda, for example, where land law and property rights are made up of a complex system of overlapping official and traditional law, the rights of women to inherit, own and manage land can fall through the cracks.
		FAO is working with local authorities and communities to guarantee that women's rights are protected, by ensuring they have access to sources that explain their rights and the means to defend them.
		Women with secure land tenure are more likely to invest in their land than those without legal land rights, through irrigation, for example, or by farming in a more sustainable manner rather than for short-term gain.
	www.fao.org /newsroom/en/news/2004/38247/index.html (740 words)

	Land Rights—the Next Battleground - Peter Howson - Quadrant Magazine
		Land rights, in particular the Northern Territory Aboriginal Land Rights Act, passed by the Fraser government in 1976 when Ian Viner was Minister for Aboriginal Affairs, is an important part of the chain of causation which has brought us to this present state.
		Land rights, and the idea of rentier lifestyle which is connected to land rights, is an important part of the culture, the Left-imposed culture, which prevents Aboriginal men from getting a job.
		The doctrine of land rights has been an instrument of imprisonment for our Aborigines, and if they are to become free to make their way in the modern world, they must break down the prison walls which were established by the Northern Territory Land Rights Act and the various state acts which followed.
	www.quadrant.org.au /php/article_view.php?article_id=1121 (4058 words)

	Aboriginal Land Rights
		The issue of Aboriginal land rights in Australia has existed for over 200 years, and the process still has some way to go.
		It does mean, however, that everyone's rights and interests in land and waters have to be taken into account.
		• Native title holders have the right to be compensated if governments acquire their land or waters for future developments, and may also have a right to negotiate over mining developments and mineral exploration.
	www.spinneypress.com.au /169_book_desc.html (1006 words)

	The Ameican Indian Movement, Philosopy of Land & Land Rights
		The reallotment of land then, is of central importance here, as is the rhetoric of "nation" to both articulate and politicize this struggle of reclamation.
		In addition, the restoration of these land bases is on behalf of the land -based groups that constitute nations but alsoit deliberately includes landless and urban natives, as well.
		These land holdings and the resources are the essence of the aboriginal way of life, the culture, the economy, and the future survival.
	siouxme.com /lodge/land.html (1594 words)

	Landmark Native Land Rights Ruling
		This decision - which in no uncertain terms expands the definition of customary lands to include rivers, streams and communal forests - is a significant precedent for native villagers seeking land rights in Malaysia.
		In a 96 page verdict, he ruled that indigenous land rights were in existence before any external power controlled Sarawak, and therefore such rights were natural rights and "not dependent for its existence on any legislation, executive or judicial declaration".
		He further ruled that these rights extended not only to areas farmed, but to all forests, rivers and streams within one half day's journey from a village longhouse, unless limited by the borders of other nearby villages.
	www.ecoworld.com /Home/articles2.cfm?TID=304 (1611 words)

	Australia Now - Indigenous Land Rights and Native Title
		The Land Fund has a capital base of approximately A$1.4 billion to assist Indigenous people to acquire and manage land in recognition of the fact that many have been dispossessed and dislocated from their traditional lands and are unable to assert native title rights.
		In that case, concerning the legal rights of the Meriam people to the lands of the Murray Islands in the Torres Strait, the High Court held that the common law of Australia recognises a form of native title to be determined in accordance with Indigenous traditional law and custom.
		That is, native title rights and interests are not rights that are granted by government, such as statutory land rights of the kind found in the Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976.
	www.dfat.gov.au /facts/indg_landrights.html (866 words)

	IHCenter/Indigenous Land Rights Fund
		Without secure title to their land, indigenous communities are not able to live as they have for generations, nor can they have any meaningful voice in the countries in which they live.
		Their traditional ecology, ceremonies, language, and spiritual traditions are compromised - as is, inevitably, the ecology of the region - for traditional culture is deeply intertwined with local ecology, and one cannot be disrupted without a knock-on effect upon the other.
		The CKGR land claim is the first project for this fund.
	www.ihcenter.org /groups/ilrf.html (801 words)

	Women Gain Inch in Push for Land Rights in Uganda
		Though there are no laws against women owning land in Uganda, the custom of male inheritance in a rural and poor society has resulted in 93 percent of women being locked out of ownership.
		To counter this trend and curb the widespread dispossession of widows and wives, activists for years have tried to amend Uganda's property laws so that spouses are deemed co-owners of "family land," that land on which the couple lives and depends.
		When activists tried to have wives deemed co-owners of family land in 1998, opponents of the measure blocked such a clause from being incorporated into Section 40 of the Land Act, which required a spouse's written consent to sell land that provides the family both shelter and sustenance.
	www.womensenews.org /article.cfm/dyn/aid/1456/context/cover (1559 words)

	Pambazuka News : Land and land rights
		The seizure of prime land in Kenya by white settlers taken during the colonial era and the land grabbing which occurred post independence by powerful fl elites are responsible for abject poverty amongst indigenous and nomadic communities in Kenya...
		An estimated 80 percent of Kenya's land mass is dedicated to pastoralism - a system primarily based on raising livestock in arid and semi-arid areas - yet it remains a much misunderstood way of life, according to participants in a workshop on pastora...
		She was speaking at the handover of a section of land in the Hluhl...
	www.pambazuka.org /en/category/land (1688 words)

	Land & Sea Rights : Introduction
		Land and sea are the cornerstones of Aboriginal spirituality, culture and law.
		The Northern Land Council acts as a representative body for Aboriginal people in its area under both the Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 and the Native Title Act 1993.
		In recent years the Northern Land Council has also secured several important native title agreements on behalf of Aboriginal people, and has achieved increased recognition for native title sea rights through the courts.
	www.nlc.org.au /html/land_menu.html (248 words)

	KNOW YOUR LAND RIGHTS.... - Gold & Silver Forum
		Once land was acquired in the nation it was held by the United States until someone proved their claim to it.
		According to the various land acts of Congress, the land was then made patent under the signature and seal of the President of the United States of America.
		Your Land Patent secures the rights of the Treaty upon which the land was originally acquired within the territories of the United States from the Treaty to the individual person named on the patent.
	www.goldismoney.info /forums/showthread.php?t=18544 (2478 words)

	Land rights changes need injection of common sense - Opinion - theage.com.au
		They show that Land Councils and miners are just as interested as governments in facilitating appropriate economic development for Aboriginal people on their land.
		When the miners side with Land Councils against the government, it is a sure sign that government ideology about indigenous affairs is trumping workability and genuine stakeholder interest.
		When the government goes further and adopts the doublespeak of 'delegation' to describe the stripping of core functions from land councils by the Minister, it becomes even clearer that the Senate must not pass this law in its current form.
	www.theage.com.au /news/opinion/land-rights-changes-need-common-sense/2006/08/07/1154802818627.html (959 words)

	Cambodia: Verdict A Setback for Indigenous Land Rights (Human Rights Watch, 30-3-2001)
		Cambodia: Verdict A Setback for Indigenous Land Rights
		Landmark Indigenous Land Rights Case To Be Heard in Ratanakiri Provincial Court
		District officials admitted during the trial that land titles had even been issued in their own names, despite the fact that they have never been residents of any of the three villages.
	www.hrw.org /press/2001/03/landrights0330.htm (716 words)

	NSWALC Aboriginal Land Rights, 1983
		" Land in the State of New South Wales was traditionally owned and occupied by Aborigines.
		Land is of spiritual, social, cultural and economic importance to Aborigines.
		There have been a number of amendments to the the Act since it was first introduced.
	www.alc.org.au /resources/the_act/theact.htm (129 words)

	Shosone leaders urge UN to support land rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		As federal authorities in Nevada threaten to confiscate Indian-owned cattle they say trespass on public land, a group of Nevada Indians appealed Tuesday to a United Nations commission in Switzerland to condemn what they say are abuses of their ancient land rights.
		Leaders of the Western Shoshone said they want the U.N. human rights panel to back their case that the U.S. government is trying to chase them off ancestral territory, causing physical, economic and cultural hardship and violating U.N. human rights treaties.
		Dann and her sister, Mary, have been at the center of an Indian rights and public land battle since 1974, when the government sued them for grazing their livestock on public land in northern Nevada.
	www.rgj.com /cgi-bin/printstory.cgi?publish_date=20010808&story=997333789 (737 words)

	NT land rights changes don't help: Labor - Breaking News - National - Breaking News
		Changes to Aboriginal land rights are a paternalistic attempt to tell indigenous people what's good for them, Labor says.
		Debate resumed in the Senate on controversial changes to land rights, under which Aboriginal people would be offered low-interest loans and 99-year leases on their land in the Northern Territory.
		The Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Amendment Bill 2006, introduced to federal parliament in May, alters 30-year-old laws handing Aborigines control and communal ownership over land in the NT and establishing land councils to administer that land.
	www.smh.com.au /news/National/NT-land-rights-changes-dont-help-Labor/2006/08/08/1154802871013.html (432 words)

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