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	Land tenure - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Land tenure is the name given, particularly in common law systems, to the legal regime in which land is owned by an individual, who is said to "hold" the land.
		The term "tenure" is used to signify the relationship between tenant and lord, not the relationship between tenant and land.
		An important incident was that of escheat, whereby the land of the tenant by knight service would escheat to the Crown in the event either of there being no heirs, or the knight's being convicted of a felony.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Land_tenure (892 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Land-Tenure in the Christian Era
		Vest all the land in the community in one family or one group of families, make their tenure of it fixed, and it is self-evident that the whole of the community will be utterly dependent upon it or them.
		To understand the decline of the feudal system and the transformation of the feudal tenure into the land tenure of modern Christendom, it must first be clearly understood that what I have called the indestructible idea of private property in land survived, paradoxical as it may seem, throughout the whole long reign of so-called tenure.
		Tenure, even as a fiction, disappeared; the conception of absolute ownership was restored, the control of public lands by public authorities became as absolute as it had been under the Roman Empire, and the orbit of change was completed.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08775a.htm (8586 words)

	land tenure - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about land tenure
		The relation of a farmer to the land farmed.
		Land is organized into large, centrally managed estates worked by landless labourers for low wages.
		This type of tenancy takes the form of cash crops, where up to 80% of the farmer's income is given to the landowner as rent, and share crops, where part of the farmer's crop is given directly to the landowner.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /land+tenure (212 words)

	Paraguay - Land Tenure
		Land policy remained controversial until the 1930s, when there was a broader consensus for the titling of land to users of the land and mediating between latifundio and minifundio (small landholding).
		Land pressures also were alleviated by the vast tracts of untitled land in the east.
		Many estate owners sold their lands to agribusinesses; the new proprietors, who were committed to an efficient and extensive use of their holdings, sometimes called upon the government to remove squatters from the lands.
	www.countrystudies.us /paraguay/42.htm (683 words)

	GTZ - Land Tenure in Development Cooperation: Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The present guiding principles on land tenure in development cooperation are intended as an aid to applying German development cooperation more effectively to improve the economic and social situation of people in partner countries and to facilitate their participation in the development process.
		Land consolidation and land readjustment is the most comprehensive of all instruments and is used to eliminate structural deficiencies in existing land ownership relations and match land use patterns with land tenure systems.
		Although much of land tenure problems and issues are specific to the country concerned, partners have major fields in common: further development of concepts for land policies, state divestiture, privatization, land use conflicts and innovative approaches to conflict resolution, effects of structural change, market-assisted agrarian reforms, gender-related land issues, decentralization, performance of transfer institutions.
	www.mekonginfo.org /mrc/html/tenure/te_sum.htm (5333 words)

	land tenure - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Communal tenure in Zimbabwe: divergent models of collective land holding in the communal areas.
		Land rights for poor people key to poverty reduction, growth; World Bank report secure tenure and easing barriers to land transactions empowers poor people, improves governance, in addition to economic benefits.
		Postwar land dispute resolution: Land tenure and the peace process in Mozambique.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-landtenu.asp (228 words)

	Rangeland Resources - Land Tenure
		The legalization of land tenure acts as an incentive for the environmentally sound use of rangelands on the part of herders.
		Land tenure is a condition or form of right or title to land, and consists of systems that control and organize access to resources.
		Similarly, one of the objectives of the Kidal Food and Income Security Programme in Mali was to participate in a regional initiative to clarify and codify pastoral land tenure, with experimental distribution of dry-season pastures to pilot cooperative sectors or smaller groupings.
	www.ifad.org /lrkm/range/tenure.htm (408 words)

	Good Practice Guidelines for Agricultural Leasing Arrangements. FAO Land Tenure Studies No. 2
		Member Nations are increasingly turning to modem land tenure systems to improve access to land by the poor (often women) who want to engage in agricultural pursuits and to redress cases where existing land tenure arrangements do not support sustainable land uses.
		In contrast, in the customary tenure systems of Africa, the shortage of land at a community level may force land-poor farmers to leave the community and seek tenancy arrangements in communities where land is not scarce.
		However, the usual ones include covenants relating to the upkeep of the land, together with ensuring that the land is returned in a similar condition at the end of the term, arrangements for undertaking improvements, covenants against assigning or subletting the land or property without the landowner’s permission, and covenants to pay taxes.
	www.landnetamericas.org /index.asp?documentID=3667 (11822 words)

	UNDP Drylands Development Centre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Land is a critical productive asset, and many livelihoods depend on this asset, particularly in the developing world, and even more so for the some one billion people living from the easily degraded resource base in drylands.
		In order to be effective, land tenure reform process must take place in the context of concrete policies to protect and manage the natural resource base for economic and social development.
		Land policy reform efforts have been shown to be particularly successful when built on the foundations of broader natural resource management and income-generation programmes to enhance sustainable livelihoods in vulnerable areas.
	www.undp.org /drylands/gov-ltenure.htm (383 words)

	Coastal land tenure
		Land tenure is a major source of conflict in many countries around the world and especially along the coasts of small islands where the limitations of size render the disputes particularly acute.
		Land tenure is a major source of conflict in many countries around the world and especially along the coasts of small islands where the limitations of size render the conflicts particularly acute.
		One of the main factors emerging from the analysis of land tenure systems and the case studies is the diversity that exists from island to island and from region to region.
	www.unesco.org /csi/wise/tenure.htm (6455 words)

	FAO: SD : Institutions : Announcement of a new publication: Land tenure and rural development.FAO Land Tenure Studies ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This guide aims to show where and why land tenure is an important issue in food security and sustainable rural livelihoods.
		Analysis of how land tenure works in practice - as evidenced by the practical issue of who has what type of access to land, and when - is essential and defines the key issues both of access and of the security of that access.
		Additionally it reveals the various stakeholders who have an interest in land: those who control it and how they exercise that control; those who use it; and those, often women, indigenous peoples and other disadvantaged groups, who may be landless or may have insecure claims to land.
	www.fao.org /sd/2003/IN0501_en.htm (304 words)

	National Mapping - Fab Facts, Land Tenure
		Public land belongs to the Crown and includes land which is reserved, owned for public purposes or vacant.
		Aboriginal land may be freehold, leasehold or Crown reserve, and is those areas available for the use, benefit and residence by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
		Aboriginal freehold and leasehold land is land held by designated Aboriginal communities, with special conditions attached to the titles.
	www.ga.gov.au /education/facts/tenure.htm (559 words)

	Indian Land Tenure Curriculum
		Rationale: Modern Indian land tenure is a result of centuries-long history between natives and their colonizers.
		All of this has had an enormous impact on modern Indian land tenure, which cannot be fully understood without an understanding of the history of American Indian colonization.
		In addition to exploring the history of domestic colonization and subsequent changes in land tenure, principles of European colonization are further explored in relation to indigenous homeland losses in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Africa and South America.
	www.indianlandtenure.org /curriculum/6-8/Standard2/curricsum.htm (689 words)

	New Vision Online : Publicise land tenure
		A team of six was surveying land in Kamuda, Soroti, when a mob of about 200 attacked it, accusing them of planning to grab the land.
		Land is a very sensitive issue with Ugandans, so a more comprehensive approach — public rallies, LC meetings, house-to-house visits, proper timing — is needed.
		Land is owned in four tenure systems — customary, freehold, mailo and leasehold — but not many know what applies where and to whom.
	www.newvision.co.ug /D/8/14/413423 (285 words)

	Land Tenure – the Engine for Economic Development
		Critiques, economists, diplomats, the press and all those who care about this country have been voicing their concern over the handling of the land issue by the government.
		The government, however, still maintains that land should belong to no one but the government; and there is no sign that it will change this strongly held position.
		It is very precarious for the private investors to put a lot of money on any development project that rests on a land, which the investors do not own.
	www.addistribune.com /Archives/2002/07/19-07-02/Land.htm (251 words)

	El Salvador - The Land Tenure System
		Although some encroachment by hacendados on Indian lands undoubtedly took place, this practice was not apparently widespread, mainly because the Spanish crown had supported the integrity of the Indian lands.
		After independence, however, the process of private seizure of communal lands accelerated, aided by the confusing and incomplete nature of the inherited colonial statutes dealing with the ownership and transfer of land.
		This occupation of private and public lands was intensified by rapid population growth, the expansion of cotton production that removed further acreage from the total available for subsistence agriculture, and the expulsion of thousands of Salvadorans from Honduras following the 1969 war between the two countries.
	www.countrystudies.us /el-salvador/54.htm (675 words)

	theories of land tenure
		The three main concepts of land tenure are the use-based position of the Native Americans, the feudalistic position associated with the proprietor colonies of Pennsylvania and Maryland, and the individualist position of the colonies' revolutionaries.
		The second situation that illustrates the tension among the conflicting positions on land tenure is the December 27, 1763 massacre by the Paxton Boys of fourteen Indians, men, women, and children, who were being held protectively in the Lancaster, Pennsylvania jail.
		One might assume that if the socage land tenure system is associated with the ideology of control, then the fee simple system, which offers liberal rights to the individual land owner, would be connected with freedom and opposition to control, but that does not seem to be the case.
	tarlton.law.utexas.edu /lpop/etext/okla/mclaughlin24.htm (4456 words)

	Types of land tenure - DPI - NT Government - Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Leases of Crown land are a form of title whereby a person or party leases land owned by the Crown.
		They are not land tenures but a form of licence which can be issued over existing land tenure (e.g pastoral lease and Crown lease).
		Land held by the Government which has not been alienated by the grant of some form of tenure such as Crown Lease, Freehold title etc.
	www.ipe.nt.gov.au /whatwedo/landavailable/tenure.html (593 words)

	GTZ - Land Tenure in Development Cooperation: References (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Land policy and changing agrarian structures: needs options and experiences with land reforms in transforming economies (with special reference to German unification), in: Cape Town Univ., pp.
		Land Tenure Issues in Natural Resource Management (Proceedings of the Workshop for East Africa in Addis Ababa, March 11-15, 1996), Paris.
		Pander, H. Study on Land Tenure and Land Policy in the Transmara District, Kenya: Situations and Conflicts, GTZ, Eschborn.
	www.mekonginfo.org /mrc/html/tenure/te_lit.htm (2986 words)

	Expert Group Meeting on Secure Land Tenure - Nairobi 10-12 November 2004
		Orwa Ojode (Assistant Minister for Lands and Settlement in Kenya) and Ibrahim Njiru Mwathane (president of the Institute of Surveyors of Kenya).
		The combination of formal land delivery processes and customary approaches is identified as a neo-customary land delivery process, which seems to be a good alternative to formal processes, although the viability in the long term has been questioned because of the unclear compatibility within formal land policies.
		Firstly, it has become clear that regarding rights to land, registration and cadastre, and technology, all options are open: nothing should remain unexplored for the sake of identifying innovative approaches to meeting the demands of the people.
	www.fig.net /news/news_2004/com_7_nairobi_2004.htm (800 words)

	CGIAR System-wide Program: Collective Action & Property Rights -- Workshops: Land Tenure for Drylands Development
		The Expert Workshop on Land Tenure for Drylands Development, held in Nairobi, Kenya on 28 February to 2 March 2005 discussed and debated land tenure policies for complex and multi-users and/ or "common property" arrangements in Africa and the Arab States.
		Great progress was made in achieving general agreement on the construction of the problem and a strategy for creating more space for locally mediated and situation-specific land tenure arrangements in drylands and recognition of the validity of these arrangements by higher authorities.
		UNDP-DDC commissioned the Drylands Land Tenure Challenge Paper, a synthesis of regional studies, will also be used as a background discussion for the workshop (draft available in English and French).
	www.capri.cgiar.org /wks_drylands.asp (624 words)

	Land Tenure Keysheet
		The continuing marginalisation of various groups – in particular women, indigenous peoples and the poor – due to lack of access to land.
		policy, technical or financial support to land redistribution (between different types of ownership regime – state, private and common property – or between different types of private owner).
		Tenure reform – particularly on a national scale – is an intensely political area of intervention.
	www.keysheets.org /green_1_land_tenure.html (693 words)

	Country Profiles of Land Tenure: Africa, 1996
		This new volume reflects a decade of intensive work on the continent by LTC and a very considerable deepening of knowledge and understanding of land tenure issues in Africa.
		Land tenure continues to be a volatile policy domain.
		The following are examples of topics covered: national land policy and legal framework, replacement and adaptation of indigenous tenure systems, tenure constraints and opportunities, economic growth and food security strategies, agricultural development, natural resource management and conservation, democratization and governance, gender dimensions, present policy position and reform debates, and implications for policy reform and programming.
	www.eldis.org /static/DOC6743.htm (188 words)

	Land Tenure Services - South Africa - land tenure and dispensation
		We the members and staff of Land Tenure Services South Africa, inspired by the desire to create an equitable and fair land dispensation, are committed to providing excellence in land reform.
		Rooted in care and concern for the landless poor, we provide visible witness to Christ today in our service and move forward into the future with moral concern and compassion for the landless poor, by rendering a modern multi-disciplinary service to communities.
		We will continue to serve the land needs of all by initiating and facilitating relevant processes in a transparent, efficient effective and just manner, as we strive to enhance our professional service.
	www.lts.co.za (116 words)

	Indian Land Tenure Curriculum
		Today, the resource and land management practices of many tribal communities are revitalizing tribal culture while also strengthening the tribal economy.
		After 140 years of harvesting, about 63% of the productive forest land within the sizable Menominee reservation is thought to be fully stocked today and includes many impressive stands of large white pine, sugar maple and red oak.
		Students are to inquire about the standards of care and stewardship the organization has for sustainable land management in their forestry program.
	www.indianlandtenure.org /curriculum/6-8/Standard4/lesson3.htm (954 words)

	USAID Agriculture: Land Management
		Land degradation due to desertification, soil erosion and deforestation is accelerating at an unprecedented rate, leading to loss of productivity, increased poverty worldwide and conflict.
		To successfully meet human needs, competing demands for the use of the land resources must be resolved, and more effective and efficient ways of using these resources must be adopted.
		This includes evaluation of scientific information, analysis of appropriate technologies, review of land ownership and management policies and institutions, application of geo-information technologies within the broad arena of knowledge management, and effective use of environmental education and advocacy.
	www.usaid.gov /our_work/agriculture/landmanagement/index.html (330 words)

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