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Topic: Landed class

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	Landed property - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Landed property or landed estates is a real estate term that usually refers to a property that generates income for the owner without the owner having to do the actual work of the estate.
		Landed property was a key element of feudalism, and freed the owner for other tasks, such as government administration, military service, the practice of Law or religious practices.
		The last large exemplar of the principle of a landed aristocracy as a basis of rule, Russia under the Romanov dynasty, literally died in the Bolshevik Revolution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Landed_class (389 words)

	Russia, Politics, United Russia - JRL 11-11-06
		The land question has been seen as the key to Russia’s development for many centuries, but ever since the issue was, in theory, resolvedwith the recent adoption of the Land Codethe country has yet to see any dynamic agrarian transformations.
		There were also land plots belonging to the emperor or his family, the treasury and the church.
		Land turnover achieved slightly greater freedom as a result of the reforms carried out under Pyotr Stolypin in the early 20th century, which created a new class of strong village landowners based on a gradual dismantling of the peasant commune.
	www.cdi.org /russia/johnson/2006-253-26.cfm (889 words)

	Print news - IPS Inter Press Service
		Land is at the heart of the problem in western Nepal.
		Whatever land they held was signed off to the pahadis over a mere bottle of local liquor, or a small loan.
		The government's policy on land reforms so far has been to limit the size of land holdings, which is not the solution, say these activists.
	www.ipsnews.net /print.asp?idnews=34736 (954 words)

	Landed gentry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Landed gentry is a term traditionally applied in Britain to members of the upper class with country estates often (but not always) farmed on their behalf by others, and who might be without a peerage or other hereditary title.
		This term referred to those who owned sufficient land to be able to live on the proceeds of letting their property to tenants, or possibly to employ a steward or bailiff to farm all or part of it for them, rather than farming it personally.
		The agricultural sector's middle class, on the other hand, was comprised of the larger tenant farmers, who rented land from the landowners and employed agricultural labourers to do the manual work, and yeoman farmers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Landed_gentry (1066 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Had she disregarded the persuasion of her family, on the basis of Captain Wentworth’s class, at first, years before the novel was set, it would have indeed been a rather singular act.
		In a sense, Anne is less marrying down in status, than she is marrying up into a socially rising class with a newly recognized sense of dignity and grace, and a sense of understanding what is truly important in life.
		Having been prevented from marrying her own suitor early on in life due to the issue of class disparity, we see Austen examining the hope, if not already the reality, that the disparity between the classes was narrowing.
	filebox.vt.edu /k/kylee5/Essay6.doc (556 words)

	Karl Kautsky: Dictatorship of the Proletariat (Chap.4)
		Whether the proletariat is the predominant class amongst these depends on the extent of the economic development, although this factor does not determine whether the proletariat comprises the majority of the population.
		But the one thinks they will be best served by an alliance with the landed class, and forcible suppression of the working classes, while the other fears dire consequences from this policy, and strives to conciliate the working classes by small concessions at the expense of the landed class.
		A class may still remain the rulers, while changes occur in the governing party, if the majority of the ruling class considers the methods of the existing governing party unsuitable, and that of its opponents to be more appropriate.
	www.marxists.org /archive/kautsky/1918/dictprole/ch04.htm (3088 words)

	ELS - ERD - Law By Country - United States Documents - Historic Documents
		But it is alleged, that it might be employed in such a manner as to promote the election of some favorite class of men in exclusion of others, by confining the places of election to particular districts, and rendering it impracticable to the citizens at large to partake in the choice.
		In a country consisting chiefly of the cultivators of land, where the rules of an equal representation obtain, the landed interest must, upon the whole, preponderate in the government.
		Secondly, that there would be no temptation to violate the Constitution in favor of the landed class, because that class would, in the natural course of things, enjoy as great a preponderancy as itself could desire.
	www.law.emory.edu /FEDERAL/federalist/feder60.html (1825 words)

	How the landed class came into property
		Landing on the hot rolling undulating plateau and wilderness of the Naivasha expanse, he was immediately awestruck by the beauty of the land and at once decided that he must own it.
		Lord Delamere, whose ancestors are historically famously known for their imperialist tendencies to acquire land wherever they found it, is also believed to have also convinced the British Government to let other white land hunters to settle in Kenya.
		Alive to the fact that the land Lord Delamere wanted belonged to the Maasai people and wary that if it ceded the land to him the colonial government would provoke the fury of the warrior-like pastoralists, it declined, at first.
	www.eastandard.net /archives/sunday/hm_news/news.php?articleid=2089 (924 words)

	WEPIN Store
		Also, the children of the judicial class tended to stay in the judicial class so it was in the interests of the judicial class and their children to keep their own loyalties, customs, and privileges.
		While they in most cases were not landed gentry, their separateness and their loyalty to their class gave them something to be proud of that they wished to pass on to their children in much the same manner as the king and the landed gentry.
		The judiciary was the only class that had any tenure and that was not heriditary (could not be passed on to children) and in most of the lower courts was an elective office.
	www.wepin.com /articles/gtcs/seppwrs.html (2099 words)

	Colin Barker: Origins and Significance of Meiji Restoration (Part 5)
		Thanks to the separation of the samurai from the land, under the Tokugawa, all the political forces of the old regime were concentrated in the capitals of the emperor, the shogun, and the various han.
		David Landes notes that, for the European aristocrat, “land was the foundation of dynastic continuity and prestige – the only solid and right form of wealth”.
		Landed property alone gives distinctive character to families, classifies them in the eyes of all, and confers upon them a solid and permanent influence.
	www.marxists.de /fareast/barker/pt5.htm (7294 words)

	The Iregemi class of landed nobility
		At most stages of history the Iregemi and his family obtained their land and peasants by virtue of a grant from the sovereign, and in exchange gave a share of the harvest for the state.
		A number of the noble houses had interests other than the land or the military, like timbering, mining or trade-- this was increasingly so after the fall of the Two Empires, when banda values, including contempt for commerce, had begun to erode.
		Thereafter nearly all panitei/banda were landed gentry, and at least before 500 AD most Iregemi were panitei/banda., and Iregemi were expected to uphold all the banda values.
	www.bergonia.org /History/Iregemi.htm (1427 words)

	Monbiot.com » Class War on the Hoof
		It is land set aside for the king’s game, in which the nourishment of deer, wild swine and hares took precedence over the nourishment of human beings.
		It was designed to instill in young noblemen the qualities required to conquer new lands and subjugate their people on behalf of the king and the church.
		This is the only traditionally working class component of foxhunting: the fit young men of the village work out where the horses are going and, taking short cuts, try to get there before them.
	www.monbiot.com /archives/2004/09/14/class-war-on-the-hoof (1098 words)

	Conclusion: "The World We Have Lost"--And Will Regain
		Christopher Hill's analysis of the transformation of the landed class parallels that of Wallerstein to a large degree.
		But whatever their class origins, the industrial capitalists of the nineteenth century benefited massively from the previous coercion of the landed and mercantilist oligarchies.
		The prejudicial terms on which the British laboring classes sold their labor were set by the expropriation of their land, and by authoritarian social controls like the Laws of Settlement and the Combination Law.
	www.mutualist.org /id65.html (2623 words)

	Group Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The working class is por-democratic, except when an authoritarian leader or hegemonic state party is involved, because the class is interested in political inclusion.
		Landed upper classes are opposed to democracy because it cuts of their labor supply.
		The middle class allies with the landed class when it is threatened by political pressures.
	www.american.edu /ted/hpages/comps/lawrong7.htm (156 words)

	The FACT.........How bureaucracy appropriated political power
		The state employees were paid in the form of revenues from the lands allotted to them, the lands themselves continuing to be the king's inalienable property.
		The economic basis of the Muslim landed class was dissolving.
		As the crisis of the landed class deepened, and the Hindus kept blocking the entry of the Muslims into the capitalist sector, the latter began to think of a separate national market where they could form their own capitalist class.
	www.fact.com.pk /archives/july/feng/bur.htm (2334 words)

	Scout.com: Big 12 Breakdown
		The Huskers landed three four star players on their defensive line in defensive tackle Ndamukong Suh (left) from Portland Grant, OR, and defensive ends Barry Turner from Brentwood Academy, TN, and Zach Potter from Omaha Creighton Prep.
		In Texas, CU landed a couple of gems in safety James Lewis from Franklin, TX, and linebacker Marcus Burton from Channelview, TX.
		The class was linemen heavy with four offensive lineman and five defensive lineman.
	recruiting.scout.com /2/349659.html (2012 words)

	Article 1, Section 4, Clause 1: Alexander Hamilton, Federalist, no. 60, 403--10
		But it is alledged that it might be employed in such a manner as to promote the election of some favourite class of men in exclusion of others; by confining the places of election to particular districts, and rendering it impracticable to the citizens at large to partake in the choice.
		But as in reality the same situation must have the same effect in the primitive composition at least of the federal house of representatives; an improper byass towards the mercantile class is as little to be expected from this quarter or from the other.
		The importance of commerce in the view of revenue alone must effectually guard it against the enmity of a body which would be continually importuned in its favour by the urgent calls of public necessity.
	press-pubs.uchicago.edu /founders/documents/a1_4_1s14.html (1827 words)

	legal secretary info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Classes are held on Saturdays from 9:00 a.m.-1:00 p.m.
		I've had college classes that didn't meet the caliber of this class.
		I landed a legal secretary position thanks to this class.
	www.orangecountyala.org /pages/legal_secty_info.htm (180 words)

	Marble and Marzipan: The Edwardian Aristocracy
		They possessed either an acient name and lineage or a title, but ownership of land was the basis of their social, political and economic predominance.
		Education at a public school - Eton and Harrow were especially favoured - provided the sons of the landed and middle classes with a ticket of general social acceptability.
		The great ancient universities of Oxford and Cambridge further endorsed the sons of the landed classes' status as gentlemen.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/british_social_history/17112 (590 words)

	Hartmut Kaelble
		A slowly forgotten social change in the second half of the twentieth century was the disappearance of one the most important European social features of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the European social class system: not only the working class, but also the bourgeoisie, the lower middle class, the landed aristocracy, the peasants.
		First, because of the increase in real wages and the rise of the modern welfare state during the era of prosperity, a crucial element of the working-class social milieu, local social solidarity in poverty, was less in demand.
		The enormous expansion of education and of educational opportunity for children of all social classes made secondary and higher education less of an instrument of distinction between the working and the middle class.
	faculty.goucher.edu /history231/kaelble_class.htm (1516 words)

	[No title]
		In response to the progress and effects of the industrial revolution, coupled with the active economic involvement of a bourgeois class of merchants, the landed aristocracy consolidated their holdings, moving the peasants from the countryside into urban centers, poor houses, and worse, while developing more advanced methods of agriculture.
		Their basic needs were filled by the policies of the ruling class, and in return, the ruling class culled widespread support for archaic monarchical impulses.
		The landed aristocracy, not concerned with advanced commercial agriculture, tied the peasant to his land through a continued system of serfdom, exercised its control through nationalist banter and the accumulation of grains for sale at national markets.
	home.uchicago.edu /~btm1/prelim_03-04/summary_Moore.doc (1193 words)

	Federalist No. 60 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It cannot therefore be presumed, that a sacrifice of the landed to the mercantile class will ever be a favorite object of this branch of the federal legislature.
		In applying thus particularly to the Senate a general observation suggested by the situation of the country, I am governed by the consideration, that the credulous votaries of State power cannot, upon their own principles, suspect, that the State legislatures would be warped from their duty by any external influence.
		The importance of commerce, in the view of revenue alone, must effectually guard it against the enmity of a body which would be continually importuned in its favor, by the urgent calls of public necessity.
	www.utulsa.edu /law/classes/rice/Constitutional/FedPapers/Fed60.htm (1802 words)

	Theta-class T-2c shuttle - Wookieepedia, the Star Wars Wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In flight, the lower two wings were extended to either side of the shuttle, but during landing, the wings folded up to bracket the hull and concentrate shield energy on the main body.
		Both the quad and standard laser cannons could be computer-controlled or manually operated from a combined communications and gunnery station in the reinforced cockpit.
		Upon landing, the shuttle computer surveyed the area for potential dangers, ready to open fire at enemies in just an instant.
	starwars.wikia.com /wiki/Theta-class_T-2c_shuttle (508 words)

	NIAHD Journals
		The difference between the situation of white indentured servants and that of African slaves was far less then that between indentured servants and their upper class, or even not-quite upper class masters.
		This dichotomy, which divided not fl from white as much as rich from poor, land owner from laborer, was the underlying reason for Bacon’s rebellion.
		The racists sentiments espoused by the restrictive laws made to repress the fl population were, on the other hand, not totally alien to the large population of un — (or under) landed whites in the colonies.
	www.wm.edu /niahd/journals/?browse=entry&id=6384 (578 words)

	gentry - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		British society was stratified in the 18th century, with a tiny aristocracy and landed gentry at the top and a vast mass of poor at the bottom.
		- English social class: the English social class that ranks just below the aristocracy and consists of families who are not of noble birth but are entitled to have a coat of arms
		upper class, nobility, aristocracy, elite, ruling class, landed gentry
	ca.encarta.msn.com /gentry.html (125 words)

	BANGLAPEDIA: Bengal Tenancy Act 1885 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Another very important factor that contributed to the deteriorating relationship between zamindars and tenants was the emergence of a landed intermediate class contrary to the rules of the Permanent Settlement.
		The law courts were giving conflicting judgements as regards the rights and liabilities of the intermediate classes and also of the peasants.
		The operation of the Permanent Settlement and the growth of commercial crops led to the rise of a rich peasantry which was quite close to the landed class in riches and social influence, but their rights over land were not very clear under the laws of the Permanent Settlement.
	banglapedia.org /HT/B_0421.HTM (429 words)

	Lambda-class T-4a shuttle - Wookieepedia, the Star Wars Wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It was also equipped with a Class 1 hyperdrive since its mission profile involved traveling across the Galaxy.
		Thus, the vehicle class found itself used by key Imperial officials including Emperor Palpatine himself and Darth Vader.
		Lambda shuttles were erroneously referred to as "Tyderian class" in some sources, a misunderstanding originating from the shuttle Tydirium.
	starwars.wikia.com /wiki/Lambda-class_T-4a_shuttle (865 words)

	The Physiocrats
		This new class, the magistrates, auditors, masters of accounts and parliamentarians of the kin g, was set up for the administration of the country.
		They did not consider their estates or land a hobby, but rather a resource that must produce a surplus, a productive capital (12).
		The sterile class was separated from producers on the basis that they produced no surplus profit.
	department.monm.edu /history/faculty_forum/Olson_physiocrats.htm (1885 words)

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