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	Lanfranc - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lanfranc, during a visit which he paid the pope for the purpose of receiving his pallium, obtained an order from Alexander that the disputed points should be settled by a council of the English Church.
		Lanfranc assisted William in maintaining the independence of the English Church; and appears at one time to have favoured the idea of maintaining a neutral attitude on the subject of the quarrels between papacy and empire.
		Lanfranc's greatest political service to the Conqueror was rendered in 1075, when he detected and foiled the conspiracy which had been formed by the earls of Norfolk and Hereford.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lanfranc (1486 words)

	Lanfranc
		Lanfranc had been elected to the Archbishopric of Rouen in 1067, but had declined it; now, however, the Conqueror fixed on Lanfranc as his choice of a successor to Stigand, and Lanfranc was at last prevailed upon, unwillingly enough, to yield his consent at the solicitations of his friends, headed by his former superior, Herluin.
		Lanfranc saw clearly the distinction between the civil and ecclesiastical capacities in which the same man might be regarded and might act, and it is related of him that in 1082 he encouraged the Conqueror to arrest his brother, Bishop Odo.
		Lanfranc reminded him, first, that he was not at the bar as a bishop, but as a tenant-in-chief of the king; secondly, that the bishops judging him were acting in a like temporal capacity.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/l/lanfranc.html (2758 words)

	Lanfranc
		Originally a lawyer, Lanfranc won a reputation as a teacher at a school he established at Avranches, Normandy (1039-42).
		Lanfranc embarked upon a successful reform and reorganization of the English Church.
		On the death of the Conqueror in 1087, Lanfranc secured the succession for William II Rufus, inducing the English militia to support him against the partisans of his elder brother, Robert II Curthose, Duke of Normandy.
	www.orbilat.com /Encyclopaedia/L/Lanfranc.html (302 words)

	LANFRANC - LoveToKnow Article on LANFRANC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In this way Lanfranc set the seal of intellectual activity on the reform movement of which Bee was the centre.
		It was Alexander II., the former pupil of Lanfranc, who gave the Norman Conquest the papal benedictiona notable advantage to William at the moment, but subsequently the cause of serious embarrassments.
		The chief authority is the Vita Lanfranci by Milo, Crispin, who was precentor at Bee and died in 1149.
	88.1911encyclopedia.org /L/LA/LANFRANC.htm (1579 words)

	Lanfranc Biography / Biography of Lanfranc Biography
		At the councils of Rome and Vercelli in 1050 Lanfranc was the principal defender of orthodoxy against the heretical doctrine of Bérenger on transubstantiation.
		Lanfranc also claimed supremacy for Canterbury over York; his claims were endorsed by a legatine council held at Winchester in 1072.
		Lanfranc was perhaps fortunate that he died on May 24, 1089, less than 2 years after the accession of the irreligious William II, with whom cooperation was almost impossible.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-lanfranc (610 words)

	Canterbury Cathedral- A Virtual Tour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It was Lanfranc who rebuilt the church at Canterbury after the disastrous fire of 1067; he was was responsible for the construction of the nave which was dedicated in 1077.
		Lanfranc brought Ernulf of St. Symphorien as schoolmaster at Canterbury, who built a monastic library and instilled French learning as opposed to the Anglo-Saxon traditions.His influence is also seen in Theobald, the third monk of Bec to become Archbishop of Canterbury.
		Lanfranc was succeeded by Anselm, one of his former pupils and Bec.
	faculty.de.gcsu.edu /~dvess/ids/medieval/canterbury/canterbury.shtml (3185 words)

	Lanfranc: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Lanfranc was trained in the legal studies for which northern Italy Italy quick summary:
		Lanfranc's greatest political service to the Conqueror was rendered in 1075, EHandler: no quick summary.
		Lanfranc was honoured some 900 years later by a school bearing his name being opened in Croydon, EHandler: no quick summary.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/la/lanfranc.htm (2734 words)

	Lanfranc. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He was closely associated with Duke William of Normandy (later William I of England) and probably helped secure papal recognition of the duke’s marriage and the papal blessing for the conquest of England.
		Lanfranc replaced English abbots and bishops with Normans (a course often denounced but quite essential to any reform), reduced the archbishop of York to subjection to Canterbury, legislated against clerical marriage and concubinage, built churches, reformed ecclesiastical finance, established ecclesiastical courts, strengthened the monasteries, and removed the bishoprics from small towns to important cities.
		Lanfranc had favored young William, and crowned him, but the archbishop was deeply displeased by the king’s arbitrary actions, and trouble was averted only by Lanfranc’s death.
	www.bartleby.com /65/la/Lanfranc.html (333 words)

	10 Eng.
		Lanfranc, who already admired the young man’s character, strove with all carefulness and zeal, now exhorting, now promising, to gain the people’s good will.
		For there, when he saw Lanfranc (whom he hated worst of all men, thinking it had been by his doing that he himself had been dragged off to prison), given preferment by the king, he began to conspire against Rufus.
		Rufus was encouraged by his success to adopt a policy of liberality towards those of his subjects who had strenuously fought on his behalf, and bestowed the goods of the proscribed either on his soldiers or on those subjects who had perservered in their loyalty towards himself.
	www.philological.bham.ac.uk /polverg/10eng.html (8950 words)

	S Y N T H E S I S - The English Church After 1066
		During the rebuilding of the cathedral, Lanfranc’s insistence upon such regulations was validated in the most colourful terms as one monk descended into madness and began to blaspheme and finally accuse one of his companions of sharing his depraved affliction.
		Put simply, Lanfranc “could not present monasticism primarily in terms of inquiry or vocation: basic good order had to be established first.”[19] Another divisive matter which affected the Christ Church community during Lanfranc’s term of office, was the fierce rivalry which took place between its Anglo-Saxon and Norman inhabitants.
		Lanfranc’s example was one which never sought to “win men by complying half-heartedly with their policy, if it failed to measure up to his standards of what was wise and what was expedient.”[29] In the long term, this committed attitude undoubtedly endeared him to his monks.
	www.rosenoire.org /articles/hist11.php (1819 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Lanfranc's opposition to the proposed marriage of Duke William of Normandy to Matilda of Flanders in 1053 caused William to draw up a decree of exile, but the two were reconciled, and Lanfranc became a close adviser of the duke and secured a papal dispensation for the marriage in 1059.
		Lanfranc was appointed abbot of St. Stephen's in Caen about 1063, accompanied William on his conquest of England, and was named archbishop of Canterbury in 1070.
		Lanfranc was regent for William in 1074 and put down a revolt against the Conqueror, fought any secular intrusion on ecclesiastical rights, and in 1076, at a synod at Winchester, ordered clerical celibacy for future ordinandi.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0528lanf.htm (399 words)

	Lanfranc
		Lanfranc, the son of a lawyer, was born in Pavia in about 1010.
		Lanfranc was unimpressed with the quality of the English clergy and during William's reign supported his policy of promoting foreigners to high office in the Church.
		Lanfranc also ordered that in future no married man was to be ordained as a priest.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /NORlanfranc.htm (371 words)

	Eadmer's Vita Anselmi - Humanities - Saint Anselm College (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Lanfranc delayed in giving an opinion and recommended that the matter be brought to the attention of the venerable Maurilius, Archbishop of Rouen.
		Then the venerable father Lanfranc died, and the king violently oppressed the churches and monasteries of the entire country.
		His predecessor Lanfranc had built it, but he had died before he was able to dedicate it.
	www.anselm.edu /academic/humanities/eadmer.html (9569 words)

	The manuscripts and text of Lanfranc of Bec's commentary on St. Paul (France)
		Lanfranc wrote his commentary on St. Paul in the mid-eleventh century in preparation for assuming his role as prior of the Norman monastery of Bec and, accordingly, the commentary's text provides a critical opportunity to investigate the new attitudes and methods under evaluation in monastic curricula at this time.
		Specifically, the commentary indicates a monastic curriculum that was both modern, as it combined classical methods and theological inquiry, and conservative, by strictly limiting the scope of classical methods to the precepts of Ciceronian rhetoric and by highlighting the use of dialectic as the method most detrimental to theological truths.
		Lanfranc's methodology contributes to a broader discussion of the emergence of new methods in the schools of northern France and the possible competition among disputatious masters and their conflicting curricula.
	repository.upenn.edu /dissertations/AAI3043861 (315 words)

	TimeRef: Report Results
		William the Conqueror placed Lanfranc in the position of Archbishop of Canterbury a move designed to strengthen his hold on the English throne.
		Lanfranc held a Church council at Winchester where the reoganisation of Bishops and Bishoprics war confirmed.
		William II (Rufus) was crowned at Westminster by Archbishop Lanfranc after the death of his father William the Conqueror.
	www.timeref.com /process1.php?expt=Y&key=1924&retaddr=hprl.htm&xtra=J1924 (222 words)

	Dialectic & Theology in the 11th Century
		Holopainen shows that Lanfranc made considerable use of topics and syllogistics in his commentaries on the Pauline epistles, but he casts doubt on the view that he also used the predicables and categories.
		It is important to note, however, that Lanfranc's remark about principal and secondary essences plays almost no role in his arguments against Berengar, and that Holopainen identifies his interpretation of the terms as tentative.
		Berengar's criticism of Lanfranc's understanding of the Eucharistic conversion 'is conventionally summarized by saying that he rejects the doctrine of substantial conversion because he finds it incompatible with certain philosophical ideas that he has come to accept as a dialectician' (p.
	www.nd.edu /~wwillia5/holopain.htm (2591 words)

	Old English Libraries - Chapter III. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Lanfranc was the moving spirit of reform, both in church administration and in the learning of its members.
		Lanfranc also encouraged original composition, for Osbern, monk of Canterbury, compiled his lives of St. Dunstan, St. Alphege, and St. Odo under his eye.
		From Lanfranc to the close of the thirteenth century, was the summer-time of the English religious houses.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/lit/historical/OldEnglishLibraries/chap3.html (6667 words)

	St. Anselm
		At one time he was fainting with hunger and was fain to refresh his strength with snow, when the servant found that some bread was still left in the baggage, and Anselm regained strength and continued the journey.
		Lanfranc doubted his claim to the honours of a martyr since he did not die for the Faith.
		When Lanfranc died, William Rufus kept the See of Canterbury vacant for four years, seized its revenues, and kept the Church in England in a state of anarchy.
	www.ewtn.com /library/MARY/01546A.htm (4765 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		An advisor to William the Conqueror, Lanfranc was born c.
		In 1053, Lanfranc opposed William's marriage to Matilda of Flanders because the couple were too closely related.
		Lanfranc re-established the primacy of Canterbury, replaced Anglo-Saxon bishops with Norman bishops, and rebuilt Canterbury Cathedral.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/lanfranc.html (177 words)

	History of Medieval Philosophy 162
		Lanfranc's own works bear witness that he himself in his theological teaching had recourse, in a timid and tentative way, to philosophical reasoning.
		Thus appeared the new tendency which was developed by other theologians of this period such as William of Hirschau and St. Anselm, and which was to lead to the formation of a twofold theological method in the schools of Abelard and of St. Victor in the twelfth century (see below).
		Works of Lanfranc apud Migne, P.L. The authorship of the Elucidarium sive Dialogus de summa totius christianae theologiae is doubtful.
	www.nd.edu /Departments/Maritain/etext/homp162.htm (524 words)

	LANFRANC (d. 1089) - Online Information article about LANFRANC (d. 1089)
		Lanfranc was trained in the legal studies for which See also:
		Lanfranc, during a visit which he paid the pope for the purpose of receiving his See also:
		Lanfranc's greatest political service to the Conqueror was rendered in 1075, when he detected and foiled the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /KRO_LAP/LANFRANC_d_1089_.html (2041 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Abbey of Bec
		The future archbishop and Doctor of the Church first came to Bec in 1060 while the work of building was in progress, and the year before the monks were able to move into their new home.
		In 1062, Lanfranc was appointed Abbot of Caen, and Anselm, in spite of the fact that he had been such a short time at Bec, was chosen to take his place as prior.
		This restoration was too soon undone by the forces of revolution; but the Maurists rendered a more enduring service to the abbey by their admirable editions of Lanfranc, Anselm, and the "Chronicon Beccense".
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02379b.htm (1099 words)

	May 24: Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury
		One of the clergymen standing by his bed hurried to administer the bread and wine that is given to those in immediate danger of death.
		Only when that was complete did Lanfranc accept the cup of medicine prepared by his doctor.
		Lanfranc, who often spoke his mind, even to rulers, opposed the marriage of Duke William of Normandy (later known as William the Conqueror) to Matilda, but later the two men patched up their differences.
	chi.gospelcom.net /DAILYF/2003/05/daily-05-24-2003.shtml (598 words)

	TimeRef - History Timelines - Medieval People Starting With L
		Lanfranc was an Italian trained in law who became a Benedictine monk at Bec in Normandy.
		Lanfranc moved to England after the Conquest and in 1070, when Archbishop Stigand was deposed by a Church Council and excommunicated, he was appointed the new Archbishop of Canterbury.
		Lanfranc was highly regarded by the King and when William had to do back to Normandy to put down rebellions Lanfranc was trusted to run England.
	www.btinternet.com /~timeref/hprl.htm (2349 words)

	EUCHARISTIC THEOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It took the insightful Lanfranc to coin the concept of transubstantiation to break this gridlock.
		Berengar and Lanfranc were both born in 1010 and their careers spanned the eleventh century.
		Lanfranc was born in Pavia, became the Abbot of Bec and eventually archbishop of Canterbury.
	www.snc.edu /norbertines/norb_sp/euch.htm (5816 words)

	OUP: UK General Catalogue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It is a work which presents, in the final analysis, a deeply erudite, sensitive, elegant, and largely convincing interpretation of its subject that brings Lanfranc compellingly to life.
		By no means a 'court-prelate', Lanfranc may be best characterized as a monk-archbishop, a role in which he was reinforced by being ex-officio abbot of a cathedral monastery at Canterbury.
		It is an intelligent and considered historical biography which brings Lanfranc out from the shadow of his successor, St Anselm, and reveals him as among the very greatest of the archbishops of Canterbury.
	www.oup.com /uk/catalogue/?ci=9780199259601 (603 words)

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