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	LOMBARDS - LoveToKnow Article on LOMBARDS
		In 568 Alboin and the Langobardi, in accordance with compact made with Baian, which is recorded by Menande abandoned their old homes to the Avars and passed southwarc into Italy, were they were destined to found a new and might kingdom.
		LI as a ruling race was crushed by the victory given to the Roma e element by the restored empire of the Franks.
		It brought the Langobards face to face, not mere nt with the emperors at Constantinople, but with the first of t cc great statesmen popes, Gregory the Great (590604).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /L/LO/LOMBARDS.htm (3733 words)

	Northvegr - History of the Langobards
		But while Childepert accepted gifts from the ambassadors of the Langobards, and promised to give his sister to their king, yet when ambassadors of the Goths came from Spain he promised this same sister over again, because he had learned that that nation had been converted to the Catholic faith.
		In that fight the Langobards won the victory; the Franks were vanquished by main force, many were captured, very many also escaped by flight and returned with difficulty to their own country.
		Theudelinda was, on her mother's side, the granddaughter of the former Langobard king Waccho, of the race of the Lethingi, with which Authari, who sprang from the later stock of Beleos, desired an alliance to give an additional sanction of legitimacy to his royal title.
	www.northvegr.org /lore/langobard/019.php (955 words)

	Otto Maenchen-Helfen - Langobards and Vulgares in Historia Langobardorum
		Otto Maenchen-Helfen - Langobards and Vulgares in Historia Langobardorum
		The Langobards and the 'Vulgares' in Historia Langobardorum
		As unreliable as the Origo and Paul are when they give the names of the stations of the Langobardic migration, [599] in listing the kings, they follow a tradition in which, like in that of the Goths and Burgundians, the names of the rulers and their succession are well preserved.
	www.kroraina.com /bulgar/mh_langobards_vulgares.html (1168 words)

	Northvegr - ORIGO GENTIUM LANGOBARDUM
		And the Langobards moved thence and came to Golaida and afterwards they occupied the aldionates of Anthaib and Bainaib and also Burgundaib.
		The prefect Longinus took the treasure of the Langobards and commanded Albsuinda, the daughter of king Albuin, to be put in a ship, and sent over to Constantinople to the emperor.
		The rest of the Langobards set over themselves a king named Cleph, of the stock of Beleos, and Cleph reigned two years and died.
	www.northvegr.org /lore/langobard002/index.php (2147 words)

	SALERNO FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Goths were defeated by the Greeks whose domination lasted 15 years (from 553 to 568), up to Langobards invaded almost the whole peninsula.
		In 786 Arechi_II, a Langobard prince, transferred the seat of the Dukedom of Benevento to Salerno, in order to elude Charlemagne's offensive and to secure himself the control of a strategic area, the centre of coastal and internal communications in Campania.
		The Langobard prince ordered the city to be fortified; the Castle on the Bonadies mountain had alredy been built with walls and towers so from 839 the new capital was seat of a principality and powerful political centre.
	www.bellabuds.com /Salerno (1007 words)

	LOMBARDS, or LANGOBARDI - Encyclopedia Britannica - LOMBARDS, or LANGOBARDI - JCSM's Study Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In 568 Alboin and the Langobardi, in accordance with a compact made with Baian, which is recorded by Menander, abandoned their old homes to the Avars and passed southwards into Italy, were they were destined to found a new and mighty kingdom.
		The war which had ended in the downfall of the Goths had exhausted Italy; it was followed by famine and pestilence; and the government at Constantinople made but faint efforts to retain the province which Belisarius and Narses had recovered for it.
		The bride was the Christian Theodelinda, and she became to the Langobards what Bertha was to the Anglo-Saxons and Clotilda to the Franks.
	www.jcsm.org /StudyCenter/Encyclopedia_Britannica/LOB_LUP/LOMBARDS_or_LANGOBARDI.html (4437 words)

	Five Appliques in the Shape of a Cross [Byzantine] (95.15.79-.83) \| Object Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Langobards of Italy adopted the custom of sewing one or more undecorated crosses on the shrouds of the deceased.
		The origin and meaning of the custom, which was specific to the Langobards, remain uncertain.
		This group of five crosses was found in the grave of a Langobardic horseman, who was buried in his warrior costume with weapons, shield, helmet, and horse fittings.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/deth/hod_95.15.79-.83.htm (129 words)

	Triacom: Barendorf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		For many years Langobards and Saxon settlements exist side by side, and it is possible to trace this duality well onward into the Late Middle Ages.
		It is assumed that Barendorf was named after a man called Bardo, a name indicating the fact that he was a Langobard rather than a Saxon.
		There is a very old Indo-European word "barda", which means "water marsh," from which, in turn, the Langobards may have derived their name.
	www.triacom.com /aboutus/barendorf.history.en.html (1117 words)

	Ingl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ambri and Assi, chiefs the Vandals, harried all the provinces in the vicinity with war, and puffed up with pride over the many victories they had won, they sent a message to the Vinnili that they should either pay taxes to the Vandals, or else make ready for war.
		It is certain that the Langobards got this, their later name, from their long beards, untouched by scissors, while they were first called Vinnili, for in their language "lang" means long and "bart" means beard.
		Wotan, whom they called, with the addition of one letter, Godan, is the same god whom the Romans call Mercurius [= Greek Hermes] and who is worshipped by all Germanic peoples as a god; but he did certainly not live in these times, but far earlier, and not in Germania, but in Greece.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Thebes/7778/Ingl.htm (437 words)

	Langobards (Lombards) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Langobards (or Lombards) were a Germanic tribe that began in southern Sweden and worked their way down into Italy by the 6th century.
		When the Lombards --whose original name, Langobards, refers to their long beards-- descended on Italy in the 6th century, they had to deal with several earier waves of German invaders (particularly the Goths) as well as the resurgent Eastern Romans (who were a power in Italy into the 8th century).
		The last remnanst of Lombard independence in Italy, the numerous duchies which they had established in the south, eventually fell to the Normans, who had originally come into southern Italy to serve as mercenaries for the Lombard dukes.
	www.hyw.com /books/history/Langobar.htm (429 words)

	Bormio - Bormio's Roots - Bormio - History - B.E.S.T Bormioonline.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Bormio's Langobards (or Lombards) were a Germanic tribe that began in southern Sweden and worked their way down into Italy by the 6th century.
		The Langobards errected the status of the "Contea" by the German emperors in the 10th century, land owned by the bishops of Coira (Chur) was passed to the Visconti in the year 1350 - which brought many priveledges.
		Territorial claims came from Como and the Grigioni (Grisons), who occupied the area in 1512, than ransack by the Swiss in 1620 and burned by the Spanish in 1621.
	www.bormioonline.com /en/bormio/history?p=2198&PrintVersion=1 (241 words)

	Theudebert_I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Later abandoned Deuteria to marry Wisigarda (daughter of Wacho, king of the Langobards).
		Allying himself with the Gepids and the Langobards (wedding their king's daughter Wisigarda), Theodebert won the northern provinces as well as Raetien.
		Large parts of Venice were taken in 545, but Theodebert's party avoided a confrontation with the Byzantine Emperor.
	comicscomics.com /search.php?title=Theudebert_I (243 words)

	Encyclopedia: Migration (human) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The second phase, between 500 and 900 AD, saw Slavic, Turkish and other tribes on the move, re-settling in Eastern Europe and gradually making it predominantly Slavic.
		Moreover, more Germanic tribes migrated within Europe during this period, including the Langobards (to Italy), and the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes (to the British Isles).
		The last phase of the migrations saw the coming of the Hungarians to the Pannonian plain.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Migration-(human) (1191 words)

	Articles - Lunigiana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Historical origins of these castles date back to times when the Langobards dominated most of the Pianura Padana and when they, while seeking a coastal outlet, found in the Passo della Cisa the natural way in the Appennines:
		On the traces of this Roman road the Langobards built the "Via Francigena", for the control of which there was a bloody and ferocious struggle among the little feud.
		The most important castles in Lunigiana, including the castle of the Piagnaro in Pontremoli, the Rocca of Villafranca and the fortified village of Filetto, were built during this period.
	www.nowize.com /articles/Lunigiana (344 words)

	Two Shield Bosses [Langobardic] (1984.184.1,2) \| Object Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		These two are thought to be have been made in northern Italy, the heart of the Langobardic kingdom from the late sixth to the mid-eighth century.
		The majority of surviving Langobardic shield bosses are made of plain iron.
		The bird-headed spiral on the other boss is an older symbol derived from the Langobards' pre-Christian past.
	www.metmuseum.org /TOAH/ho/06/eust/hod_1984.184.1,2.htm (163 words)

	Beneventan script (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It was also called Langobarda, Longobarda, Longobardisca (signifying its origins with the Langobards), or sometimes Gothica; it was first called Beneventan by palaeographer E. Lowe.
		The Bari type developed in the 10th century from the Monte Cassino type; both were based on Roman cursive as written by the Langobards.
		According to Lowe the perfected form of the script was used in the 11th century, while Desiderius was abbot of Monte Cassino, declining thereafter.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/B/Beneventan-script.htm (495 words)

	Chapter State Of The Barbaric World. of History of The Decline And Fall of The Roman Empire by Gibbon
		Instead of asserting the rights of a sovereign for the protection of his subjects, the emperor invited a strange people to invade and possess the Roman provinces between the Danube and the Alps and the ambition of the Gepidæ was checked by the rising power and fame of the Lombards.
		This corrupt appellation has been diffused in the thirteenth century by the merchants and bankers, the Italian posterity of these savage warriors: but the original name of Langobards is expressive only of the peculiar length and fashion of their beards.
		I am not disposed either to question or to justify their Scandinavian origin; nor to pursue the migrations of the Lombards through unknown regions and marvellous adventures.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/1/62/109/25684/2.html (854 words)

	LOMBARDS FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Their own tradition describes how they left Scandinavia under leaders such as Ibor and settled in Continental Europe, where they were recorded by Tacitus as early as 98 CE:
		After the Langobardi come the Reudigni, Auiones, Angli, Varni, Eudoses, Suarines and Nuithones all well guarded by rivers and forests.
		The name has also been tentatively considered as being derived from the name of a preferred weapon of the Lombards in war: the "long halberd" or long-bladed_axe.
	www.19gmarketinggroup.com /Lombards (577 words)

	Frigg Lore: Saxo Grammaticus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		7: After the Vinnili [= Langobards] had emigrated from Scandinavia under the leadership of Ibor and Aion, they came to the part called Scoringa where they stayed for several years.
		For at that time Ambri and Assi, chiefs the Vandals, harried all the provinces in the vicinity with war, and puffed up with pride over the many victories they had won, they sent a message to the Vinnili that they should either pay taxes to the Vandals, or else make ready for war.
		But when Godan saw them at sun-up, he said "who are these long beards?" Frea had answered that to those whom he had given a name he must also give victory, and thus Godan had let the Langobards win.
	www.wyrdwords.vispa.com /goddesses/frigg/deaconpaul.html (359 words)

	Maurikian Byzantine -- 578-650 AD (DBA 91)
		In the North, the Slavs and Avars were contesting the Empire's Balkan possessions and raiding as far southward as Greece, while the Langobards (i.e.
		Maurice created an alliance with the young prince and then conducted a miliary campaign in 591 AD that successfully restored him to the throne, thus bringing a period of peaceful co-existance between Persia and Byzantium.
		The best strategy, therefore, is to fight a delaying battle against the mounted Langobards while striking against their Warband and Psiloi.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/armies/dba91cjb.html (1648 words)

	Scandinavia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pliny the Elder, whereas Pomponius Mela used the deviant form Codanovia.
		The form Scadinavia, the original home of the Langobards, appears in Paulus Diaconus' Historia Langobardorum[1], but in other versions of Historia Langobardorum appear the forms Scadan, Scandanan, Scadanan and Scatenauge[2].
		In Jordanes' history of the Goths (AD 551) we meet the form Scandza their original home, separated by sea from the land of Europe (chapter 1, 4)[3].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scandinavia (1280 words)

	Heruli the history 268 - 568 AD
		Rodulf made peace with the Langobards and his daughter married the son of the Langobardian king.
		Emperor Justinian in Constantinople let his general Narses assign the Langobards (7000) and "Three thousand Heruli fought on horseback under Philemuth, their native chief and the noble Aratus".
		Most of the tribes were fighting the Huns in the end… the people of Anglo-Saxons was not formed yet and Suevi, Burgundians and Langobards were not known.
	www.catshaman.com /24erils4/0horse2.htm (9014 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Bynames were rare in your period, and occupational bynames seem to have been especially rare.
		We were not able to find one meaning 'knifesmith', either in Langobard or in any of the other contemporary Continental Germanic dialects.
		Given the relatively small amount of surviving evidence, it is possible that the Langobards had a specific term for a knifesmith and used it as a byname, but we have no evidence of this.
	www.panix.com /~gabriel/public-bin/showfinal.cgi/1585.txt (397 words)

	Lombard history in comics - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		After the Vinnili [= Langobards] had emigrated from Scandinavia under the leadership of Ibor and Aion, they came to the part called Scoringa where they stayed for several years.
		But when Godan saw them at sunrise, he said "who are these longbeards?".
		Frea had answered that to those whom he had given a name he must also give victory, and thus Godan had let the Langobards win.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=22496 (401 words)

	Maurikian Byzantine -- 578-650 AD (DBA 91) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The war with the Persians was prosecuted for ten years, until a successful uprising against the Persian ruler Hormizdas led his son Chosroes II to seek refuge with the Byzantines in 590 AD.
		Maurice struck an alliance with the young prince and then conducted a military campaign in 591 AD that successfully restored him to the throne, thus bringing a period of peaceful co-existance between Persia and Byzantium.
		At odds with the Pope at Ravenna, Maurice answered western pleas for assistance against the Langobards by inviting the Franks to invade Italy in 584 AD.
	www.fanaticus.org /dba/armies/III17 (2373 words)

	Multiple Births in Legend and Folklore
		The following legend is told about King Aistulf, who ruled the Langobards in the middle of the eighth century: It is said that his mother brought five children to the world in one hour's time.
		In the times of Agelmund, the King of the Langobards, it happened that a woman of this tribe gave birth to seven baby boys at one time.
		Following the death of Agelmund he became King of the Langobards.
	www.pitt.edu /~dash/manykids.html (4264 words)

	ON THE BORDER OF TWO WORLDS
		AD 490 and AD 568 the Danube was the border of West German Langobards and East German Gepids.
		It is only a small thing that the Gepid wife of Wacho, King of Langobards was Ostrogoto at home and Austrigusa in his husband's court; think at present Schwitzerland.
		But think of the story of Alboin, King of Langobards, his captive Rosamunda, daughter of Cunimund, King of Gepids, and the skull of Cunimund, drinking cup of victorious Alboin.
	www.rmki.kfki.hu /~lukacs/angyar.htm (6332 words)

	Barbarian timeline and scorecard
		4-6 AD: Tiberius Julius Caesar subdues the Langobards on the far side of Albis with support from the Cherusci.
		4-6 AD: Tiberius subdues the Langobards on the eastern side of Albis, aided by the Cherusci.
		650: The Langobards concludes the conquest of whole Italia, excluding Ravenna, South Italia and Sicilia.
	www.mmdtkw.org /ALRItkwRom303_2BarbTimelin.html (3710 words)

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