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Topic: Language policy

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List of countries where language is a political issue

List of revived languages

Language policy in France

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Language

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	Soviet Language Policy in Central Asia
		This process, in which the Turkic languages were subjected to Russian phonological, morphological, syntactic and lexical semantic influences, led on the one hand to the undermining of their structures and systems and, on the other, narrowed their social functions, creating the necessary preconditions for the dominant language eventually to supersede them (Bruchis 1984:138).
		The former increased from 211 in 1978 to 618 in 1979 to 1050 in 1981-82.
		The latter grew from 400 in 1980 to 676 in 1981 to 1959 in 1982 (Fierman 1985:221).
	www.oxuscom.com /lang-policy.htm (9502 words)

	CMMR: Language Policy & Language Rights
		Language use in immigrant families is discussed with a focus on native language loss and the consequences of this loss for intergenerational relationships.
		Article focusing on Israel's language policy reporting Israel as highly multilingual, with a 20% Arabic-speaking minority and large number of languages used by its enormous immigrant population, Hebrew is the dominant language for official, public and private use of the 5,500,000 citizens.
		This Language-in-Education Policy Document is seen as part of a continuous process by which policy for language in education is being developed as part of a national language plan encompassing all sectors of society, including the deaf community.
	www-rcf.usc.edu /~cmmr/Policy.html (3372 words)

	Language policy in France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Académie française was established in 1635 to act as the official authority on the usages, vocabulary, and grammar of the French language, and to publish an official dictionary of the French language.
		The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages is a European convention (ETS 148) adopted in 1992 under the auspices of the Council of Europe to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages in Europe, ratified and implemented by 17 States, but not by France (as of 2004).
		Accurate information on the state of language use is complicated by the non-recognition of regional languages and the inability of the state to ask language use questions in the census.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Language_policy_in_France (1822 words)

	NATIONAL PROFILES OF LANGUAGES IN ýEDUCATION: ISRAEL : LANGUAGE POLICY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The national language of the Arabs (and of the Druze) in Israel is Arabic.
		French, recognized as important because of cultural, political and economic ties and as the community language of a sizable body of immigrants, is taught optionally (or as a required subject in place of Arabic) from 5th to 12th grade.
		The new policy rationalizes and modifies existing policies and practices, and in particular set general goals and lays down funding mechanisms for the teaching of languages in the schools.
	www.biu.ac.il /hu/lprc/lprcprof.htm (2173 words)

	Language policy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although nations historically have used language policies most often to promote one official language at the expense of others, many countries now have policies designed to protect and promote regional and ethnic languages whose viability is threatened.
		A policy favouring the official language is a policy of unilingualism.
		A policy favouring the two official languages is a policy of bilingualism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Language_policy (643 words)

	LAB at Brown: Teaching Diverse Learners -- Policy
		Language and educational policies for children new to English in the United States continue almost spontaneously.
		Of course, educational policies created at the national level are negotiated at the state and local school district levels as supports are provided to schools, teachers, and their students.
		Conduct an assessment of the language background of the ELL student by using a language proficiency instrument.
	www.alliance.brown.edu /tdl/policy/index.shtml (2594 words)

	Research Alert: Language Policy
		Although there are debates over official languages, including in what languages signs should be posted, what languages government employees should be required to speak, and even what languages will be permitted in private settings, these all come to a head in one hotbed of social policy: the classroom.
		Policy limiting language in non-service industries is accused of being a means for employers to discriminate against employees who are “often poor and unaware of their rights” (Waxer, 2004).
		Second language acquisition studies tend to focus on potential harm to the first language, with little research at all being conducted into the potential benefit, the very benefits that are preached so eloquently to all first-year language students who already know English.
	www.angelfire.com /nb2/languagepolicy (1057 words)

	Language in India
		The framers of the language policy of the Gujarat government considered the question of (i) the number of languages that can be learned by pupils, and (ii) the stage or stages at which the study of these languages should be commenced.
		The policy certainly falls in line with the central government's guidance on education in terms of the number of languages to be taught.
		The languages are taught either at the High or Low levels depending upon the native and non-native status that in most cases is similar to the distinction between the native and non-native speakers of Gujarati, the dominant language of the state.
	www.languageinindia.com /sep2002/gujaratlangpolicy.html (2104 words)

	Language Policy (Shiffman homepage) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		An egalitarian policy treats languages even of a small minority as totally equal, always placing both (or all) languages on an equal footing, addressing all citizens as if they are bilingual, etc.
		Restricted policies are not as open and equal for all.
		The right to use a particular language may be restricted to a particular territory within the polity (nation), or even certain domains within a restricted territory.
	dolphin.upenn.edu /~scoronel/lg-policy.html (281 words)

	MLA Language Map
		The MLA Language Map is intended for use by students, teachers, and anyone interested in learning about the linguistic and cultural composition of the United States.
		The MLA Language Map uses data from the 2000 United States census to display the locations and numbers of speakers of thirty languages and three groups of less commonly spoken languages in the United States.
		Compare Languages and Places Generate interactive maps for two languages in the same state, or compare the concentration of the same language in two states.
	www.mla.org /census_main (413 words)

	Language in India
		The Act dictated "Sinhala language shall be the one official language of Ceylon, and that if immediate implementation was impracticable, the language or languages currently in use may be continued until the necessary change is effected as early as possible before the expiry of the thirty-first of December, 1960" (Gunasekara 1996).
		Tamil was accorded the status of an official language in the Northern and Eastern provinces without prejudice to the operation of Sinhala as the official language in those provinces.
		The claims for the pre-eminence of a language or linguistic people group based on population strength are often questioned by counter-claims based on the historical evolution of the modern nation as a single political unit.
	www.languageinindia.com /jan2002/srilanka1.html (1623 words)

	Israel Language Policy and Linguistics by Haiim B Rosén – Ariel vol
		Language policy and language teaching are affected by linguistics in different ways.
		For languages of civilization, wherever language policy is conducted at all, it is conservative and directed against habits or trends considered undesirable by the policy-makers.
		Hebrew classes and institutes in the large-scale framework of language education for adults are in fact as much classes of Israelization as they are language classes.
	www.adath-shalom.ca /israel_lang_policy_rosen.htm (5855 words)

	LING 540: LANGUAGE POLICY
		This is a course on the theory of language policy as it applies in various polities and jurisdictions wherever multilingualism exists.
		We will examine various notions of what language policy consists of, how it operates, its historical roots, and ways it can be studied empirically.
		Students are expected to do a writing project on some aspect of language policy in a jurisdiction of their choice.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/540/policy.html (525 words)

	[No title]
		The LANGUAGE POLICY RESEARCH CENTER was established at Bar-Ilan University in order to conduct research in all aspects of language policy and in the related fields like sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, language learning, innovative strategies of language teaching, language planning and language assessment that are relevant to the development of language policy.
		A research grant from the Israel Foundation Trustees (Ford) supported a study by Muhammad Amara and Bernard Spolsky of the sociolinguistic reflexes of political division in an Israeli Arab village that between 1948 and 1967 was divided physically between Israel and Jordan.
		One inevitable result of immigration is a change in language use and repertoire, and this is the topic that was studied by a team of Israeli and German investigators under a grant from the German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development to Bar-Ilan University and the Free University of Berlin.
	www.biu.ac.il /hu/lprc (751 words)

	Language Policy
		Review of the Language Policy and Language Plan of SU The Language Policy and Language Plan, which were accepted by the University Council in 2002 and that have been operational since 2003, stipulate that Stellenbosch University will review the policy after three years.
		In addition to the Language Task Group, a larger Reference Group (.pdf) has been appointed to accommodate input from the University’s statutory bodies, the campus community, experts on academic functions, and the public, among others.
		These included the Arts Faculty’s proposals for the T option, although the language specifications of every faculty (with the exception of Military Science, which is managed according to a contract with the state) were discussed separately.
	www.sun.ac.za /taal/hersiening_2.html (634 words)

	Maori Language Policy, University of Otago, New Zealand
		The importance of the language is reflected in the waiata composed for the Ngāi Tahu reo rūmaki (Māori language immersion) hui at Rāpaki marae in January 1998.
		One of the provisions in the Māori Language Act 1987 is that te reo Māori is an official language of New Zealand.
		Māori language to be an official language of New Zealand - The Māori language is hereby declared to be an official language of New Zealand.
	www.otago.ac.nz /about/maorilanguagepolicy_engl.html (1760 words)

	Linguist List - Book Information
		Drawing on examples from the United States, Israel, and United Kingdom asylum policies, the author demonstrates different categories of language policy, from explicit use by government bodies and the media, to implicit use where no active decisions are made.
		This critical exploration of language policy concludes with arguments for a more democratic and open approach to language policy and planning, suggesting strategies for resistance and ways to protect the linguistic rights of individuals and groups.
		With useful summaries at the end of each chapter, The Hidden Agendas of Language Policy will be of interest to students from a variety of disciplines including linguistics, sociology, political science, philosophy and communication studies.
	linguistlist.org /pubs/books/get-book.cfm?BookID=17897 (244 words)

	Linguist List - Book Information
		More specifically, the aim of this book is to describe and analyze language education in the Arab society in Israel from the establishment of the state in 1948 until today.
		For this purpose, internal processes, which are embedded within the Arab population itself were examined, such as the socio-economic condition of the population, the diglossic situation in the Arabic language, and the wide use of Hebrew among Arabic speakers.
		Furthermore, the book also deals with external processes such as the policy of control and inspection of the Ministry of Education over the Arab education system in general and on language education in particular, the dominance of Hebrew, and the definition and perception of Israel as a Jewish State.
	linguistlist.org /pubs/books/get-book.cfm?BookID=4539 (425 words)

	Language Policy in the United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The implication of Congress's bilingual education policy statement is that the U.S. aims to have all of its residents become competent in the English language.
		A suggestion for federal laws on foreign languages that one might make—with almost no chance for enactment—would be statutes requiring the teaching of foreign languages and requiring courses in foreign languages for graduation from secondary or post-secondary public schools.
		Official Soviet policy permits the use of non-Russian languages in elementary education and in governmental institutions outside of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic, which is by far the largest unit in the USSR.
	www.mla.org /adfl/bulletin/v09n4/094001.htm (7512 words)

	Language Policy
		Language Planning Agencies and Language Management Organizations – A searchable directory of language policy activity in numerous countries.
		Language Futures Europe – An exhaustive collection of links on multilingualism, nationalism, EEC language policies, and the global dominance of English (on and off the Internet), among numerous other topics; emphasis on Europe, but also features sites on U.S. monolingual follies.
		Language Policy Course – Taught by Dr. Harold Schiffman, University of Pennsylvania
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/JWCRAWFORD/langpol.htm (897 words)

	SIL Bibliography: Language policy
		Robinson, Clinton D. The use of languages in rural development: The case of the Ombessa region of Cameroon.
		Trihus, Margaret S. The role of language committees in developing the indigenous languages of Cameroon.
		Wenger, Robin D. The structure and function of language committees in eastern Zaire.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_subject.asp?code=LPL (1145 words)

	JNCL-NCLIS
		Language and international education are clearly in the public and national interest.
		Although once considered basic educational priorities, language education and international studies lack adequate support and recognition as essential components of today's school curriculum.
		Only with language competence can Americans hope to conduct effective trade policy, expand international trade, ensure the integrity of national defense, enhance international communication, and develop a truly broad-based education for all citizens.
	www.languagepolicy.org (164 words)

	Language Policy Research Unit » People
		Terrence G. Wiley is Professor of Language Policy Studies and Language & Literacy and Interim Associate Dean for Academic Programs and Personnel in the Mary Lou Fulton College of Education at Arizona State University.
		Her research interests are impacts of national education policy on minority groups and maintenance of Japanese as heritage language.
		His research interests center on the interplay between language policy and state needs, in particular why some nation states use language policy to further national defense needs, while others do not. Other research interests include the dynamic of immigration and bilingual education policies in Germany.
	www.language-policy.org /blog/?page_id=16 (2970 words)

	Policy Summit - American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages
		Many thanks to the several thousand language educators and policy makers who tuned in to the National Language Policy Summit on January 10-11, 2005.
		Questions about the National Language Policy Summit may be directed to Marty Abbott, Director of Education, at mabbott@actfl.org.
		To kick off the Year of Languages events for 2005, an international videoconference was held with participants from education, government, and business to focus on the issues surrounding language policies in America and how we can forge a plan of action to implement policies that will promote the agenda of languages for all Americans.
	www.yearoflanguages.org /i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3509 (317 words)

	Cover Pages: Call Policy Markup Language (CPML)
		Call Policy Markup Language (CPML) is an XML-based language to be used in the context of the Extensible Service Policy Architecture (ESP), under development by Digital Telecommunications, Inc. "ESP provides the bridge between the IP-based information community and the SS7-based PSTN, thus opening the PSTN to a wealth of new services driven by IP.
		The protocol-Call Policy Markup Language (CPML), which DTI hopes to push as a standard-is offered on two products that the company plans to announce by the end of this month.
		DTI's Extensible Service Policy (ESP) architecture is aimed at providers of voice and data services, networks system integrators, and subscribers, allowing them to create and modify services that run over existing the network infrastructure and so-called converged voice and data networks.
	www.oasis-open.org /cover/cpml.html (1815 words)

	EUROPA - Education and Training - Action Plan Promoting language learning and linguistic diversity
		On 13 December 2001, at the end of the European Year of Languages, the European Parliament adopted a Resolution recommending measures to promote linguistic diversity and language learning.
		The basis of this consultation was the Staff Working Paper Promoting Language Learning and Linguistic Diversity – Consultation which was published in November 2002.
		It was designed to encourage both stakeholder organisations and individuals to express their views on a number of key issues identified in the document, and in particular on seven salient questions.
	ec.europa.eu /education/policies/lang/policy/index_en.html (447 words)

	NCTE - English Language Learners
		As the number of English Language Learners has increased, the politics of English language learning have become more prominent and complicated.
		Issues such as funding for bilingual education and ESL programs, the pros and cons of making English the official language of the U.S. and the status of ELL students in the context of testing are all sites of contested views.
		This policy brief addresses the inclusion of ELL students in large-scale assessments and ELL assessment accommodations.
	www.ncte.org /edpolicy/ell (486 words)

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