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Topic: Languages in the United States

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	Languages of the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chinese, mostly of the Cantonese variety, is the third largest language spoken in the United States, almost completely spoken within Chinese American populations and by immigrants or the descendants of immigrants, especially in California.
		A language isolate, the Keres are the largest of the Pueblo nations.
		German was a second official language of the State of Pennsylvania and widely spoken in the Midwest until the late 1950s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Languages_in_the_United_States (5254 words)

	United States
		Puerto Rico and the Northern Marianas are commonwealths of the United States.
		The social structure of the United States, a capitalist country, is highly stratified, with a large proportion of the wealth of the country controlled by a small fraction of the population which exerts disproportionate cultural and political influence.
		The United States is also a great center of higher education, boasting more than 1,500 universities, colleges, and other institutions of higher learning, the top tier of which may be considered to be among the most prestigious and advanced in the world.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/u/un/united_states.html (2393 words)

	United States
		The United States of America (U.S.A.), also referred to as the '\United States (U.S. America¹, or the States', is a federal republic in North America and the Pacific Ocean (the islands of Hawaii, and the Aleutians).
		The United States also holds several other territories, districts and possessions, notably the federal district of the District of Columbia, which is the nation's capital, and several overseas insular areas, the most significant of which are Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam and the United States Virgin Islands.
		The social structure of the United States is highly stratified, with a large proportion of the wealth of the country controlled by a small fraction of the population which exerts disproportionate cultural and political influence on the rest of the nation.
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/u/un/united_states.html (2443 words)

	Wikinfo \| United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The United States of America (U.S.A.) (also referred to as the United States, the U.S. America, or (outside its borders) the States), is a federal republic in North America with a strong democratic tradition.
		The federal and state government is dominated by two political parties, the Republicans (center-right) and the Democrats (center-left), although minor party candidates and independents are occasionally elected especially to local or state office.
		As the world's third largest nation (land area), the United States landscape varies greatly: temperate forestland on the East coast, mangrove forests in Florida, the Great Plains in the centre of the country, the Mississippi-Missouri river system, the Rocky Mountains west of the plains, deserts and temperate coastal zones west of the Rocky Mountains.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=United_States (1714 words)

	United States LANGUAGES
		The primary language of the United States is English, enriched by words borrowed from the languages of Indians and immigrants, predominantly European.
		This kind of research, requiring trained field-workers to interview representative informants in their homes, subsequently was extended to the entire Atlantic Coast, the north-central states, the upper Midwest, the Pacific Coast, the Gulf states, and Oklahoma.
		In the western part of the United States, migration routes so crossed and intermingled that no neat dialect boundaries can be drawn, although there are a few rather clear population pockets.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Americas/United-States-LANGUAGES.html (932 words)

	United States
		The country has 50 states, which have a level of local autonomy.
		At the Declaration of Independence, the United States consisted of 13 states.
		The United States is also a great center of higher education, boasting more than 1,500 universities, colleges, and other institutions of higher learning, the top tier of which include schools considered to be among the most prestigious and advanced in the world.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/u/un/united_states.html (2111 words)

	ipedia.com: United States Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		REDIRECT The United States of America, also referred to as the United States, America ¹;, or the States, is a federal republic in central North America and the Pacific Ocean.
		The United States of America (U.S.A.), also referred to as the United States (U.S. America¹;, or the States, is a federal republic in central North America and the Pacific Ocean (the islands of Hawaii, and the Aleutians).
		The economy of the United States is described as "mixed" because, while it is organized primarily on a capitalist model (entrepreneurship is encouraged, and most enterprises are privately owned), it also limits free markets with social welfare programs like Social Security, unemployment benefits, and Medicare, as well as government regulation in virtually every industry.
	www.ipedia.com /united_states.html (2576 words)

	Stocks and families of Mexican languages
		Regardless of the details of family subgroupings, the Otomanguean stock, which includes languages from as far north as the states of Hidalgo and Querétaro (Otomi) and as far south as Nicaragua (Mangue, now extinct), is a group of languages whose potential for the study of language change over the centuries rivals that of Indo-European languages.
		The genetic relationship of the languages which are today known as the Uto-Aztecan language stock was recognized by the late 19th century and firmly established by the middle of the 20th century.
		Some of the languages of the Tepiman family are spoken in the United States as well.
	www.sil.org /mexico/22i-Stocks.htm (1087 words)

	Library: Languages & Linguitics
		Because the United States interacts with virtually every nation in the world, and because U.S. society includes individuals and communities from many of those nations, the need for proficiency in their languages for use in social, economic, and geopolitical areas has never been higher.
		Systematic heritage language programs that include formal instruction in the written language, standard or prestige usage, and technical or professional domains are necessary to maintain heritage languages at professionally useful levels of knowledge and skill.
		In the United States, there are two potential sources of effective programs: the heritage communities themselves, through their various cultural institutions; and the formal education system, including public schools, community colleges, and universities.
	library.educationworld.net /a6/a6-85.html (1366 words)

	Modern Language Association Language Map: A Map of Languages in the United States
		Using data from the 2000 United States census, the reader can view a map displaying the locations and numbers of speakers of thirty languages and three groups of less commonly spoken languages in the United States.
		Compare Languages and Places generates interactive maps for two languages in the same state, or you can compare the concentration of the same language in two states.
		Language-Related Issues Find out about the United States census — the source of the MLA Language Map data — and about the composition of the census's language groups.
	www.learnnc.org /students/9-12/tools/MLAlanguagemap (372 words)

	ED276304 1986-11-00 The Need for Foreign Language Competence in the United States. ERIC Digest.
		Unfortunately, the notion that foreign language instruction is an essential component of the school curriculum has never taken hold for a sustianed period of time, and language study in general has sometimes suffered from being thought of as an educational fad.
		Although the increased numbers of individuals studying foreign languages at all levels of the school system at present give rise to optimism, a primary concern must be to find a way for foreign languages to remain part of the standard school curriculum.
		Research in the field of language acquisition suggests that for the child undergoing normal development in the native language, the earlier instruction in the foreign language begins, the higher the level of proficiency the child will attain in that language (Krashen, Long, and Scarcella, 1979).
	www.thememoryhole.org /edu/eric/ed276304.html (1403 words)

	Linguistic Diversity Underscores Importance of a Common... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In all, 192 languages placed among the 10 most common in at least one county and 60 languages placed in the 10 most common in at least one state.
		The language data is obtained from Census 2000 and refers to the population age five and older speaking a given language at home.
		For language data on all U.S. states and counties, including statewide and nationwide rankings, access the online database and report at http://www.usefoundation.org or call 202-833-0100.
	releases.usnewswire.com /GetRelease.asp?id=43991 (449 words)

	Language and Culture: Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The majority of the languages in the world are unwritten and many of them are disappearing.
		The languages of the so-called "primitive" peoples are often very complex in their grammatical structures.
		There seems to be no correlation between a language's grammatical complexity and the technological level of a society or other aspects of culture.
	anthro.palomar.edu /language/language_1.htm (1030 words)

	Why learn languages? 10 good reasons to learn a foreign language!
		The United States is the only industrialized country that routinely graduates students from high school who lack knowledge of a foreign language.
		Whereas 52.7% of Europeans are fluent in both their native tongue and at least one other language, only 9.3% of Americans are fluent in both their native tongue and another language.
		The author convincingly demonstrates why a knowledge of languages other than English is essential if native speakers of English are to compete successfully in the global marketplace, to understand others, and to protect themselves from emerging threats throughout the world.
	www.vistawide.com /languages/why_languages.htm (693 words)

	Languages in the United States
		Spanish, of course, is the second most commonly spoken language in the United States—there are about 28 million native Spanish speakers.
		And among the top languages spoken by Americans at home is one that has been spoken in this country long before English and Spanish arrived—Navajo.
		As one would expect, among foreign languages formally studied in the United States, Spanish, French, and German—in that order—are the three most popular.
	www.infoplease.com /spot/multilingual1.html (267 words)

	An overview of less commonly taught languages in the United States National Association of Secondary School Principals. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		An overview of less commonly taught languages in the United States National Association of Secondary School Principals.
		The languages showing the largest percentage increase since 1960 include Chinese (from 1,844 students in 1960 to 25,741 in 1995); Japanese (from 1,746 students in 1960 to 44,723 in 1995); and Arabic (from 541 students in 1960 to 4,444 in 1995).
		The random sampling of principals and foreign language teachers from 1,534 elementary schools and 1,650 seeondary schools showed 79 percent of elementary schools that have a foreign language program teach Spanish.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3696/is_200001/ai_n8893444 (837 words)

	E-MELD News - The Year of Languages Information
		Under the guidance and stewardship of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL), 2005 will be celebrated as The Year of Languages in the United States.
		As the representatives of all aspects of foreign language education, ACTFL and its affiliated organizations are prepared to coordinate a cooperative effort to include all of the various organizations and agencies in the foreign language community.
		The goal of The Year of Languages (YOL) celebration is to advance the concept that every American should develop proficiency not only in English, but in other languages as well.
	emeld.org /year-of-languages.cfm (634 words)

	A Map of Languages in the United States
		The MLA Language Map is intended for use by students, teachers, and anyone interested in learning about the linguistic and cultural composition of the United States.
		The MLA Language Map uses data from the 2000 United States census to display the locations and numbers of speakers of thirty languages and seven groups of less commonly spoken languages in the United States.
		And while the number 1 non-English language is no surprise, the other 250 people are a complete mystery.
	www.scotandrews.com /C718268373/E323539137/index.html (183 words)

	Ethnologue report for USA
		Of those, 162 are living languages, 3 are second language without mother-tongue speakers, and 73 are extinct.
		Tactile Sign Language is used by over 900 persons in Louisiana who know ASL, but have lost their sight from a generic cause: Usher's Syndrome.
		Ethnic population: 400,000 in Hawaii (2003 Office of Hawaiian Affairs), 18.8% of the population (1990 Hawaii State Dept. of Health), and 99,269 ethnic Hawaiians on the USA mainland (1990 census), including 24,245 in California.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=USA (4325 words)

	Yale > Near Eastern Languages & Civilizations > Introduction
		Charles C. Torrey, professor of Arabic and Semitic languages, founded the first American school for research in the Near East, at Jerusalem, and directed the Jerusalem school's first archaeological excavation in 1900, as well as editing the first major text in Classical Arabic published in the United States.
		The Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations today maintains its strong sense of traditional humanist values, as well as its outstanding leadership in developing and evaluating new techniques, perspectives, and resources for study of the Near East.
		Prospective students are strongly encouraged to visit the Yale campus in order to discuss their interests with the faculty, to attend classes, and to meet the graduate student population.
	www.yale.edu /nelc (573 words)

	Welcome to the Languages of the World Website
		Language plays a unique role in capturing the breadth of human diversity.
		The main purpose of this website is to provide information about the language families of the world and their most important and populous members, including their history, status, their linguistic characteristics, and their writing in as simple and concise a way as possible.
		We base this website on the belief that all languages have evolved from the need of human beings to express their thoughts, beliefs, and desires, that all languages meet the social, psychological, and survival needs of people who use them.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw (238 words)

	Program Background - American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages
		New and innovative approaches to having children learn languages need to emerge in both public and private schools, as well as in the proprietary language schools.
		Americans of all ages are studying languages. From preschools through high schools and postsecondary institutions to elder hostels, adolescents and adults of all ages are requesting that language courses be part of the curriculum and offerings in schools and adult education programs.
		We anticipate that the Year of Languages will be the launch pad for many future activities that will take place on an annual basis in the United States.
	www.actfl.org /i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3422 (242 words)

	Teaching Indigenous Languages Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Native American Languages Act of 1990, which makes it government policy to promote, protect, and preserve the Indigenous languages of the United States.
		The conferences focus on the linguistic, educational, social, and political issues related to the survival of the endangered Indigenous languages of the world.
		Stabilizing Indigenous Languages, which includes papers, session summaries, and other materials from the 1994 and 1995 conferences.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~jar/TIL.html (325 words)

	iSpeak Translation Services » Blog Archive » A Map of Languages in the United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A Map of Languages in the United States
		For language enthusiasts and translators alike, this is a “must have” for your reference.
		The MLA Language Map uses data from the 2000 United States census to display the locations and numbers of speakers of thirty languages and three groups of less commonly spoken languages in the United States.
	www.ispeak.net /blog/archives/69 (503 words)

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