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Topic: Languages of Mali

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	African Languages - MSN Encarta
		Languages in the Mande subgroup are spoken in Senegal, Mali, Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone.
		Bambara, spoken in Mali, is the principal language in this subgroup.
		Languages of the Adamawa East subgroup are spoken in Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire), and the Central African Republic.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761565449/African_Languages.html (1765 words)

	African Languages - Printer-friendly - ninemsn Encarta
		Of these, the Kordofanian languages number only 31, all with small populations; they are found in a small area of the Nuba hills in southern Sudan, surrounded by languages of the Nilo-Saharan family and by Arabic.
		North of the Bantu language area, in the north of the Republic of the Congo and adjacent territory, is a branch of the Volta-Congo subfamily, the North branch.
		Its largest branches are Zande and Ngbandi languages; an Ngbandi-based creole known as Sango is widely used as a lingua franca in the Central African Republic, and is growing in importance.
	au.encarta.msn.com /text_761565449___6/African_Languages.html (623 words)

	Languages of Mali - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bambara, a Manding language in the Mande family, is the most used language however (by about 80% of the population).
		Bambara, propagated as the national language by the government, is spoken mainly in central and Southern Mali.
		Mali · Mauritania · Mauritius · Morocco · Mozambique · Namibia · Niger · Nigeria · Rwanda · São Tomé and Príncipe · Senegal · Seychelles · Sierra Leone · Somalia · South Africa · Sudan · Swaziland · Tanzania · Togo · Tunisia · Uganda · Zambia · Zimbabwe
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Languages_of_Mali (333 words)

	Foundation For Endangered Languages Issue 26.
		The languages spoken on the Dogon Plateau and adjacent areas in northern Mali are generally known to outsiders as ‘Dogon’, but this term is not used by individual groups.
		It is presumably the last remaining representative of the languages spoken prior to the expansion of the Dogon proper.
		Language isolates are extremely rare in the world, and those in Eurasia, such as Basque and Burushaski, have received their fair share of scholarly attention.
	www.ogmios.org /266.htm (1895 words)

	African Languages
		The three most important languages are Moore (Mossi), spoken as a first or second language by over half the population, mainly in the center of the country; Jula (a Mande variety), spoken in the west; and Fufulde (a variety of Fula), spoken in the east.
		The main languages are Amharic, Oromo, Tigrinya and Somali, with Amharic as the lingua franca being spoken as a first language by approximately 28 percent of the population and as a second language by a further 40 percent.
		It is estimated that 13 indigenous languages are spoken in Malawi, The 1966 population census indicated that Chichewa was the majority language, spoken as a native language by 50.2 percent of the population and as a second language by a further 25 percent.
	chora.virtualave.net /afrilang1.html (10097 words)

	African languages - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		These languages are spoken in all parts of the continent, from the extreme south up to the territory of the Afroasiatic languages of N Africa.
		All of the Khoisan languages appear to use tones to distinguish meanings, and the Khoikhoi languages and some of the San languages inflect the noun to show case, number, and gender.
		Swahili, a Bantu tongue of the Niger-Kordofanian stock, was written before the European conquest of Africa (see Swahili language), and Vai, a language belonging to the Mande subdivision of Niger-Congo, employs an indigenous script developed in the 19th cent.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-africanlng.html (1565 words)

	Civilizations in Africa: Mali
		As with Ghana, Mali was built off of the monopolization of the trade routes from western and southern Africa to eastern and northern Africa.
		Mali was not a true empire, but rather the center of a sphere of influence.
		Mali had never been an empire proper, and subject states began to break off from the Mali sphere of influence.
	www.wsu.edu:8000 /~dee/CIVAFRCA/MALI.HTM (565 words)

	People and Culture of Mali
		In all, there are thirty-two languages listed for Mali, but French is the official language and a large part of the population uses Bambara as its mother tongue, and as secondary language it is employed to communicate nationwide.
		The traditional music of Mali is based on the songs of the jalis (or griots), a distinct caste in the social structure since the days of the Mali Empire.
		In Mali, nearly all ceremonies are accompanied by the timeless and distinctive melody of drums.
	www.africaguide.com /country/mali/culture.htm (886 words)

	Mali
		Mali is the cultural heir to many ancient African empires-Ghana, Malinke, and Songhai-that occupied the West African Savanna.
		In April 1959 Mali merged with Senegal to form the Federation of Mali, which became independent on June 20, 1960.
		The Republic of Mali was proclaimed on September 22, 1960.
	www.uiowa.edu /~africart/toc/countries/Mali.html (324 words)

	Mali - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mali is divided into 8 regions (régions) and 1 district, and subdivided into 49 cercles and finally 288 arrondissements.
		Mali · Mauritania · Mauritius · Mozambique · Namibia · Niger · Nigeria · Rwanda · São Tomé and Príncipe · Senegal · Seychelles · Sierra Leone · Somalia · South Africa · Sudan · Swaziland · Tanzania · Togo · Tunisia · Uganda · Western Sahara (SADR) · Zambia · Zimbabwe
		Mali • Martinique • Mauritania • Mauritius • Morocco • Niger • Republic of the Congo • Romania • Rwanda • Saint Lucia • São Tomé and Príncipe • Senegal • Seychelles • Saint-Pierre and Miquelon • Switzerland • Togo • Tunisia • Vanuatu • Vietnam
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mali (1533 words)

	Mali
		As the historian Adame Konaré Ba explains, the arrival of the French in Mali is very recent considering the very long history of this country.
		It only dates back to the second half of the 19th century, a period marked by the fall of Ségou, the repression of numerous resistance movements and the downfall of the great Moslem chiefs, such as El Hadj Omar and Samori, two figures symbolic of Moslem resistance against the Christian influence in Africa.
		Despite a relative scarcity of literature written by women from Mali, it does however include one of the most important literary works of the region: Aoua Kéita's autobibilography that represents a mine of information on women's political action, as well as the female condition during the colonial period.
	aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au /CountryMaliEN.html (534 words)

	The Embassy of Mali
		Mali owes its name to the prestigious Empire of Mali, which, according to historians, was the most powerful state of Africa, south Sahara, in the middle ages.
		Mali became part of the French West Africa by the end of the 19th century.
		Mali has over 10 million inhabitants and its is divided into eight administrative regions: Kayes, kouliloro, Sikasso, Segou, Mopti, Tombouctou, Gao, Kidal and the District of Bamako, the capital.
	www.maliembassy.us /new_site/aboutmali/overview.htm (134 words)

	Ethnologue: Mali
		A triangle between San and Sofara on the Bani River in Mali, and Soumbara, west of Nouna, in Burkina Faso.
		The language is reported to be influenced by Zenaga, Soninke, and Hassaniya Arabic.
		The government is actively promoting the language through adult literacy classes and as the language of instruction at the primary level in some experimental schools.
	www.christusrex.org /www3/ethno/Mali.html (2031 words)

	Discover the Wisdom of Mankind on Mali (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Republic of Mali (RÃ©publique du Mali) is a landlocked nation in West Africa.
		Mali was ruled by a series of dictators from independence until 1991.
		Mali's constitution provides for a multi-party democracy, with the only restriction being a prohibition against parties based on ethnic, religious, regional, or gender lines.
	www.blinkbits.com /blinks/mali (1209 words)

	African Language Dictionaries, Glossaries and Lexicons
		Iká is an Igboid language spoken in southern Nigeria.
		Mpiemo, classified as A86c in Malcolm Guthrie's classification, is a hitherto undescribed Bantu language spoken by a minority group with the same name, the largest part of whom live in the rainforests of western Central African Republic.
		Basa language as spoken near the Niger-Benue confluence in Nigeria.
	home.acceleration.net /clark/Links/Lexicon.htm (1052 words)

	Mali Eco-Tours & Travel - Trips by JOURNEYS International
		Mali is in the huge heart of West Africa covering 1,240,000 sq.
		Any Mali trip must cope with bad roads, erratic air and land transportation and the many rigors of travel in an impoverished country.
		A visit to Mali is well worth the effort.
	www.journeys-intl.com /destinations/africa/mali (317 words)

	The People of Mali
		The major groups are the Bambara (the linguistic name for the Bamana and Bamakan people), Fulani (the English name for the Fulfulde or Peul groups), Soninka (which includes the Marka), Senoufo (the linguistic name for groups also referred to as "Senufo"), Songhai, Maninke (includes the Malinka and the Maninka), and the Dogon.
		In the writings of Hampate Ba, one of the most profound philosophers of Mali, we have learned "weavers, sculptors, potters and smiths were members of exclusive societies in which the masters, assisted by their servants, taught the apprentices the sacred craft.
		Likewise, there is no single word for "art" in the African languages; there are actually a number of such words for things that are beautiful or things that are made.
	www.princetonol.com /groups/iad/lessons/middle/p-ofmali.htm (1375 words)

	Ethnologue report for Mali
		Bamanankan dialects are spoken in varying degrees by 80% of the population.
		Wasulu is a dialect of Bamanankan in Mali and of Western Maninkakan in Guinea.
		The eastern dialect is spoken from north of Mopti to Boni in the east.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=Mali (1707 words)

	African Studies Center \| K-12 Guide, Languages
		This is an on-line classification of world languages, including African languages and ethnology derived from the Ethnologue: Languages of the World by Barbara F. Grimes (ed.), and the World Genetic Tree of Languages, by Joseph E. Grimes, B. Bright and Bernard Comrie.
		Dogon is a group of languages in the Niger-Congo language family (roughly analogous to the Romance languages in Indo-European), spoken in Mali and Burkina Faso.
		Nyakyusa is one of the relatively few Bantu languages that doesn't make use of tones, but it also differs substantially from surrounding languages in terms of vocabulary.
	www.africa.upenn.edu /K-12/menu_EduLANG.html (444 words)

	Mali information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mali, officially the Republic of Mali (French: République du Mali), is a landlocked nation in Western Africa.
		The empire of ancient Mali, located in western Africa, stretched across the sahel and the Sahara Desert.
		Southern Mali is wetter and natural vegetation is increasingly abundant, while northern Mali is arid and desert.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Mali (1583 words)

	African Studies Center \| Mali Page
		The Ethnologue is a catalog of the world's languages including information on alternate names, number of speakers, location, dialects, linguistic affiliation, and other sociolinguistic and demographic information.
		From January 18-30 1997, the Mali Interactive Project was online from Jenné, Mali, posting information on archaeological excavations and discoveries at the site of Jenné-jeno and on encounters with the people and culture of Jenné.
		Phtographs from different cities of Mali, and sound clips of famous musicians.
	www.africa.upenn.edu /Country_Specific/Mali.html (285 words)

	African languages. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		geographic rather than linguistic classification of languages spoken on the African continent.
		The principal linguistic families of Africa are now generally said to be Afroasiatic; Niger-Kordofanian (including Niger-Congo); Nilo-Saharan; and Khoisan, or Click; two other stocks, Indo-European and Malayo-Polynesian, are also represented.
		Its alphabet was derived from that of Coptic.
	www.bartleby.com /65/af/Africanlng.html (1428 words)

	Mali on the Internet
		Farmers organizations in Bénin, Mali and Burkina Faso are asking that cotton producers in North American and Europe not been given price supports to continue growing cotton in competition with African cotton producers.
		One of its goals is to promote the use of African languages in African intergovernmental organisations.
		Secrets of the Sahara is a well-written account of efforts by Mali scholars to preserve manuscripts from the 14th century onwards.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/africa/mali.html (5461 words)

	Foundation For Endangered Languages. Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The first of the two grants is for Dr Valentin Vydrin of European University in St. Petersburg, Russia, to visit Bamako in Mali, to investigate the status of the Kagoro or Kakolo language, spoken near the River Niger.
		(Their speaker populations were estimated by S. Wurm in 1975 at 1,000, 320 and 50 respectively.) The last few years have seen a dramatic increase in local awareness of the worsening situation their languages and cultures face, in part because of the proximity of the region to the local district capital in Merauke.
		Preliminary work has shown that the Kanum languages and Yei may be related to the Pama-Nyungan family in Australia; if this proves to be correct, it will be the only established connection that the languages have with any outside area, and so the languages have tremendous consequences for the linguistic prehistory of the whole region.
	www.ogmios.org /71.htm (406 words)

	Mali
		Building Faith in Burkina Faso: "In all 17 evangelism campaigns between 2004 and 2005 (15 in Burkina and 2 in neighbouring countries), 1953 were won to Christ.
		Listed here are the primary and alternate names of the languages of Mali.
		Another reference on countries, languages and people groups is Peoplegroups.org.
	globalrecordings.net /country/ML (165 words)

	Mali Travel Guide and Bicycle Touring Guide
		Bisecting the region is the Niger River The Strong Brown God Africa's third longest river and the life blood of central West Africa.
		Since the time of the great Mali and Songhai empires the Sahel has been the crossroads of West African trade.
		For more information on Mali see the publication Bicycle Touring In Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger.
	www.ibike.org /africaguide/mali.htm (639 words)

	Top20Mali.com - Your Top20 Guide to Mali!
		The Mandé; peoples settled the Sahel (including present-day Mali), and formed a succession of Sahelian kingdoms, including the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire, and the Songhai Empire.
		Mali was invaded by France starting in 1880.
		In 2002 he was succeeded in democratic elections by Amadou Toumani Touré, who had been a key figure in the 1991 democratic uprising.
	top20mali.com (855 words)

	Practical Small Projects \| Home
		Inspired by her unique philosophy for addressing poverty in the developing world, I resolved to accompany her on her next venture and assist her newly established non-profit, Practical Small Projects.
		Mary knows Mali’s problems won’t be solved overnight, but realistic and self-sustaining projects make a meaningful and lasting impact.
		As Mali gets dark around 6pm, the lights increase the amount of time for study.
	www.practicalsmallprojects.com /malian_adventures.html (960 words)

	World Music Central - Your connection to World Music
		Ali Farka Toure was born in 1939 in Gourmararusse (in the Timbuktu region), Mali, into the noble Sorhai family.
		For years he followed a successful career in West Africa adapting traditional songs and rhythms in ten languages from Mali's enormous cultural wealth.
		In 2004 Ali Farka Toure was appointed mayor of the Niafunke region of Mali.
	www.worldmusiccentral.org /artists/artist_page.php?id=1093 (976 words)

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