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Topic: Languages of the European Union

Related Topics

European languages

Official language

Demographics of the European Union

List of language academies

Languages of France

Languages in the United Kingdom

List of countries where language is a political issue

Foras na Gaeilge

Foreign language

List of official languages by country

Language revival

Names of the European Union in the official languages

Semitic languages

Demotic Greek

Linguicide

	Languages of the European Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although the Irish language had not been one of the official languages of the European Union prior to 13 June 2005, it is the Republic of Ireland's first official language, and has minority-language status in Northern Ireland.
		Though Catalan-Valencian, Galician and Basque are not nation-wide official languages in Spain, as co-official languages in the respective regions they are eligible to benefit from official use in EU institutions under the terms of the 13 June 2005 resolution of the Council of the European Union.
		On 11 December 1990, the use of Catalan was the subject of a European Parliament Resolution (resolution A3-169/90 on languages in the (European) Community and the situation of Catalan (OJ-C19, 28 January 1991).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Languages_of_the_European_Union (1561 words)

	European languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is the smallest official language of the EU in terms of speakers.
		Three minor source languages for European borrowings are Arabic (esp. in mathematics and science, foreign plants and fruits), Italian (esp. in arts, esp. from the 15th to the 17th c.), German (esp. in arts, education, mining, trading from the 12th to the 20th c.
		A minority language can be defined as a language used by a group that defines itself as an ethnic minority group, whereby the language of this group is typologically different and not a dialect of the standard language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/European_languages (2846 words)

	GlobaLex - European Union Legal Materials : An Infrequent User's Guide
		The European Commission is roughly equivalent to the executive branch of the U.S. government, particularly the Office of the President of the United States and the cabinet-level agencies.
		Accession to the European Union of the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland, and the Kingdom of Sweden, June 24, 1994, 1994 O.J. (C 241) 9 (Fourth Accession Treaty).
		Five institutions are involved in the EU legislative process: the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Parliament, the Committee of the Regions, and the Economic and Social Committee.
	www.nyulawglobal.org /globalex/European_Union.htm (4889 words)

	EUROPA - Education and Training - Languages in Europe
		According to a Eurobarometer study the official languages of the Union are spoken as mother tongues by the following percentages of the population of the European Union:
		While it is the mother tongue for 16% of the European population, a further 31% of the EU citizens speak it well enough to hold a conversation.
		The teaching of languages in compulsory education in more widespread than before: In Denmark, Greece, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, and the United Kingdom, teaching of a foreign language is obligatory for a longer period than it was ten years ago.
	ec.europa.eu /education/policies/lang/languages/index_en.html (1200 words)

	European Union Legal Materials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Accession to the European Union of the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden, June 24, 1994, 1994 O.J. (C 241) (Fourth Accession Treaty).
		Treaty concerning the accession of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic to the European Union (16 April 2003)
		Five EU institutions are involved in the legislative process: the Commission, the Council of the European Union, the Parliament, the Committee of the Regions, and the Economic and Social Committee.
	www.law.columbia.edu /library/Research_Guides/internat_law/eu (8448 words)

	MERCATOR :: Dossier 17: Introdution: The rules governing the languages of the European Union: which languages and to ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The question of which languages should be used in the institutions of the European Union and to what extent is currently a quite contentious issue, one with intense debate and a very noticeable presence in the mass media, especially in Spain and Ireland.
		One peculiarity of the European Union is that it has had to redefine itself throughout its construction process and the rules governing the languages of its institutions are not an exception.
		The European Parliament adopted on 11 December 1990 a Resolution on languages in the Community and the situation of Catalan, in response to two petitions tabled by the Catalan Parliament and the Parliament of the Balearic Islands.
	www.ciemen.org /mercator/butlletins/60-48.htm (6550 words)

	Global Jurist Topics
		Inside the European Union the use of different languages is one of the obstacles to the integration process.
		A European legal language could be attained by careful linguistic control by the European Union and, better still, by harmonised law that is directly enacted by the European Union without the deviation of directives which have to be later transposed into national law.
		All the other official languages have their own value and they must be used in the most coherent way, accessible even to foreign lawyers with a passive knowledge of theses languages.
	www.cisg.law.pace.edu /cisg/biblio/heutger1.html (5097 words)

	Delegación de la Comisión Europea para Colombia y Ecuador (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It is the European Commission that is represented by Delegations overseas and the correct appellation, for example, is: Delegation of the European Commission to Australia and New Zealand.
		The Union as a whole is served by a single institutional framework, The former EC Council of Ministers is now called the Council of the European Union or EU Council.
		In a similar way, the use of the European Union or EU is recommended to call the territory formerly commonly referred to as the EC in such expression as: the EU Member States, EU population, EU market or industry, etc.
	www.delcol.cec.eu.int /en/eu_guide/eu_guide.htm (658 words)

	EU Pundit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The current 25 Member States of the European Union represent 20 official languages of the EU.
		Expatica.com via DPA has a February 10, 2005 article enititled English rules the European Union, in which they report that there had been a marked increase in the teaching of English in Eastern Europe since 1998.
		However, to say that "English rules the European Union" is overstating the case a bit.
	eupundit.blogspot.com /2005/02/languages-of-european-union.html (462 words)

	Language Log: The Languages of the European Union
		The addition of ten new members to the European Union has added nine languages, for a total of twenty.
		In this case, adding a language means adding translation between that language and the intermediate representation, not adding translation between the new language and all of the other languages.
		Such interlingual machine translation systems have been studied for many years, but the dominant view still favors transfer systems, in which languages are translated pairwise in order to take advantage of detailed knowledge of the correspondance between the two languages.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/000846.html (342 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This reflects the difficulties of constructing the European project, which has become a Babel of 20 languages following enlargement from 15 to 25 countries last May. The dispute, which has escalated over the past few weeks, is about national sensitivities and pride about countries' standing in the European Union.
		It shows that while Europeans are willing to merge their currencies in the euro and concede other sovereign powers to Brussels, they are not willing to give up their language.
		The subject of language is delicate in Brussels, where speeches often have to be repeated two or three times, press releases are issued in triplicate and earphones are a necessary accessory in meetings and conferences.
	www.asu.edu /educ/epsl/LPRU/newsarchive/Art5381.txt (3499 words)

	European Union Babel is only growing louder - Deccan Herald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The 191-member United Nations may tick along just fine with six languages, but in Europe the right of officials and legislators to work in their own language is now enshrined as a democratic imperative.
		As for the extra expense, European officials respond that the Union's linguistic services cost less than 1 percent of the total budget, or just $2.40, per citizen per year — the equivalent of a cup of coffee.
		A language's use in Brussels may improve public perceptions of the European Union, but this acceptance is more likely to influence how a country sees itself than how it is viewed by others.
	www.deccanherald.com /deccanherald/may022004/fp5.asp (785 words)

	Language Log: God bless the multilinguals
		Bill Poser's observation that there are 380 language pairs of languages used in the European Community as from May 1st is of course obtained by the formula n
		In case anyone wondered, for the entire world (imagine a future world government with every distinct language community represented) we can assume the number of languages is roughly the number listed in the Ethnologue produced by the Summer Institute of Linguistics: 6,809.
		God bless the multilinguals, the people (like John Kerry) who have put in the effort to become fluent in a foreign language so that a lot of other people don't have to.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/000847.html (379 words)

	QCA \| Additional official languages of the European Union
		Since the enlargement of the European Union on 1 May 2004 there are nine new official EU languages: Czech, Estonian, Hungarian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Slovak and Slovenian.
		Any EU languages (except English), may be offered by maintained schools to satisfy the requirements of the national curriculum for England.
		the language is a modern foreign language taught at a school that also offers relevant pupils the opportunity of studying one or more of the official languages of the European Union for the purposes of the National Curriculum at the third key stage.
	www.qca.org.uk /2996_6862.html (301 words)

	The European Union (Collections Bibliography)
		Westlake, Martin, The Council of the European Union.
		The statistical agency for the European Union is Eurostat [URL: http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/eurostat/eurostat.html].
		Identifies amendments brought by the Amsterday Treaty to the Treaty on European Union (resulting from the Maastricht Treaty) and to the Treaty establishing the European Inion (the Treaty of Rome amended by the Single Act and the Maastricht Treaty).
	www.lib.berkeley.edu /doemoff/govinfo/intl/gov_eugde.html (1740 words)

	European Year of Languages
		As part of the European Year of Languages, the European Commission is organising a major study of languages in EU Member States and on people's attitudes to languages and language learning.
		There will also be a separate study on language teaching in European education systems, covering some future Member States of the EU as well as current ones.
		The European Year of Languages website is a rich source of information.
	www.ucc.ie /acad/langlit/eyl.html (631 words)

	BUBL LINK: European union
		European Union Web server, with information on the Parliament, the Council, the Commission, the Court of Justice, the Court of Auditors, and other bodies of the European Union.
		Aims to encourage research into the history of the European Communities, to promote public interest in the development of European integration and to ensure greater transparency in the functioning of the European institutions.
		Objective is to establish a European school information network as a multimedia and communications platform as well as a framework for collaboration between schools in Europe.
	bubl.ac.uk /link/e/europeanunion.htm (1021 words)

	infoBASE Europe AtoZ of Europe : Languages in the European Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The European Union differs from many of its other major trading partners such as the United States and Japan in that it is multilingual community.
		In various parts of the European Union there are indigenous groups who speak a language different to that of the majority of the population of the state.
		It is estimated that as many as 40 million citizens of the Union regularly use a regional or minority language that has been passed on from generation to generation, generally in addition to the official language or languages of the state.
	www.ibeurope.com /Issues/LAN.htm (778 words)

	European Union Mobility Flows: Language as Cultural Capital - ISRE Newsletter Volume 7 # 1
		Two objectives of TEMPUS are particularly interesting: (1)to enable students from the Community to spend a period of study or placement in an eligible country (i.e., CEE nation); and (2) to promote increased exchanges and mobility of teaching staff and trainers as part of the cooperation process.
		With such large numbers of citizens unable to converse in a second language, residents of Romania and Hungary are at a distinct disadvantage as the European Union expands.
		Language skills are not capital in an economic sense but allow for symbolic exchanges which can allow an individual an opportunity to extend the boundaries of her/his existence (Berstein, 1973).
	www.indiana.edu /~isre/NEWSLETTER/vol7no1/Slowinski2.htm (1944 words)

	Calls for Presentations, Papers, Publications: Journal: RiLUNe - Review of Literatures of the European Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The European literary and cultural heritage has been built in the course of several centuries through processes of interlingual and intercultural communication.
		At different times in European history, translation allowed for the transfer of literary traditions and currents among different languages and it contributed to renovate and modify profoundly the cultures in which it was practiced.
		Among the possible perspectives, we invite contributions that explore: the evolution of the relationship between dominating and dominated languages in the practice of translation, the choice of the texts to be translated in a given historico-linguistic context, as well as the influence of translation in the creation of a national literary canon.
	www.unm.edu /~loboblog/mort/archives/006224.html (729 words)

	European Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		European Union law resource page with links to European Union agencies, services, offices, foundations, centers, banks, committes, commissions, parliament offices, delegations, political parties, the European Union constitution, European Union government, European Union law, European Union court, European Union legal research, European Union legislation, and much more.
		EUROPA is a common endeavour of the EU's institutions, run by the European Commission.
		European Union Law: site includes the official journal, treaties, legislation, case law, and more.
	www.washlaw.edu /forint/europe/eu.htm (523 words)

	Law and Language in the European Union
		The use of the different (legal) languages of the European Union Member States is one of the most practical and most difficult problems in the process of European integration.
		Still not solved is the question, if this common frame of reference will be accessible in all Member State languages or only in some selected languages.
		This article will reflect the need of a better and more coherent legal language use on a European Union level and describe the linguistic instruments offered by national States and the European Union itself.
	www.bepress.com /gj/topics/vol3/iss1/art3 (195 words)

	The translation agency for all 20 languages of the European Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The translation agency for all 20 languages of the European Union
		We specialize in the translation of the European languages.
		The 9 languages of the 10 countries that joined the Union on May 1st 2004:
	www.european-translation.com /languages2.htm (77 words)

	Sites Officiels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		http://www.europa.eu.int (all languages of the European Union Countries)
		EUROPEAN UNION - DELEGATION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSIONS TO THE UNITED STATES
		THE INSTITUTIONS AND SPECIALIZED AGENCIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
	www.consulfrance-chicago.org /Europe/sites_officiels.htm (108 words)

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