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Topic: Laparotomy

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Abdominal surgery

Omentum

Abdominal

Digestive tract

Abdominal cavity

Appendectomy

Linea alba

Laparoscopy

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Pubic symphysis

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	laparotomy
		Laparotomy is the medical term used for surgery that involves opening the abdomen.
		Laparotomy is always performed under general anesthesia and is considered major surgery.
		Laparotomy is often used when the surgeon requires a bigger view of the operating field to correct a problem.
	www.dyspareunia.org /html/laparotomy.htm (144 words)

	Laparotomy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A laparotomy is a surgical maneuver involving an incision through the abdominal wall to gain access into the abdominal cavity.
		Usually, only diagnostic laparotomy is referred as a surgical operation by itself; and when a specific operation is already planned, laparotomy is considered merely the first step of the procedure.
		The most common incision for laparotomy is the midline incision, a vertical incision which follows the linea alba.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Laparotomy (389 words)

	Laparotomy for ovarian cysts
		Laparotomy is a surgical procedure to examine the abdominal organs
		Laparotomy does not prevent the formation of new cysts unless the ovaries are removed during the procedure.
		Laparotomy is used to confirm the diagnosis of an ovarian cyst, remove a cyst that is causing symptoms, and rule out ovarian cancer.
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/topic/detail/surgical/hw178611/detail.htm (349 words)

	Gunshot wounds in Lagos
		Laparotomy was performed in 57 (73.1%) patients who presented with an acute abdomen.
		Laparotomy was performed in patients that developed acute abdomen during observation, otherwise they were discharged home after a few days.
		Laparotomy was undertaken in 57 (73.1%) patients who presented with an acute abdomen.
	www.rcsed.ac.uk /journal/vol43_4/4340004.htm (3557 words)

	[No title]
		By a rating action dated in October 1990, the evaluation for the laparotomy residuals was increased from 20 percent to 40 percent, effective from October 31, 1989.
		In the Board's judgment, the criteria required for a 100 percent evaluation for the laparotomy residuals, including the ventral hernia, were met as of February 1988, when the veteran submitted his initial claim for benefits for the laparotomy residuals.
		In March 1991, the RO advised the veteran that the disability compensation for the laparotomy residuals would be withheld to recoup the amount of the settlement, effective in June 1991.
	www.va.gov /vetapp/files2/9411706.txt (2537 words)

	Nonop Management of Liver and Spleen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Therapeutic laparotomy for solid organ injury was required in 5 additional patients due to ongoing hemorrhage (4) or poor visualization (1) on laparoscopy.
		The use of laparoscopy helped to accurately predict therapeutic laparotomy in 100% of 12 cases, non-therapeutic laparotomy in 6 and negative laparotomy in 3.
		Of the 12 requiring a laparotomy for control of hemorrhage, seven (58%) were successfully treated by splenic salvage operations.
	www.east.org /tpg/chap6refs.html (7695 words)

	Women's Surgery Group
		A laparotomy incision is usually 6 to 14 inches long.
		A "bikini" laparotomy incision (Pfannenstiel) may be of varying lengths, from a few inches (minilaparotomy) to the entire length between the hip bones.
		Usually, however, gynecologic surgery performed through a laparotomy is done by looking directly into the incision.
	www.womenssurgerygroup.com /treatments/comparelaparo.asp (337 words)

	Ovarian Cancer Stages, Grading and Prognosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The stage and grade of a tumor are important prognostic factors that help determine the outcome of the cancer and treatment options.
		During a laparotomy a surgical incision is made in the abdomen so the surgeon can visually examine the ovaries, the pelvic cavity and the abdomen.
		The amount of cancerous tissue remaining after the laparotomy may also have a positive or negative affect on prognosis.
	www.information-about-ovarian-cancer.com /html/staging.php3 (440 words)

	Laparotomy
		A laparotomy is a surgical incision into the abdominal cavity.
		Once the laparotomy is complete, the muscle of the abdominal wall and the overlying skin are sutured (sewn) closed.
		An alternative to laparotomy is laparoscopy ('keyhole surgery'), where the abdominal cavity is accessed via small incisions.
	www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au /bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Laparotomy?OpenDocument (841 words)

	American Family Physician: Laparoscopy vs. laparotomy for benign ovarian masses - Tips from Other Journals
		The level of postoperative pain was significantly higher in the laparotomy group in the immediate postoperative period and within the first 24 hours after surgery.
		Analgesia was not required postoperatively in 54 percent of the patients in the laparoscopy group, compared with 10 percent of the laparotomy group.
		Although the laparoscopic approach is less invasive than laparotomy, the decision to perform one procedure or the other should be based on the same clinical criteria.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_n4_v57/ai_20383488 (528 words)

	Hodgkin's disease - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		These procedures will always include documentation of their histology, a physical examination, blood tests, chest X-Ray, CT scans or MRI ( magnetic resonance imaging) scans of the chest, abdomen and pelvis, and a bone marrow biopsy.
		Some patients will also require liver biopsy, lymphangiograms, gallium scans, bone scans, and surgical laparotomy, which involves opening the abdominal cavity and visually inspecting for tumors.
		Surgical laparotomy is now largely of historical significance only.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hodgkin%27s_disease (1295 words)

	Laparoscopy in Gynecologic Malignancies
		This 55% false-negative rate for peritoneoscopy when compared with laparotomy underscored the limitations of laparoscopy at that time, while also emphasizing the need for subsequent laparotomy in patients who appeared to be disease-free at laparoscopy.
		Lehner et al found the timing of laparotomy to be a predictive factor in the distribution of disease stage.[7] In their study, 24 of 48 patients had a delay of more than 17 days between laparoscopy and laparotomy.
		This study demonstrated that a negative second-look laparoscopy that is not followed by laparotomy is not as efficacious as exploratory laparotomy.
	www.cancernetwork.com /journals/oncology/o9906a.htm (10391 words)

	eMedicine - Gynecologic Laparoscopy : Article by William W Hurd, MD
		In patients with previous laparotomy in which the scar is located at the umbilicus, use of an alternative location for trocar insertion (usually in the left upper quadrant) has been recommended to avoid injury of bowel adherent immediately beneath the umbilicus.
		Despite the potential for increased risk of bowel injury after previous laparotomy, some laparoscopists advocate the use of a closed periumbilical trocar insertion techniques in all patients, regardless of a history of previous surgery.
		This appears to be a different process than an incisional hernia that occurs after laparotomy, in which a palpable bulge is the most common presenting symptom and entrapment is uncommon.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3299.htm (11146 words)

	TRAUMA.ORG: Abdominal Trauma: Penetrating Abdominal Trauma Evaluation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		If a thoracic injury is suspected during a laparotomy a hemithorax can be explored through the diaphragm or a formal thoracotomy, and a tamponade explored through a pericardial window and sternotomy.
		Exploratory laparotomy for all penetrating abdominal wounds still has a role in resource-limited environments, or occasionally in cases of multi-cavitary injuries.
		With the incidence of complications with a negative laparotomy at of 12%-41%, with hospital stays of 4-8 days,, it is difficult to support such a strategy where adjunctive methods such as CT or DPL are available and serial physicial examination has such a low missed injury rate.
	www.trauma.org /abdo/penetrating.html (3302 words)

	Untitled Document
		Laparotomy for PD catheter malposition was required in 20 of the 148 patients.
		Laparotomy tended to be performed later in the patients showing incisional hernia.
		Midline incision during PD catheter implantation establishes a predilection for incisional hernia: it is well known that the change from midline to paramedian incision resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of incisional hernia (5,7).
	www.advancesinpd.com /adv01/29Song.htm (2074 words)

	laparotomy myomectomy \| Resources relating to laparotomy myomectomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Early outcome of myomectomy by laparotomy, minilaparotomy and laparoscopically assisted minilaparotomy.
		Fibroids that are attached to the outside of the uterus by a stalk (pedunculated myomas) are the easiest...
		Three were converted to laparotomy myomectomy, 2 to vaginal hysterectomy, and 2...
	www.fibroidreport.com /directory/laparotomy-myomectomy.html (381 words)

	Femalepatient.com
		The goal of studies on laparoscopic cancer staging is to demonstrate equivalence with laparotomy in completeness of surgical staging and survival rates.
		One patient required laparotomy, while laparoscopic lymphadenectomy was not possible in 6% because of limited exposure secondary to patient obesity.
		The Gynecologic Oncology Group LAP-2 protocol is an ongoing phase III randomized trial of laparoscopic lymph node sampling with vaginal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy versus laparotomy with lymph node sampling, abdominal hysterectomy, and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in patients with clinical stage I and stage IIa endometrial adenocarcinoma.
	www.femalepatient.com /html/arc/sig/surgery/articles/029_04_025.asp (3477 words)

	To Lap or Not to Lap -- Cho et al. 1 (3): 120 -- The Oncologist
		The value of staging laparotomy and splenectomy in the staging of Hodgkin’s disease.
		Clinical staging versus laparotomy and combined modality with MOPP versus ABVD in early-stage Hodgkin’s disease: the H6 twin randomized trials from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lymphoma Cooperative Group.
		Specht L, Horwich A, Ashley S. Salvage of relapse of patients with Hodgkin’s disease in clinical stages I or II who were staged with laparotomy and initially treated with radiotherapy alone.
	theoncologist.alphamedpress.org /cgi/content/full/1/3/120 (2742 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Abdominal exploration
		Abdominal exploration is a surgical procedure that opens the abdomen (laparotomy) and explores it for problems.
		Some problems inside the abdomen can be easily diagnosed with noninvasive tests such as x-rays and CT scans, but many problems require surgery to explore the abdomen to obtain an accurate diagnosis.
		Exploratory laparotomy may be recommended for diagnosis when there is abdominal disease from an unknown cause.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/002928.htm (386 words)

	Laparotomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Laparotomy (open surgery) is being used less and less.
		The realisation that postoperative pain, complications and recovery times are related almost exclusively to the size and position of the initial surgical excision has contributed to the radical upheaval in the traditional surgical approach to intraabdominal pathology.
		Similarly gynaecologists may in future convert nearly all laparotomies to laparoscopies.
	www.sgeg.info /laparot.htm (68 words)

	Gunshot Wounds of Abdomen: Evaluation of Stable Patients with Triple-Contrast Helical CT -- Múnera et al. 231 ...
		Patient underwent exploratory surgery, and the injury was confirmed at laparotomy.
		Mandatory laparotomy for gunshot wounds penetrating the abdomen.
		The role of CT scan in evaluation for laparotomy in patients with stab wounds of the abdomen.
	radiology.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/231/2/399 (4588 words)

	OB GYN News : Tell laparoscopy patients about laparotomy. (Conversion Risk). @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		MIAMI BEACH -- Counsel all laparoscopy patients that their procedure could be converted to a laparotomy, Dr. Andrew Sokol said in a poster presented at the annual meeting of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists.
		The morbidity associated with laparotomy alone is greater than with laparoscopy, and the risk of conversion increases if less experienced surgeons are attempting complicated procedures, said Dr. Sokol of the Cleveland Clinic.
		In a multiple logistic regression analysis, 159 unintended laparotomies converted from laparoscopy were compared with 323 successful laparoscopies.
	static.elibrary.com /o/obgynnews/march012003/telllaparoscopypatientsaboutlaparotomyconversionri/index.html (190 words)

	My Laparotomy
		If the surgery had any complications, though, it would change into a laparotomy - a more invasive procedure that would require my doctor to extend one of the small incisions by my pubic hair to three inches to allow her more maneuverability.
		A laparotomy would also require me to stay in the hospital for a few days and would take 4-6 weeks to recover from.
		She had switched to the laparotomy to better maneuver around the endometrioma.
	www.goerwitz.com /endo/laparotomy (3422 words)

	Surgery for ovarian cysts
		When an ovarian growth or cyst needs to be closely looked at, a surgeon can do so through a small incision using laparoscopy or through a larger abdominal incision ( laparotomy).
		Either type of surgery can be used to diagnose problems such as ovarian cysts, adhesions, fibroids, and pelvic infection.
		After a laparotomy, you may stay in the hospital from 2 to 4 days and return to your usual activities in 4 to 6 weeks.
	my.webmd.com /hw/womens_conditions/hw178611.asp (443 words)

	Laparoscopic Lysis of Adhesions
		An eventration of the trocar orifice occurred late in one patient and ischaemic stenosis of the bowel required laparotomy in another.
		The rate of adhesions to the wound was different in the two groups(70% laparotomy, 0% laparoscopy; P = 0.003).
		In a rabbit model, comparing laparoscopy and laparotomy in a strictly controlled operative environment, a stereotyped intraperitoneal injury results in similar rates of postoperativeadhesions.
	www.foxhall.com /adhesion.htm (792 words)

	DARE abstract976131 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The indication for conversion to laparotomy in all 8 patients was the inability to identify gross peritoneal disease at laparoscopy.
		The need for conversion to laparotomy due to a lack of gross persistent disease may be reduced if intraoperative cytologic consultation is obtained on washings retrieved laparoscopically before conversion to laparotomy.
		The authors believe that, according to a previously published result, the use of rush cytology before conversion to laparotomy in patients without gross evidence of persistent disease at laparoscopy would be expected to detect 22% of microscopically positive second-look operation cases.
	nhscrd.york.ac.uk /online/nhseed/976131.htm (856 words)

	eMedicine - Cesarean Delivery : Article by Harish M Sehdev, MD
		The term cesarean delivery is defined as the delivery of a fetus through a surgical incision through the abdominal wall (laparotomy) and uterine wall (hysterotomy).
		The most common situation is a patient who has had several prior laparotomies (including several prior cesarean deliveries) or one who develops a coagulopathy from either severe preeclampsia or significant hemorrhage.
		The uterine cavity usually is wiped clean of all membranes with a dry laparotomy sponge, and the cervix can be dilated with an instrument, such as a Kelly clamp, if the patient underwent delivery with a previously undilated cervix.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3283.htm (8457 words)

	Triple-Contrast Helical CT in Penetrating Torso Trauma: A Prospective Study to Determine Peritoneal Violation and the ...
		who are asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic but who require laparotomy [ 4, 5, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 ].
		Laparotomy was performed because a hematoma was seen on sigmoidoscopy.
		Bull JC, Mathewson C. Exploratory laparotomy in patients with penetrating wounds of the abdomen.
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/full/177/6/1247 (5738 words)

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