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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pierre-Simon Laplace
		Laplace mainly the full development of the co-efficients, of the potential and of the theory of probabilities.
		Laplace (who left seventy thousand francs for the purpose) and his niece the Marquise of Colbert, in thirteen volumes (1878-1904), under the auspices of the Academy of Sciences.
		Laplace indulges in a frivolous remark against Callistus III both in the "Theory of Probabilities" (Introduction, also separately as "Essai Philosophique") and in the "System of the World" (IV, iv).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08796a.htm (756 words)

	Pierre-Simon Laplace
		Laplace had not yet completed his twenty-fourth year when he entered upon the course of discovery which earned him the title of "the Newton of France." Having in his first published paper shown his mastery of analysis, he proceeded to apply its resources to the great outstanding problems in celestial mechanics.
		Laplace was, moreover, the first to offer a complete analysis of capillary action based upon a definite hypothesis -- that of forces "sensible only at insensible distances"; and he made strenuous but unsuccessful efforts to explain the phenomena of light on an identical principle.
		Laplace treated the subject from the point of view of the gradual aggregation and cooling of a mass of matter, and demonstrated that the form which such a mass would ultimately assume must be an ellipsoid of revolution whose equator was determined by the primitive plane of maximum areas.
	www.nndb.com /people/871/000031778 (3099 words)

	Laplace, Marquis de Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Laplace was elected to the Académie Française in 1816.
		Laplace succeeded in showing that these fears were unfounded by demonstrating that these variations from the mean motion, known as the great inequality, were in fact ordinary periodic perturbations explicable in terms of the law of gravitational attraction and the near commensurability of the mean motions of the two planets.
		Laplace's theory is the first that can truly be called dynamical and is notable for the analysis of the tidal oscillation into its main harmonic constituents, namely, the long-term inequalities, the daily inequality, and the principal twice-daily oscillation.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/laplace-marquis-de (1189 words)

	Read This: Pierre-Simon Laplace, 1749-1827: A Life In Exact Science
		And Laplace by common repute is one of the commanding figures of the mathematics and science of that period.
		Clifford Truesdell writes, "Laplace is one of those mathematicians who won a great reputation in his own day and has held it ever since, safe within his forbidding eruption of formalism.
		On it Laplace constructs a 'curve of probability,' AZMB, along which every ordinate is proportional to the probability that the mean inclination is equal to the corresponding abscissa.
	www.maa.org /reviews/laplace.html (1453 words)

	Pierre Simon Laplace (1749 - 1827)
		Laplace went in state to beg Napoleon to accept a copy of his work, and the following account of the interview is well authenticated, and so characteristic of all the parties concerned that I quote it in full.
		Laplace in 1816 was the first to point out explicitly why Newton's theory of vibratory motion gave an incorrect value for the velocity of sound.
		Laplace's investigations in practical physics were confined to those carried on by him jointly with Lavoisier in the years 1782 to 1784 on the specific heat of various bodies.
	www.maths.tcd.ie /pub/HistMath/People/Laplace/RouseBall/RB_Laplace.html (2309 words)

	Laplace (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Laplace observed that from his mathematical formulas it was possible to draw the conclusion that “nature has arranged everything in the sky to insure the permanence of the planetary system, with the same purpose that it seems to have adopted on Earth for the preservation of individuals and the perpetuation of species,”
		Laplace stressed that the human race is beset by a great fear that a comet may upset the Earth, a fear that manifested itself dramatically after Lexell’s comet in 1770 had passed at only 2,400,000 km from the Earth.
		Since Laplace was concerned with eliminating providential order, he proved (within the limits of the formal rigour that was considered sufficient by mathematicians of his age) that the mutual gravitational influence of the planets cannot disrupt the system.
	www.interpres.cz /worag/cosmol/inheav/laplace.htm (1530 words)

	Pierre-Simon Laplace
		Laplace was a member of the committee of the Académie des Sciences to standardise weights and measures in May 1790.
		Laplace presented his famous nebular hypothesis in 1796, which viewed the solar system as originating from the contracting and cooling of a large, flattened, and slowly rotating cloud of incandescent gas.
		Laplace continued to apply his ideas of physics to other problems such as capillary action, double refraction, the velocity of sound, the theory of heat, and elastic fluids, and he wrote papers on all these subjects.
	www.stetson.edu /~efriedma/periodictable/html/La.html (904 words)

	laplace
		At the age of 19, mainly through the influence of d'Alembert, Laplace was appointed to a chair of mathematics at the école Militaire in Paris on the recommendation of d'Alembert.
		Laplace became Count of the Empire in 1806 and he was named a marquis in 1817 after the restoration of the Bourbons.
		Laplace presented his famous nebular hypothesis in Exposition du systeme du monde (1796), which viewed the solar system as originating from the contracting and cooling of a large, flattened, and slowly rotating cloud of incandescent gas.
	library.thinkquest.org /C006364/ENGLISH/mathematician/laplace.htm (479 words)

	Marquis de Laplace
		Among Laplace's achievements was an improvement in the mathematical description of the solar system, which suggested that the system was invariably stable and could be self-sustaining.
		Laplace's friends laid low or went through the motions of repudiating their previous skepticism.
		It is ironic, then, that Laplace stands in memory as the "Newton of France," in spite of a seriously flawed character.
	www.ronaldbrucemeyer.com /rants/0328a-almanac.htm (389 words)

	Laplace, Pierre Simon de (1749-1827)
		Laplace explained the long-term variations in the orbital speeds of Jupiter and Saturn (1786), and the Moon (1787).
		The solar system, Laplace said, originated out of a gradually cooling cloud of gas, with the planets most remote from the center condensing first.
		Laplace's theory also suggested that planets are a natural consequence of the evolution of stars, so that many stars ought to have planetary retinues.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/L/LaPlace.html (365 words)

	Biographies
		Laplace was born to prosperperous farming family in France.
		In 1773 Laplace was elected to the Académie and throughout the next ten years published some of his best work.
		In 1784 Laplace was made an examiner of the Royal Artillery Corps, a post which brought him to the attention of those with political influence.
	tulsagrad.ou.edu /statistics/biographies/laplace.htm (697 words)

	Laplace
		A mathematical genius, Laplace showed in a mathematical analysis that the planets must proceed on their paths to the end of time and that, accordingly, they have been on their present orbits since the very beginning.
		Nevertheless, the estimate of the twenty-three year old Laplace that the planetary orbits are eternal became the pricipal statute of faith, or the supreme dogma of the astronomers of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
		This last postulate of Laplace was sometimes silently dropped out of his theory; and the permanency of the celestial orbits remained, and served as alpha and omega of all subsequent thinking.
	www.varchive.org /ce/orbit/laplace.htm (514 words)

	PlanetMath: Laplace transform (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Notice the Laplace transform is a linear transformation.
		The most popular usage of the Laplace transform is to solve initial value problems by taking the Laplace transform of both sides of an ordinary differential equation.
		This is version 19 of Laplace transform, born on 2003-06-11, modified 2007-03-01.
	planetmath.org /encyclopedia/LaplaceTransform.html (148 words)

	Laplace on probability and statistics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Laplace's first memoir on recurrent series was "Recherches sur le calcul intégral aux différences infiniment petites, and aux différences finies" which was published in Mélanges de philosophie et de mathématiques de la Société royale de Turin, pour les années 1766-1769 (Miscellanea Taurensia IV), 273-345, 1771.
		Laplace realized that he could give a probabilistic justification to the method of least squares without assuming a normal distribution of errors through his central limit theorem.
		In this memoir, Laplace discusses the masses of Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus expressed as a fraction of the mass of the Sun using values obtained from Bouvard and also the length of the pendulum expressed in tenths of a second using the value of Mathieu.
	cerebro.xu.edu /math/Sources/Laplace/index.html (3959 words)

	100 Years Carnegie: Pierre-Simon Laplace
		Pierre-Simon Laplace was born in Beaumont-en-Auge, in Normandy, France, on March 28, 1749.
		Laplace was immediately employed at the Ecole Militaire and was elected to the position of head mathematician at the Académie des Sciences after being hired in 1773.
		Laplace made many achievements in applied mathematics and astronomy, and their effects are still being felt today.
	www.departments.bucknell.edu /History/Carnegie/laplace/index.html (502 words)

	LaPlace (Site not responding. Last check: )
		When Laplace arrived as a young man in Paris seeking a professorship of mathematics, he submitted his recommendations by prominent people to d'Alembert, but was not received.
		Afterwards, Laplace drew him aside and showed him the identical discovery in one of his own old but still unpublished manuscripts.
		Laplace used to say that young beginners in mathematical research were his stepchildren, and there are several instances in which he withheld publication of a discovery to allow a beginner the opportunity to publish first.
	library.thinkquest.org /22494/stories/LaPlace.htm (277 words)

	Laplace Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Laplace is a tool for collecting reference traces whole systems including all kernel, process, library, and filesystem cache reference.
		Using a Laplace trace, it is possible to simulate the memory management of a multi-programmed workload, where there is sufficient information to simulate the scheduling of each kernel thread.
		Laplace can also be used to gather the references to a single process or thread, if desired.
	www.cs.amherst.edu /~sfkaplan/research/laplace (122 words)

	Cyrille-Pierre Théodore Laplace - New Zealand in History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Laplace met Rewa again in the Bay of Islands, and presented the chief with muskets.
		The chieftains were referring to the murder of French explorer Marion du Fresne in 1773, and the subsequent massacre of a large number of Māori by angry crew members of the "Mascarin".
		The alarm which Laplace's visit provoked served to hasten the events which led to the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, and the subsequent annexation of New Zealand.
	history-nz.org /discovery6.html (723 words)

	Laplace's extinction theorem
		In reading Laplace, either in the original or in Bowditch's translation, one must remember that he uses the notation of the emission theory in treating refraction, and that he employs the centesimal angular measures of the French revolution instead of the sexagesimal ones that are customary (still) today.
		The law of atmospheric extinction, which was discovered by Bouguer and by Lambert around 1670, is that the logarithm of the transmitted intensity is a linear function of the mass of air in the line of sight.
		We must assume that the extinction is entirely due to the gaseous atmosphere; that is, we ignore the part of the extinction due to aerosols.
	mintaka.sdsu.edu /GF/explain/extinction/Laplace.html (1299 words)

	Laplace, Pierre Simon Laplace - Famous mathematicians pictures, posters, gifts items, note cards, greeting cards, and ...
		Laplace considered probability theory to be simply "common sense reduced to calculus", which he systematized in his "Essai Philosophique sur les Probabilités" (Philosophical Essay on Probability, 1814).
		Laplace's contention that the universe and all it contained were deterministic machines was thoroughly over-turned by the discoveries of twentieth century physics.
		Laplace's partial differential has been successfully used for tasks as diverse as describing the stability of the solar system, the field around an electrical charge, and the distribution of heat in a pot of food in the oven.
	www.mathematicianspictures.com /Mathematicians/Laplace.htm (442 words)

	eFunda: Laplace Transforms
		The Laplace transform is a powerful tool formulated to solve a wide variety of initial-value problems.
		The strategy is to transform the difficult differential equations into simple algebra problems where solutions can be easily obtained.
		One then applies the Inverse Laplace transform to retrieve the solutions of the original problems.
	www.efunda.com /math/laplace_transform/index.cfm (94 words)

	Table of Laplace Transforms
		Laplace transforms are used to solve differential equations.
		As an example, Laplace transforms are used to determine the response of a harmonic oscillator to an input signal.
		Oberhettinger and L. Badii, Table of Laplace Transforms, Springer-Verlag, N.Y., 1972.
	www.vibrationdata.com /Laplace.htm (171 words)

	Laplace Transforms and Circuit Analysis - Recommended Books Page
		In the words of Dr. Math "The Laplace transform is an aid in solving differential equations of a continuous-time system, and the z transform performs the same task using difference equations for a discrete-time system, e.g.
		There are tables of z transforms used in the same manner as the Laplace transforms for finding the inverse functions, and there are many other analogies.
		Laplace Transforms and Circuit Analysis page is geared to bring some interesting books to your attention.
	www.a-ten.com /art/laplace.htm (420 words)

	Laplace Technologies Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Laplace will provide expertise in all areas of the process control and instrument engineering fields, including instrument specification and design, wiring design, DCS replacement, emergency shutdown system design and programming, regulatory and advanced regulatory control design and implementation, application of constrained multivariable controllers, and systems programming and integration.
		Laplace engineers can apply their knowledge of proper control practices to assure robust control applications.
		Laplace engineers may be contracted on a part-time or full-time basis to provide consulting services, or to augment your existing staff.
	www.laplacetech.com /index.html (230 words)

	Pierre-Simon Laplace
		Laplace had a wide knowledge of all sciences and dominated all discussions in the Academy.
		Laplace served on many of the committees of the Académie des Sciences, for example Lagrange wrote to him in 1782 saying that work on his Traité de mécanique analytique was almost complete and a committee of the Académie des Sciences comprising of Laplace, Cousin, Legendre and Condorcet was set up to decide on publication.
		Laplace was made a member of the committee of the Académie des Sciences to standardise weights and measures in May 1790.
	www.shsu.edu /~icc_cmf/bio/laplace.html (3720 words)

	[No title]
		Laplace Benchmark The core of the Laplace test code is a simple two-dimensional central differencing scheme.
		Laplace was developed as a vehicle for motivating an introductory MPI course and as such, little attention was paid to performance-related issues.
		Since Laplace is a streaming memory code, we expect floating point rates and efficiencies to be consistent with the STREAMS benchmark.
	www.psc.edu /~oneal/charts/common/laplace (723 words)

	Laplace Technologies Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Laplace has experience specifying instruments for measurement of flow, pressure, temperature, level, and chemical composition or properties.
		Laplace has performed complete DCS replacement projects, including specification of replacement instrumentation, specification of DCS hardware, creation of instrument database, loop diagrams and wiring diagrams comprising the detailed engineering package for installation of the replacement DCS.
		Laplace can conduct studies to determine the potential return available from application of enhanced process instrumentation and control.
	www.laplacetech.com /Page2.html (271 words)

	Chaos & Fractals: Laplace's Demon
		Laplace is credited with the following famous quotation which is often referred to as "Laplace's Demon."
		"Laplace's Demon" concerns the idea of determinism, namely the belief that the past completely determines the future.
		Indeed, this passage had a strong influence on setting the course of science for years to come, and by the early 1800's determinism had become very firmly entrenched among many scientists.
	www.pha.jhu.edu /~ldb/seminar/laplace.html (344 words)

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