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Topic: Lapland war

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	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Lapland War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Lapland War is a name used for the hostilities between Finland and Germany between September 1944 and April 1945.
		It carries its name since it was fought in the northernmost province of Finland, Lapland.
		(After the war the Allies convicted Rendulic of war crimes, and they sentenced him to twenty years in prison.) The last German troops were expelled in April 1945.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/la/Lapland_War (470 words)

	Lapland War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Lapland War is a name used for the hostilities between Finland and Germany between September 1944 and April 1945.
		It carries its name since it was fought in the northernmost province of Finland, Lapland.
		Because of this, the latter half of the Lapland War is known in Finland as the Children's Crusade.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lapland_War (575 words)

	World War II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Italian declaration of war in June 1940 challenged the British supremacy of the Mediterranean, hinged on Gibraltar, Malta, and Alexandria.
		The North African war proved to be a disaster for Italy, and when the Allies invaded Sicily on July 10 in Operation Husky, capturing the island in a little over a month, the regime of Benito Mussolini collapsed.
		It was one of the bloodiest sieges of the war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/World_War_II (9229 words)

	Lapland War: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Lapland War is a name used for the hostilities between Finland[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject] and Germany[For more facts and a topic of this subject, click this link] between September 1944 and April 1945.
		A war crime is a punishable offense, under international law, for violations of the law of war by any person or persons, military or civilian....
		World war ii was a global conflict that started on 7 july 1937 in asia and 1 september 1939 in europe and lasted until 1945, involving the...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/la/lapland_war.htm (1134 words)

	War: Finland in World War II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The first one was the so-called "Winter War" from November 30, 1939 to March 13, 1940 which started after Finland refused to yield to demands made by the Soviet Union concerning areas of Finnish territory along the Finnish south-eastern border.
		The second war that we fought is called the "Continuation War" which we fought alongside Germany from June 25, 1941 to September 4, 1944.
		The third war is called the "Lapland War" and was fought against Germany after the armistice with the Soviet Union.
	www.hkkk.fi /~yrjola/war/finland/summary.html (1514 words)

	Finland, hotels, cars, information, tips
		The Civil War was chiefly fought between the educated class, supported by Germany and the big class of independent small farmers, against propertyless rural and industrial workers who despite universal suffrage in 1906 had found themselves without political influence.
		After the Winter War (confirmed by the outcome of the Continuation War) 12% of Finland's population had to be re-settled.
		War reparations, unemployment and uncertainty regarding Finland's chances to remain sovereign and independent of the Soviet Union contributed to considerable emigration, abating first in the 1970s.
	www.flights-and-hotels.com /finland (2744 words)

	Finnish 3rd Division (Continuation War) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 3rd Division (3.Divisioona) was a unit of the Finnish Army during the Continuation War.
		During the war, the division fought mostly in the Uhtua and Kiestinki area.
		During the Lapland War against Germany in 1944, the division made a landing in Tornio.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Finnish_3rd_Division_(Continuation_War) (147 words)

	Finland : FI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		During World War II, Finland fought the Soviet Union twice: in the Winter War of 1939-1940 (with some support from Sweden) and again in the Continuation War of 1941-1944 (with considerable support from Germany).
		After the Winter War (confirmed by the outcome of the Continuation War) 12% of Finland's population had to be re-settled.
		War reparations[?], unemployment and uncertainity regarding Finland's chances to remain sovereign and independent of the Soviet Union contributed to considerable emigration, abating first in the 1970s.
	www.findword.org /fi/fi.html (1274 words)

	Finland after the war
		As a token of milder weather in the cold war, the Soviet Union returned Porkkala to the Finns on January 26, 1956.
		The fact that for a while it was possible to conduct the Lapland War in cooperation with the Germans saved many lives and cities like Oulu from devastation.
		This is due to the practice of evacuating civilians from the way of war; also aerial bombings were not as destructive as in many other countries.
	www.rajajoki.com /afterwar.htm (1763 words)

	Lapland, Sweden, Swedish Lapland - Arvidsjaur - Schwedisch Lappland, Arctic Circle, Polarkreises, Polcirkeln, Lapland, ...
		Arvidsjaur in Swedish Lapland till holds several Sami villages, and as a tribute to the Sami people a reindeer is the basis for the City Arms.
		The Christianization of Arvidsjaur in was slow, as it was in S wedish Lapland as a whole, because of the low population, the harsh climate and the large distances.
		Sie erwarben Pelze und Häute von den Jägern und handelten sie weg zu den südlichen Regionen, angeblich in den beträchtlichen Zahlen.
	www.arvidsjaur.eu (1339 words)

	The weather during the Winter War, part 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Due to the war, nearly all records from the weather stations at or near the border are unavailable (lost in the war, station evacuated or some other similar reason).
		While the 13th week of the war saw Lapland having a somewhat mild temperature, only -12 C in Sodankylä, further south the temperatures were on average around -20 degrees below zero.
		As mentioned in the Foreword-section, the temperatures of the Winter War are notorious.
	www.winterwar.com /other/weather.htm (3503 words)

	Finland (04/07)
		This was followed by the Lapland War of 1944-45, when Finland fought against the Germans as they withdrew their forces from northern Finland.
		Finland's basic foreign policy goal from the end of the Continuation War with the U.S.S.R. in 1944 until 1991 was to avoid great-power conflicts and to build mutual confidence with the Soviet Union.
		Although an ally of the Soviet Union in World War II, the United States was not a signatory to this treaty because it had not been at war with Finland.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3238.htm (3585 words)

	Finland - Gurupedia
		The Civil War was chiefly fought between the educated class, supported by Germany and the big class of independent small farmers, against propertyless rural and industrial workers who despite
		Dialects, folklore, customs and people's feeling of affiliation are associated with these historical provinces, although the re-settlement of 400,000 Karelians during World War II and urbanization in the latter half of the 20th century have made differences less pronounced.
		To the north, in Lapland, are found the Sami, numbering less than 7,000, who like the Finns speak a Finno-Ugric language (Sami).
	www.gurupedia.com /f/fi/finland.htm (1740 words)

	Lapland War
		Lieutenant-General Siilasvuo was given command of the 3rd Army Corps and the whole operation in Lapland.
		There was a small Finnish unit in Kemi (Unit P had been moved there from Petsamo after the armistice) and information from them regarding German troops in Kemi made Siilasvuo to decide on Tornio as the place for the surprise landing behind the Germans’ backs.
		Not all of the peace-time Army was left in Lapland.
	www.rajajoki.com /lapland.htm (1884 words)

	virtualpilots.fi: WW2History-JK256English.html
		It began when I was at the weekly Wednesday meeting of the Oulu veterans, where Eikka (Eino Estama) read the Lapland Air Command Guild's letter to the subdivisions.
		The anniversary and the wreath ceremony at the memorial was mentioned in the letter.
		Among others, both of the Estamas were coming along (war pilots and members of the Pilven Veikot).
	www.virtualpilots.fi /en/hist/hist_jk-256/WW2History-JK256English.html (1120 words)

	Finland & the continuation war
		The vast wildernessess of the Lapland were guarded by small patrols mostly.
		All Germans had to leave Finland within 15 days (which they of course could not accomplish, and this led to Lapland War), a large sum of reparations had to be payed (this gave rise to Finnish metal and shipbuilding industry), the army had to be on peacetime streght in November, the army
		The Control Commission later demanded for a War Quilt Trial, which was against all judicial principles of Finnish courts, as the "crime" had been no crime when committed.
	www.wargamer.com /rtm/contwar.htm (2710 words)

	Wikinfo \| Finland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Into the 19th century there was a most obvious language barrier; then during the 19th century Finland developed a proud University-educated meritocracy that felt as being the true representation of "the people" since they spoke the people's language and since a great deal of their ancestors really had been poor peasants.
		The Civil War was chiefly fought between the educated class, supported by Germany and the big class of independent small farmers, against propertyless rural and industrial workers who despite universal suffrage in 1906 had found themselves without political influence.
		Treaties signed in 1947 and 1948 with the Soviet Union included obligations and restraints on Finland vis-a-vis the Soviet Union as well as further territorial concessions by Finland (compared to the Moscow Peace Treaty of 1940).
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Finland (1315 words)

	Finland
		The least damaged from the Winter War were repaired in Finnish factories and used with the Vickers T-26Es to form a tank battalion.
		After the Continuation War it was planned to change the 85mm gun to a 75mm AT-gun (used in StuGs) due to ammunition supply, and the good performance of the German weapon.
		Between the wars he spent his time pointing the big finger at his comrades so that Stalin had plenty of cannon fodder for his purges.
	mailer.fsu.edu /~akirk/tanks/finland/finland.html (4620 words)

	Perspectives on WWII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		War of Soviet aggression, after heroic stand by unaided Finns (expect foreign cheering, no help, only cheering) a draconic peace is reached.
		In many ways, Hitler was the allies' MVP once the war started, because his poor decisions made over the recommendations of an exceptionally capable group of generals often put the Germans at a disadvantage.
		Spain was a Fascist state for many years after the war and owes this fact to the heavy support of the Nazis and Fascists during their civil war.
	www.politicalforum.com /viewtopic.php?t=2487 (4229 words)

	Fire and Ice: History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Island of Suursaari, in the Gulf of Finland, was attacked by the Soviets and lost by the Finns, but control was regained by March.
		The Finns made use of this downtime in the fighting to strengthen their positions by building more trenches, bunkers and minefields on the front lines.
		In December, Von Ribbentrop sent a note to Helsinki expressing some concerns that Finland might pursue a separate peace with the Soviet Union as he and Hitler were worried about Finnish inaction on the front lines.
	www.wfyi.org /fireandice/history/continuation42.htm (378 words)

	Aviation Wings and Badges of WW2 - Finnish Air Force (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		To understand Finland's role in World War II it is necessary to identify the country's participation in three totally different wars during the period 1939-1945.
		Notwithstanding Finland's declaration of war against the Soviet Union, American and British attitudes toward the Finns were generally sympathetic due in no small part to the fact that Hitler's anti-Jewish policies were not tolerated.
		Besides enormous war reparations, one of the conditions of the treaty was that Finland expel all German troops from the country.
	www.ww2wings.com /wings/finland/finlandmain.shtml (2364 words)

	World War II Online HQ
		Many people don't know what was the Winter War, Continuation War or the War of Lapland in Finland or don't know their significance.
		After the Winter War, in Finland it was sure that the world war was not over yet and that Finland had to choose their side.
		When the Continuation War started and Finland attacked Russia in the summer of 1941, the goals were to take over all the areas what was lost in the Winter War and surround Leningrad with the Germans.
	www.hq.wwiionline.com /articles/finland.shtml (493 words)

	Lapland War - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		(After the war the Allies convicted Rendulic of war crimes, and they sentenced him to 20 years in prison.) The last German troops were expelled in April 1945.
		Pictures from Wars during Finland´s independence:The War of Lapland (http://www.sodatkuvina.cjb.net/LapinsotaMain.htm) (maps, photos from front, songs and radio speeches)ang:Laplandes Gúþ
		Categories: World War II Eastern European Theatre
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Lapland_War (510 words)

	Barentsinfo : Ulapland.fi/Kotisivut/Barents portal/Barents region/History/History - Links
		Lapland War - the hostilities between Finland and Germany between September 1944 and April 1945.
		Trails of war along the Barents Road - slide show and a guidebook the second world war in the Barents region, by Barents Road and Lars Gyllenhaal.
		World War II in the Arctic - arcticwar.com is the site that helps you explore the circumpolar area of Europe in search of WWII history.
	www.barentsinfo.org /?deptid=14296 (436 words)

	FINNISH ARMY 1918 - 1945: LANDMINES PART I
		The first war in which landmines in modern meaning of the term were used was Civil War of United States fought in 1860's.
		During World War 1 landmines were used, but especially in western front they had little importance in bogged situation resulting from maze of trenches, barbwire and machineguns.
		Most of the war years (1939 - 1942) the mix contained 60% TNT and 40% ammonium nitrate, but in 1943 the mix was changed to 53% TNT and 47% ammonium nitrate.
	www.jaegerplatoon.net /landmines1.htm (5079 words)

	Finnish War Helmets:
		Before the Continuation War the helmets were for the most part of Finnish, Russian, French, Austrian, or German origin.
		It also seems that numbers of these were scrapped or destroyed in the post war years, as I know of one large militaria dealer that personally witnessed Finnish helmets being crushed up for use as filler for roadwork in the 1980's.
		It is possible this is a Winter War vet or could have served in the Continuation or Lapland War.
	www.mosinnagant.net /finland/Finn-Helmets.asp (4556 words)

	Historia \| History
		Summarizes the Winter War, Continuation War, and Lapland War, and provides other information about the Finnish military, including the Finnish Air Force during WWII.
		Detailed documentation of the Winter War, with history, tactics, weapons, battles, etc. There are few photographs, but that's more than made up for by the maps showing progress of the war.
		A documentary account of the Winter War from the Soviet invasion on November 30, 1939 to the "harsh peace" that concluded the war on March 14, 1940.
	www.henkimaa.nu /finndex/historia (489 words)

	in and out of Helsinki - Finnish and German history during the 20th century - from supporting the national movement to ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		During World War One German troops went into Russia, which was weakened after the the revolution and the take-over of power by the communists.
		But immediately after gaining independence the Finnish Civil War broke loose, in which the socialist/communist Red Guards fought for several months in the beginning of 1918 against the conservative White Guards, which were lead by Marshall Mannerheim.
		There were cruetlies done on both sides, but it seems to me that the White Guards organized their way of fighting in a dramatic way, by establishing camps in which mass executions of the red enemies became daily business (see here).
	blog.fragmentspuren.de /index.php?entry=entry060612-210515 (4525 words)

	Arktikum
		The Lapland War (1944-1945) was waged as determined by the ceasefire agreement with the Russians: the Germans were to be driven out of the country.
		However, there was no great desire to fight against the former comrades-in-arms and no one wanted to be the last victim of the war.
		The withdrawal schedule dictated the pace of the war, and it held right to the end.
	www.arktikum.fi /main.php?l=2 (303 words)

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