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Topic: Lar Gibbon

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	ScienceDaily: Lar Gibbon
		The Lar Gibbon (Hylobates lar), also known as the White-handed Gibbon, is a primate in the Hylobatidae or gibbon family.
		Lar Gibbon -- The Lar Gibbon (Hylobates lar), also known as the White-handed Gibbon, is a primate in the Hylobatidae or gibbon family.
		Gibbon -- Gibbons are the small apes that are grouped in the family Hylobatidae.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/Lar_Gibbon (1447 words)

	White-handed Gibbon (Hylobates lar)
		White-handed gibbons have long, slender arms and the upper part of their hands and feet is always white.
		Young white-handed gibbons are born hairless and must rely on their mothers for warmth.
		Young gibbons will stay with their parents until they are past adolescence and are chased off by their parents.
	www.thebigzoo.com /Animals/White-handed_Gibbon.asp (318 words)

	Hylobates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hylobates agilis unko, the lowland agile gibbon, is highly threatened and indigenous to eastern Sumatra and the northern peninsula of Malaysia.
		Kloss' gibbon populations are all classified into one species, but there are some variations in hair length, the direction of hair grown on the outer side of the forearm, and body size on different islands (Groves, 1972, 1984).
		Hylobates lar, white-handed gibbon, are native to the forests of Myanmar, Thailand, Yunnan, Malaysia and Sumatra.
	www.gibboncenter.org /hylobates.htm (1276 words)

	Monkeyland Primate Sanctuary Plettenberg Bay Garden Route Adventures South Africa
		Gibbons are also able to plans their jumps as much as four jumps ahead.
		Gibbons are upper canopy dwellers that spend less than 1% of their time on the ground.
		Gibbons are considered to be monogamous by nature and are more often than not found in small family groups no larger than five.
	www.monkeyland.co.za /whitehandedgibbon_hylobateslar.htm (609 words)

	Primate of the Week - White-handed or Lar Gibbon
		Gibbons are restricted to tropical evergreen and less seasonal parts of semievergreen rain forests in Asia.
		Gibbons are invaribly monogamous and territorial, and defend their territories through regular loud morning songs and occasional encounters with neighbors and intruders.
		Gibbon densities may decline minimally and temporarily where few trees are extracted from a forest (Johns 1981), but in most timber operations, logging is intensive and appears to increase forest destruction caused by agricultural encroachment, flooding, wind starms, and forest fires.
	homepage.mac.com /wildlifeweb/primate/PrimateWeek/Hlar (1028 words)

	Asian Rainforest: White-Handed Gibbon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Unlike the great apes, the gibbons are a diversified array of species showing variations on the adaptive theme of a rapid hand-over-hand locomotion perfected for feeding on buds, leaves, and fruits out at the ends of branches.
		In 1987, the IUCN estimated that there were 79,000 lar gibbons but to protect the more endangered species, all are listed as endangered by the USDI (1980) and are on appendix 1 of the CITES, prohibiting commercial trade in gibbons.
		Fossil evidence suggests that the gibbons diverged from the great apes prior to the separation of great apes and humans Gibbon-like remains are known from the Oligocene and Miocene of Africa, the Miocene of Europe, and the upper Pliocene and Pleistocene of Asia.
	www.oaklandzoo.org /atoz/azgibbon.html (789 words)

	Gibbon and Siamang Information
		Gibbons are small apes that are traditionally grouped in the genus Hylobates, and they are further divided into four subgenera based on their diploid chromosome number: Hylobates (44), Bunopithecus (38), Nomascus (52), and Symphalangus (50).
		The Gibbons are also called lesser apes, and differ from great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans and humans) in being smaller, generally monogamous, in not making nests, and in certain anatomical details in which they more closely resemble monkeys than the great apes do.
		Gibbons are masters of their primary mode of locomotion, brachiation, allowing them to swing from branch to branch distances of up to 50 feet, at speeds as much as 35 mph.
	www.junglewalk.com /info/gibbon-information.htm (483 words)

	All About Gibbons - EnchantedLearning.com
		Gibbons are covered with light-colored to very dark brown (or fl) dense hair on most of their body (except their face, fingers, palms, armpits, and bottoms of their feet).
		Gibbons drink water, often by dipping a furry hand into the water or rubbing a hand on wet leaves, and then slurping up the water from their fur.
		Gibbons can also leap acrobatically across large gaps in the tree canopy from tree branch to tree branch; gibbons have been known to leap over 30 feet (9 m) in a single jump.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/apes/gibbon (1114 words)

	Gibbon Taxonomy to be Utilized by Breeding Facilities
		Two of the purposes for breeding gibbons in captivity are to retain species and subspecies diversity and to create a viable gene pool, with the ultimate goal of releasing offspring into protected native habitat.
		Accurate identification of an individual gibbon's species may be complicated within some gibbon species by 1) the variety of coat colors, 2) the existence of different colors for the two sexes, 3) the occurrence of coat color changes at sexual maturity, and in all species by 4) the impact of malnutrition and housing (e.g.
		For this paper, gibbons' specific and subspecific status was determined through the comparison of study skins housed in North American and Southeast Asian museums and live specimens housed at the International Center for Gibbons Studies and zoos.
	www.seaza.org /scientific_papers/gibbon_taxonomy_to_be_utilized_b.htm (1328 words)

	White-handed Gibbon (Hylobates lar)
		The average body mass for an adult male white-handed gibbon is around 5.7 kilograms, and for the female it is around 5.3 kilograms.
		The white-handed gibbon is found in the countries of Burma, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand.
		The white-handed gibbon is a true brachiator which means it moves by suspensory behavior (Fleagle, 1988).
	members.tripod.com /uakari/hylobates_lar.html (473 words)

	The Gibbon Network: Video and tv-documentaries on gibbons (Hylobatidae) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		During the gibbon section, the narrator explains that male lar gibbons have fl fur and females are blonde.
		Gibbons never occurred in the Mekong delta, and the gibbon footage was shot of captive gibbons at the Cuc Phuong Primate Rescue Station.
		Gibbon call soundtrack not always synchronous with the footage, and some "gibbon" calls heard in the documentary (especially those of the infant gibbon) do not appear to be real gibbon calls.
	www.gibbons.de /main2/07documentaries.html (3738 words)

	Pueblo Zoo White-Handed Gibbon
		White-handed or lar gibbons live in the rain forests of Indo-China and Thailand, west of the Mekong River, in the rainforests of Tenasserim, on the Malay Peninsula and in the rainforests of Sumatra..
		The lar gibbon is a small tailless ape with very dense, silky, shaggy fur varying in color from fl or dark brown to pale fawn or silver grey.
		Gibbons are hunted by leopards, clouded leopards, and man. Thanks to their keen senses, agility, and adaptability, man's progressive settling of their habitat has not caused them as much damage as is experienced by the great apes, but the White-handed gibbon is listed as endangered.
	www.pueblozoo.org /archives/oct01/feature.htm (687 words)

	White-handed Gibbon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gibbons is a slender animal with a small, round head and soft, woolly fur.
		The gibbon's most notable characteristic is its long arms, by which it swings from tree to tree with great agility, using its hands as hooks rather than grasping the limbs.
		Gibbons are monogamous; the young, born singly, remain with the family group until they are five or six years old.
	www.hensonrobinsonzoo.org /x001.html (234 words)

	Apes & Monkeys
		Primate Gallery's Primate of the Week Whitehanded or Lar Gibbon note 1of 2 For ET Gibbons are the smallest of the apes.
		Social Organization: Gibbons are invaribly monogamous and territorial, and defend their territories through regular loud morning songs and occasional encounters with neighbors and intruders.
		Gibbon densities may decline minimally and temporarily where few trees are extracted from a forest, but in most timber operations, logging is intensive and appears to increase forest destruction caused by agricultural encroachment, flooding, wind starms, and forest fires.
	www.monkeymaddness.com /apes_monkeys/bbm18.htm (893 words)

	Thomas Geissmann's Gibbon Research Lab.: An introduction to systematics, classification, taxonomy and distribution of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A study of wild and captive gibbons and museum specimens, and a survey of the literature, suggests that gibbons (genus Hylobates) include 12 species, which form four distinct groups (genera Hylobates, Hoolock, Nomascus, and Symphalangus): these are the 44-chromosome gibbons (including the Hylobates lar group and H.
		A key for the identification of adult gibbons based on visual characteristics is presented, together with distribution maps of all recognised species (12).
		In many cases, the owners did not know that their "Javan gibbons," "lar gibbons" or "hoolocks" were, in reality, mixed pairs or hybrid offspring of such pairs.
	gibbons.de /main/system/intro.html (812 words)

	White-handed Gibbon (Hylobates lar) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The white-handed gibbon has the characteristic white ring around its face.
		The color of the one in the picture (Indianapolis zoo) is reddish-brownish, but other gibbons of the same species appear fl, and their color does not depend on whether they are male or female.
		Gibbons are sometimes called lesser apes, being closer phylogenetically to the great apes, but smaller in size.
	www.cogsci.indiana.edu /farg/harry/bio/zoo/gibbnlar.htm (62 words)

	Zoo de Magnetic Hill Zoo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The gibbon is a slender animal with a small, round head and soft, woolly fur.
		The gibbon is the only anthropoid ape to walk on its hind limbs only, usually raising its arms for balance.
		The White-handed Gibbon, or Lar, (Hylobates lar), of the Malay Peninsula, is distinguished by its white hands and feet and its musical howl.
	www.moncton.org /search/french/CITYHALL/citydepartments/zoo/fgibbon.htm (261 words)

	Comparative Mammalian Brain Collections: Gibbon (Hylobates lar)
		In most gibbons, reproductive maturity is reached around 8 years of age.
		Although they are probably completely capable of caring for themselves at an earlier age, young gibbons do not leave their family group until they reach sexual maturity.
		Although the bulk of parental care, including nursing and grooming, is the responsibility of the mother, the father and older siblings also help out.
	brainmuseum.org /Specimens/primates/gibbon (300 words)

	Rainforest Live: Lar gibbons
		Lar gibbons live in the tropical rainforests in South East Asia.
		The daily singsong between the gibbons is thought to play an important part in holding the family together, as well as defending the area in which it lives.
		Lar gibbons eat fruit, leaves, small vertebrates, occasionally birds caught in flight and bird eggs.
	www.rainforestlive.org.uk /index.cfm?Articleid=500 (137 words)

	Yi Min, Brown Lar Gibbon by Wild Republic
		Gibbons are the cleanest and gentlest of the apes.
		This silky soft plush brown and white gibbon is 17" from head to foot, and stretches to a full 2' while hanging.
		This gibbon is surface washable and is appropriate for ages 3 and up.
	www.tableandhome.com /prodheaid (213 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gibbons and Siamang live in the canopy and rarely descend to the ground.
		All gibbons and siamang are monogamous, and their social group is based on a mated pair and their offspring, averaging 3-4 members.
		Many gibbon species have babies which are almost white as newborns and take on adult colours only at 2-4 years, usually the females changing colour.
	www.szgdocent.org /resource/pp/p-gibbon.htm (1542 words)

	Javan Silvery Gibbon (Hylobates moloch)
		When reviewing the literature on gibbons, it is found that a variety of different names have been used for the Javan gibbon and, moreover, that some of these names have been applied also to other gibbon types.
		GROVES, C.P.: Systematics and phylogeny of gibbons; in RUMBAUGH Gibbon and siamang, vol.1, pp.
		POCOCK, R.I.: The gibbons of the genus Hylobates.
	www.markuskappeler.ch /gib/gibs/taxonomy.html (1070 words)

	Gibbon Enrichment
		White-handed gibbons brachiate, or swing by the arms, from branch to branch horizontally and vertically.
		The gibbons’ behaviours were studied in their basic exhibit structure and compared to those of their wild counterparts.
		As the hanging rope became exposed, there was increased interest in the block with the gibbons using the rope to manipulate the block to work out the choicest fruit pieces and using the rope for play and acrobatics.
	www.torontozoo.com /meet_animals/enrichment/gibbon_enrichment.htm (2012 words)

	AllRefer.com - gibbon Information
		They eat mainly fruit and move with great agility through the trees by swinging from branch to branch suspended by their long arms – this is known as brachiation.
		lar) is about 60 cm/2 ft tall, with a body that is hairy except for the buttocks, which distinguishes it from other types of apes.
		Gibbons are found from Assam through the Malay peninsula to Borneo, but are becoming rare, with certain species classified as endangered.
	www.allrefer.com /gibbon (295 words)

	Gibbon
		Their natural habitat is in the trees, where they can swing from limb to limb with remarkable speed.
		Gibbons live in small family units, and claim a certain area of the forest as their territory.
		Each morning, before their daily search for fruits, leaves, and buds, and the occasional insect or young bird, they warn intruders of their presence by making ear-splitting shrieks that can be heard over long distances.
	www.nature.ca /notebooks/english/gibbon.htm (141 words)

	Gibbon Center Home (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		GCC is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit facility established by Alan Richard Mootnick in 1976 for the study, propagation, conservation and betterment of the highly endangered small ape, the gibbon, and for the education of the public about the plight of this fascinating primate.
		Most importantly, the safety and health of the gibbons during the move must be carefully planned for and assured.
		Gibbon Conservation Center is to prevent the extinction of this small SE Asian ape, and to advance its study, propagation and conservation by establishing secure captive gene pools in case attempts to preserve species or subspecies in the wild fail.
	www.gibboncenter.org.cob-web.org:8888 (975 words)

	Trotters World :: Brian The Lar Gibbon
		Gibbons move using brachiation to swing through the trees, allowing them to move much faster overhead than a man could on the forest floor.
		All species of Gibbon are endangered due to deforestation and the trade in bush meat.
		Lar Gibbons are strictly monogamous and form a tight family unit as opposed to a troop.
	www.trottersworld.com /lar_gibbon.html (192 words)

	White-handed Gibbon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Already the first gibbon study on a wild lar population by a pioneer primatologist, Charles Ray Carpenter (1940), became the classical model of our understanding of hylobatid social organization.
		Carpenter’s findings of gibbon monogamy were confirmed and extended by Ellefson’s (1974) more intensive field work on the same species.
		For more than five decades a simple, static picture of gibbon monogamy dominated our understanding of these Asian apes’ social lives, but views of mandatory nuclear families and sociosexually monogamous pairs are changing since extra-pair copulations (EPCs) and partner changes have been observed in wild populations (e.g.
	www.eva.mpg.de /primat/files/gibbons3.htm (412 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Lar gibbons live in small family groups of a male, female and several youngsters.
		The daily sing-song between gibbons is thought to play an important part in holding the family together, as well as defending the area in which it lives.
		There are rehabilitation sanctuaries within Thailand for the lar gibbon.
	www.paigntonzoo.org.uk /animals/detail.asp?id=197 (133 words)

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