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Topic: Laramide orogeny

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	Orogeny
		Orogeny is a geologic term associated with periods of mountain building.
		Someplace under the orogenic belt will be a subduction zone that promoted the collision by consuming crust and dragging the material on one side of the collision into contact with that on the other.
		The Applachian orogeny[?] of North America is a well studied orogenic belt resulting from a late paleozoic collision between North America and Africa.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/or/Orogeny.html (229 words)

	Orogeny Summary
		Orogeny (Greek for "mountain generating") is the process of mountain building, and may be studied as a tectonic structural event, as a geographical event and a chronological event, in that orogenic events cause distinctive structural phenomena and related tectonic activity, affect certain regions of rocks and crust and happen within a time frame.
		Orogenic events occur solely as a result of the processes of plate tectonics; the problems which were investigated and resolved by the study of orogenesis contributed greatly to the theory of plate tectonics, coupled with study of flora and fauna, geography and mid ocean ridges in the 1950s and 1960s.
		It was, in the context of orogeny, contested hotly by proponents of vertical movements in the crust (similar to tephrotectonics), or convection within the asthenosphere or mantle (geology).
	www.bookrags.com /Orogeny (1998 words)

	Laramide orogeny - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The exact duration and ages of beginning and end of the orogeny are in dispute, as is the cause.
		The orogeny is commonly attributed to events off the west coast of North America, where the Farallon Plate was sliding under the North American plate.
		Compare the earlier Sevier orogeny and the still-earlier Nevadan orogeny of the late Jurassic — early Cretaceous.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Laramide_orogeny (392 words)

	Laramide orogeny
		The Laramide orogeny was a 30 million year period of mountain building[?] in western North America that started in the Late Cretaceous 70 million years ago and ended in the Late Paleogene 40 million years ago.
		The major feature that was created by this orogeny was the Rocky Mountains.
		This period started when the angle of subduction occurring off the west coast of North America became so shallow that no volcanics occurred in the central west and the underlying oceanic lithosphere actually caused drag on the root of the overlying continental lithosphere.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/la/Laramide_orogeny.html (225 words)

	Sevier Thrust System - Utah Geological Survey
		The Sevier orogeny is often confused with the Laramide orogeny, even by geologists, because they overlap in time and location.
		The Laramide orogeny developed in the Late Cretaceous and continued into the Oligocene epoch, mostly synchronous with late stages of the Sevier orogeny.
		The two orogenies were produced by the same crustal shortening event, collision of the Farallon and North American plates, but they are distinguished by style of deformation.
	www.ugs.state.ut.us /utahgeo/geo/thrustfault5.htm (275 words)

	Cenozoic History of Arizona
		By 50 million years ago, the Laramide Orogeny ended and for the next 15 to 20 million years during a tectonically inactive period the Mogollon Highlands continued to erode.
		Extension during the Mid-Tertiary orogeny was accompanied by the formation of metamorphic core complexes.
		As the orogeny continued, the Mogollon Highlands were extended and structurally lowered and the Colorado Plateau began to gain elevation.
	web1.shastacollege.edu /geoscience/histories/Az/Cenozoic/cz_histAz.html (1416 words)

	[No title]
		~Nevadan The Nevadan Orogeny is characterized by granite intrusions.
		~Sevier The Sevier Orogeny is characterized by overthrust faults.
		~Nevadan The Nevadan Orogeny occurred in the Jurassic and is the oldest of the group.
	www.usd.edu /exam/backup/hist2.txt (1754 words)

	Laramide orogeny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Clastic wedges that were derived from Laramide uplifts in the Cordilleran Geosyncline were shed eastward into parts of Wyoming and Utah.
		The Laramide orogeny originally was believed to mark the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary.
		It is now considered to have been a polyphase orogeny consisting of many disparate pulses of deformation that varied in intensity and age from place to place in western North America.
	tlacaelel.igeofcu.unam.mx /~GeoD/colision/figs/orogeny/laramide.html (137 words)

	Laramide tectonics
		The Laramide orogeny is the mountain-building event that produced the Rocky Mountains.
		We have been studying Laramide structures in both the northern and southern Rockies: the Sierra Nacimiento and adjacent San Juan Basin in New Mexico and the Beartooth Mountains in Montana.
		The Sierra Nacimiento is a Laramide fault-block mountain range that is bordered by the San Juan Basin, a part of the Colorado Plateau.
	www.unc.edu /~kgstewar/web_pages/laramide.html (227 words)

	Colorado Geology Overview
		The highest Laramide uplift, the Sawatch Range, stands on the west shoulder of the Rio Grande rift, the narrow north-south gash between the two largest snow packs near the center of the photo.
		During the Laramide, two surviving rift basins filled with Precambrian sediments (now the Uinta and Uncompahgre formations) were squeezed and inverted to form the Uinta uplift and the southern (San Juan) portion of the Uncompahgre uplift as well.
		From 1.4 Ga to the Laramide, a deep, 160 km-long west-trending rift of Berthoud Orogeny ancestry in western Utah and adjoining northwest Colorado sheltered nearly 7.3 km (24,000') of terrigenous sediments washed into it from surrounding highlands.
	www.cliffshade.com /colorado/geo_overview.htm (10393 words)

	Laramide/Yellowstone
		The Laramide orogeny refers to a phase of mountain building that affected parts of Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and lesser areas of nearby states (see the shaded area in the figure below).
		Although the reason for this is still debated, independent evidence for dramatic shifts in the location of volcanic activity during the Laramide age (see the previous lecture) suggests that the Farallon plate was subducting at an extremely shallow angle beneath the western U.S. from 70-40 Ma.
		Much of the uplift in the Bob occurred during the Laramide orogeny, when rocks west of the park were thrust tens of miles eastward along the Lewis Overthrust to form mountain ranges now within the park boundaries.
	www.geology.wisc.edu /courses/g112/laramide_f.html (1404 words)

	Mesozoic History of Arizona
		The Laramide is primarily responsible for the construction of the eastern half of the Rocky Mountains during a phase of orogensis that began about 80 Ma and ended around 50 MA.
		Thrusting and folding associated with Laramide deformation is recognized throughout the central part of the state in response to intense compression that was directed toward the northeast.
		The Sevier Orogeny constructed an impressive magmatic arc along the west coast of the United States, the remains of which are now exposed in the Sierra Nevada Batholith.
	web1.shastacollege.edu /geoscience/histories/Az/Mesozoic/mz_histAz.html (2327 words)

	PNW Focus Page 8
		The Sevier orogeny is distinguished on the basis of fold and thrust structures that affected the upper continental crust throughout the Rocky Mountain region.
		The Laramide orogeny is generally said to have taken place from the Cretaceous period up until the Eocene epoch, so it overlaps in time with the Sevier orogeny.
		The Laramide Orogeny is characterized by uplift of mountain ranges along steep faults from deep in the crust.
	www.wenval.cc /rdawes/focuspages/PNWorogenies.html (962 words)

	Locating the Laramide Flat Slab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		For instance, the Laramide Orogeny occurs on the order of 1000km away from the point of subduction, while more normal subduction zones today cause deformation much closer to the subduction zone.
		The shallow slab is also thought to couple with the lower crust of the overridding plate and induce a basal traction which would aid deformation further away from the subduction zone.
		When hypothesizing about the flat slab subduction in the Laramide, scientists have disagreed about the possible extents of the flat slab zone; estimates have varied from the entire western U.S. to very localized areas.
	www.colorado.edu /GeolSci/Resources/WUSTectonics/LaramideFlatSlab (255 words)

	Formation of the Rockies III: A kinematic model based on geologic data
		The Laramide orogeny occurred during 75-35 Ma, with peak Colorado Plateau velocities of 1.5 mm yr
		Probably the shortening direction was controlled by slip partitioning and slumping of the cordillera before 75 Ma (early Sevier orogeny), but then controlled by coupling to one or both subducted oceanic plates during 75-35 Ma (Laramide orogeny).
		The last stage of the Laramide orogeny, around 40 Ma, was driven by horizontal subduction of the Farallon slab in the southwestern USA and northwest Mexico.
	element.ess.ucla.edu /publications/1998_Laramide/1998_Laramide.htm (689 words)

	Geotimes - August 2003 - Making Mountains from a Molehill
		This ushered in a new era of subduction tectonics in the region commonly referred to as that of the Laramide Slab.
		The skyline ridge in the center background is currently being investigated as a lower plate remnant of the breakaway zone for the unloading of upper crustal fragments that were shed off the southern Sierra Nevada during the Laramide orogeny.
		He based those studies on samples from Miocene volcanic eruptions, which had formed since the time of the Laramide orogeny, bringing fragments of the lithosphere, in the form of xenoliths, to the surface.
	www.geotimes.org /aug03/NN_slab.html (908 words)

	Geologic history of the northern Sierra Nevada
		In the vicinity of Oroville, exposures of the Monte de Oro Formation of Jurassic age yield the compressed leaf remains of a diverse flora consisting of ancient ginkgophytes, ferns, cycads, and cycadeoids (bennettialeans).
		Cretaceous epicontinenal seas were terminated by extreme uplift and compression of the Far West by the monumental Laramide Orogeny of late Cretaceous to middle Eocene age.
		The Laramide Orogeny is thought to be a response to the subduction of warm and buoyant ocean floor produced during the Cretaceous spreading rate increase.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /science/profiles/erwin_0609geology.php (2090 words)

	Geology of the Solitario, Trans-Pecos Texas
		The effects of three orogenies can be found in the rock record: the Llanorian in Silurian; the Ouachita in Pennsylvanian-Permian; and the Laramide in early Tertiary.
		Transport of the allochton during the Ouachita Orogeny was at least tens of kilometers from the southeast.
		After the Ouachita Orogeny, the Solitario area remained positive from Early Permian (middle Wolfcampian) on the structural block known as the Tascotal Uplift that formed the southern margin of the Permian sea.
	corry.ws /CorryBook-9.htm (1641 words)

	TI: Kinematic history of the Laramide Orogeny in latitudes 35 degrees -49 degrees N, Western United States
		Coney, P.., Plate tectonics and the Laramide Orogeny.
		Henderson, L. Gordon, R. Engebretson, D. Mesozoic aseismic ridges on the Farallon Plate and southward migration of shallow subduction during the Laramide Orogeny.
		Sengor A. Was the Laramide Orogeny related to subduction of an oceanic plateau?
	www.geo.arizona.edu /geo5xx/geo527/Rockies/refs.html (357 words)

	Comps Introduction
		The major tectonic event that has affected this area was the Laramide orogeny (Cretaceous through the early Eocene, 80-50 Ma) (Bown, 1982).
		As the Laramide orogeny stopped uplifting in the early middle Eocene (~50 Ma), Absaroka volcanism started to the northwest of the study area and continued towards the southeast (Bown, 1982).
		This, combined with the Laramide orogenic episode, places the age of the Crandall between the start of the Paleocene and the end of the early Eocene (or 66 to 50 Ma).
	www.geo.arizona.edu /~anderson/research/comps/introduction.html (653 words)

	Paleogeography
		This park is home to the Fairweather Mountains, which formed during the Laramide Orogeny, as well as many glaciers.
		Details about the different rock types and their formation, mountain building through plate tectonics and the Laramide Orogeny, formation of valleys and canyons, volcanism in the area, and erosion by glaciers are all covered.
		The existence in the Paleozoic era of the supercontinent Gondwanaland, the continents Laurentia and Baltica, and smaller continental masses are explained as well as the later collisions which created mountains by folding of the Earth's crust, (orogenies) such as the Acadian, Appalachian, Urals, and Laramide orogenies.
	serc.carleton.edu /research_education/cretaceous/paleogeography.html (2963 words)

	Big Bend National Park
		This orogeny is associated with a period when the ancient South American Plate collided with North America, about 280 to 260 million years ago.
		After the climax of the orogeny, the mountain system gradually eroded away, and after many millions of years the Big Bend region was eventually buried by marine sediments during the Permian Period and again later in the Mesozoic Era.
		Deformation from Laramide Orogeny was not as intense as other regions in the Rocky Mountains.
	3dparks.wr.usgs.gov /bigbend/html2/geologic.htm (1681 words)

	Historical Wyoming Tidbits - Geology
		The Laramide Orogeny occurred about the same time that the North American plate moved west to accommodate the growth of the Atlantic Ocean plate, and collided with the Pacific Ocean plate, crumpling the continent’s western edge much like a car's hood might crumple when it hits a wall.
		In Wyoming, the orogeny began relatively slowly at the end of the Mesozoic, with the raising of the Wind River, Granite, and Medicine Bow ranges into high gentle arches like gigantic loaves of French bread.
		n the end, the mountainous landscapes of the Laramide Orogeny were virtually gone, buried under thousands of feet of lava and ash.
	www.wyomingbnb-ranchrec.com /History.Geologic.html (1209 words)

	Hannold Hill Formation
		The early Tertiary strata in this region accumulated during the Laramide Orogeny in the Tornillo Basin (Lehman, 1991).
		Sediments of the Hannold Hill Formation were derived from foreland uplifts exposed during the Laramide Orogeny.
		Channel lag gravels and sandstones were derived primarily from erosion of Cretaceous limestones and shales exposed to the west and northwest of the Tornillo Basin.
	home.att.net /~hannoldhill/home.htm (861 words)

	City of Colorado Springs - Topic Pages
		Laramide Orogeny, or How the Rocks Were Tilted Upward...
		This faulting is a result of stress in the strata (layers) during the Laramide Orogeny.
		Therefore, the initial tilting of the rocks was because of orogeny.
	www.springsgov.com /Page.asp?NavID=994 (1548 words)

	Tertiary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The collision of plates resulted in orogeny that uplifted the Himalayas and is still continuing today.
		The Laramide Orogeny occurred during this period, resulting in volcanism and mountains from eastern Washington state through Nevada, Utah, and Colorado.
		The Laramide Orogeny was experienced locally as gentle uplift that caused the retreat of the Cretaceous Sea (Pierre Seaway).
	www.caveofthewinds.com /tertiary.html (535 words)

	Friends of Saguaro National Park - About Saguaro National Park: Geologic Provinces of the Southwest Region (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		During the Laramide orogeny, the Transition Zone was uplifted to higher elevations than the Colorado Plateau.
		The modern Rocky Mountains were created during the Laramide orogeny, between 70 and 50 million years ago (Late Cretaceous to middle Eocene).
		The Laramide orogeny is unique (and puzzling) in that it extended much further from the plate margin than previous western North American orogeny.
	www.friendsofsaguaro.org /geoprovs.html (702 words)

	Carl Weese, Photographer, platinum and silver prints, photography workshops, large format, badlands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The rivers flowed eastward from western Wyoming and Montana, bearing volcanic sediments from the Laramide Orogeny (mountain building event), which began toward the end of the Cretaceous period (approximately 65 million years ago) and continued into the later part of the Paleogene (approximately 25-30 million years ago).
		The Laramide Orogeny resulted in a regional topographic uplift to the west, and provided an abundance of sediments to adjacent basins.
		Because of their distance from the Laramide mountains, these strata are thinner than those in the basins closest to the mountains (farther west), were deposited in calmer depositional regimes (rivers flowed slower and sometimes, as flow slowed down, lakes formed), and hosted a variety of fauna.
	www.carlweese.com /badlandsthumbs.html (415 words)

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