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Topic: Large blue butterfly

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	National Trust \| Nature \| Wildlife \| Butterflies & moths \| The Large Blue
		Large Blue butterflies can be ranked amongst the most vulnerable species in the world.
		In Europe, the Large Blue still occurs in 37 countries but it has declined by some 50-80 percent in recent decades overall and is deemed stable in only seven countries.This decline is particularly severe in Northern Europe.
		The female Large Blue lays her eggs in the buds of thyme that are in the tight bud stage.
	www.nationaltrust.org.uk /main/w-chl/w-countryside_environment/w-nature/w-nature-wildlife/w-nature-wildlife-butterflies_moths/w-nature-wildlife-butterflies_moths-large_blue.htm (1528 words)

	Butterfly
		Alpine butterfly bend The butterfly bend is a type of alpine butterfly knot in that it is the butterfly loop with the lo...
		Butterfly knife The butterfly knife is a form of folding pocket knife with two handles that counter-rotate around the ta...
		Butterfly weed A. tuberosa interior A. tuberosa folfsii A. tuberosa tuberosa Reference: [1] as of 2003-01-07 Butterfly w...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/butterfly.html (520 words)

	Metapopulation Ecology and Extinction
		Maculina arion (the Large Blue Butterfly) is, in its larva stage, an obligate parasite in ant colonies (the ant is Myrmica spp.).
		In the case of the Blue Butterfly, food availability, in terms of the ant colonies which the butterfly larva parasitized, was the limiting factor in the environment.
		Further, the butterfly density was greatest in the clear cuts and then decreased, from a high point on outcrops adjacent to clear cuts, as one moved away from the clear cuts across the outcrops.
	faculty.plattsburgh.edu /thomas.wolosz/metapop.htm (2587 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Lost UK butterfly thriving again
		The large blue butterfly, which went extinct in the UK in 1979, is making a dramatic comeback after the species was reintroduced by conservationists.
		Large blues from Sweden were used to rebuild the UK population in 1983.
		The large blues now living in the UK were taken from a population native to the island of Oland in Sweden.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/3568321.stm (600 words)

	Large
		Large emerald moth The large emeral moth, Geometra papilionaria is the type specimen geometer moth.
		Large Hadron Collider The Large Hadron Collider (short LHC) is a CMS are large, "general purpose" particle detectors.
		Large liquid mirror telescopes A Large liquid mirror telescope or (Large LMT) is a technology being pursued by UBC.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/large.html (746 words)

	EndangeredInsectarticle
		The Xerces blue butterfly (Glaucopsyche xerces), was the first butterfly in North America known to become extinct as a result of human interference.
		It estimates that 43% of stoneflies, 19% of tiger beetles and butterflies, and 17% of dragonflies and damselflies are critically imperiled or imperiled in the U.S. In addition, according to the IUNC Red Book of Swallowtails, 10% of swallowtail butterflies are considered threatened.
		For example, larvae of the large blue butterfly (Maculinea arion) are obligate parasites of red ant colonies (Myrmica sabuleti).
	www.xerces.org /articles/encyclopediaarticle.htm (3847 words)

	Large Ant-blue Butterfly, Acrodipsas brisbanensis. No 70 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Typically, butterfly–ant associations are mutually beneficial and obligate, with the immature stages of the butterfly occurring within or close to the nests of ants.
		Female Large Ant-blues have been observed laying eggs near the nests of the Coconut Ant (Douglas and Braby 1992), and it is thought that at least part of the butterfly's larval stage is spent inside the nest.
		The alteration of ecological processes and patterns within and adjacent to remaining habitat for the Large Ant-blue is a threat to all remaining populations: in particular, changes to the land, such as vegetation clearance, modification of vegetation through weed invasion, or intensive land use and rural subdivision.
	www.nre.vic.gov.au /dse/nrenpa.nsf/FID/-D25CD1CB8B0460544A2567FC000BF780?OpenDocument (3704 words)

	Large blue butterflies
		Large blue butterflies belong to the genus Maculinea and are members of the large butterfly family Lycaenidae.
		Large blue butterflies have an unusual life cycle in which most of their larval life is spent as parasites inside ant nests.
		At the University of Aarhus we are investigating the populations of the Alcon Blue butterfly in Denmark using genetic techniques.
	www.zi.ku.dk /personal/drnash/atta/Pages/LargeBl.html (618 words)

	The Karner Blue Butterfly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The open, oak savanna ecosystem that the Karner blues inhabit here is among the most endangered habitat types on the planet; it is estimated that 99.98% of the thirty million acres of oak savanna that once existed in the Midwest is no longer oak savanna today, or is significantly degraded.
		Re colonization of isolated areas that have lost their Karner blue population is slowed by the butterflies inability to move great distances, and by their reluctance to disperse over barriers as commonplace as roads.
		By the regular periodic burning of areas suitable as habitat for the Karner blue butterfly, excessive shading of the area due to overgrowth of oak, sassafras, and aspen trees may be prevented, and the growth of wild lupine will be stimulated.
	www.savedunes.org /html/karnerblue.html (970 words)

	Collard Hill - The Large Blue Open Access Site
		The Large Blue was introduced to Collard Hill in 2000, with the specific aim of this being a site where people could visit to see this butterfly.
		In time, the Large Blue may well have colonised here naturally, from elsewhere in the Poldens.
		Collard Hill is almost certainly a former Large Blue site, probably one known by IRP Heslop in the early 1950s.
	www.butterfly-conservation.org /species/large_blue (196 words)

	Butterfly Identification Key
		All butterfly and moth caterpillars have a pair of...
		Butterfly Guardians for Wales is a Butterfly Conservation initiative to promote volunteer involvement in monitoring and safeguarding Welsh butterfly and moth populations by training anyone keen to be active in their local area.
		butterfly was found in just five woods in the West Country, and within the large woods at Blean, Kent.
	www.farqrecs.co.uk /punk/butterfly_identification_key.html (524 words)

	Invertebrates
		The Large Blue Butterfly is a beautiful butterfly that is the largest of all the butterflies in the blue butterfly family.
		They are: The Large Alcon Blue, the Large Blue Dusky, the Greater Large Blue, Rebel’s Large Blue and the Large Scarce Blue.
		Presently, in Europe, attempts are underway to reintroduce the Large Blue Butterfly to the wild.
	www.libweb.org /sls08/fish.htm (1277 words)

	Exploiting Myrmecophily, Blue Butterflies Fool Ants
		"Large blue butterflies were probably mutualists in the past, but having sneaked into ant societies they then attack the ants or take their food," he says.
		Larvae of Maculinea arion -- the species of large blue butterfly that was a British native -- eat the developing ants within the nest, while another species, M. rebeli, is fed by worker ants within the colony as if it were a young ant.
		The large blue M. arion became extinct in Britain in 1979 after early attempts to conserve it failed.
	unisci.com /stories/20011/0306016.htm (525 words)

	Between the Tides (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		As a source we used the metapopulations of both butterfly species near the village Kostrza in the valley of the river Wisla south of Krakow in Poland.
		The butterflies left the meadow where they were released and settled on the railway embankment crossing the nature reserve.
		Apparently, butterflies from a different biogeographical origin were translocated to a location outside their naturally colonized range.
	www.dow.wau.nl /TropEcol/publications/diss_Wynhoff.htm (2453 words)

	RARE LARGE BLUE
		The large blues are an interesting genus of African butterflies that have been found in the Thorntree Conservancy.
		This means the first two larval instars feed on the developing seed ovules of their foodplant and thereafter the later larval instars live in ant nests as ant-nest parasites feeding on the larvae and pupae of species of formicine ants generally belonging to the genus Camponotus.
		Another rare large blue found in the Thorntree Conservancy is Lepidochrysops procera (Trimen, 1893) its type locality is Estcourt, Natal and it flies in a few localities between there and Potchefstroom.The common name is the Potchefstroom blue.
	homepages.acenet.co.za /thorntreeconservancy/Butterfly.htm (938 words)

	Karner Blue Butterfly
		The Karner blue butterfly is a small butterfly with a wingspan of about one inch and the sexes are different in appearance.
		Savanna and barrens ecosystems are as imperiled as the butterfly.
		Karner blue butterflies are endangered primarily because the savanna and barrens ecosystems that they depend on for survival are also endangered.
	www.fws.gov /midwest/Endangered/insects/kbb/karnerbl.html (1964 words)

	Animal Antics
		The Large Blue Butterfly (Maculinea arion) is one of our afore-mentioned species which is accepted as a guest in the nests of ants.
		The Large Blue Butterfly was unfortunately declared extinct in Britain in the late 1970’s.
		A major factor in the extinction of the Large Blue was the removal of sheep from its habitats.
	home.freeuk.net /offwell/animal.htm (1358 words)

	ICI adopts butterflies at risk
		THE large blue butterfly and the pearl-bordered fritillary are the first beneficiaries of a scheme to find corporate sponsors for Britain's endangered species.
		The large blue, the largest and most spectacular of Britain's blue butterflies, was found mainly in Somerset, the Cotswolds, Dartmoor and the coastal valleys of Devon and Cornwall, but became extinct in Britain in 1979.
		But although the outline of its life cycle was known, attempts to save the large blue failed because it was not realised that the butterfly could survive in the nest of only one species of red ant.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1997/02/28/nbutt28.html (266 words)

	BLUE BUTTERFLY RANCH
		The "Blue Butterfly”, is a movie based on the true story of Georges Brossard, the founder of the Montreal Insectarium, and a 10-year-old boy, terminally ill with brain cancer.
		The butterfly is said to have magical curative powers.
		Blue Butterfly Ranch is a 7.4 acre parcel of land in the Province of Limon on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica 100 feet from the location where “Blue Butterfly” was filmed.
	www.geocities.com /bluebutterflyranch (653 words)

	Habitat Guide
		The large blue (Maculinia arion) is a butterfly often found on the European continent in large numbers where it is quite tolerant of different heights in vegetation.
		One of the principal reasons appeared to be the growth of rank grassland brought about by a decrease in grazing due to the reduction in livestock grazing and the demise of the rabbit population following myxomatosis in the 1950s.
		At the time the relationship between the butterfly and the red ant (Myrmica sabuleti) was not understood.
	www.english-nature.org.uk /livingwiththesea/project_details/good_practice_guide/HabitatCRR/ENRestore/Habitats/SeaCliffs/Management/LargeBlue.htm (386 words)

	Large Blue butterfly - reintroduction into North Cornwall
		Formerly widespread on the south-facing Atlantic coastal valley slopes of Cornwall and Devon, from the Camel Estuary to Clovelly, the large blue became extinct here in 1975, and in the UK (on Dartmoor) in 1979.
		The grass grew and, within a few years, the ant was much reduced along with the large blue.
		Butterfly numbers at this initial site have increased year on year, enabling reintroductions to take place at several former UK sites where suitable management regimes are in place to maintain short turf for the ant.
	www.cornwallwildlifetrust.org.uk /nature/inverteb/largeblue.htm (518 words)

	Large blue butterfly
		These fascinating butterflies have been declining in the UK and it is hoped that a population can be re-established at Slapton if an appropriate habitat can be created.
		The butterflies lay their eggs on the flowers of the thyme.
		Initially, the caterpillars feed on the flowers, but at a certain point in their development, they trick a certain species of ant into believing that they are ant larvae.
	www.paigntonzoo.org.uk /botanical/large-blue.php (179 words)

	Karner Blue Butterfly
		She is unmistakably dark to medium blue with orange markings on the topside at the outer edge of her wings.
		Two Butterflies that look similar to the Karner, but are not endangered are the Silvery Blue and the Spring Azure.
		If you are a private landowner and are interested in the conservation of the Karner Blue Butterfly you may want to know if they are present on your land.
	www.nweco.com /Karner_Blue.htm (667 words)

	Extinctions Could Have Domino Effect, Study Says (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Not long after the butterfly disappeared in Britain, scientists revealed that the insect's lifecycle was dependent on a single species of red ant, Myrmica sabuleti.
		Researchers discovered that on reaching a certain size, the caterpillar that becomes the large blue butterfly leaves its food plant and masquerades as a red ant larva.
		Scientists noted that the large blue's disappearance mirrored that of the host species in regions where both insects had previously been found.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2004/09/0909_040909_extinctions_2.html (733 words)

	2evolchp16
		Instantly —within 1 10th of a second— the loop cells swell and the loop clamps shut on the worm and it is captured and eaten by the mold.
		Since these butterflies seem evenly dispersed in northern regions they inhabit, it is thought that each butterfly may return north to the place it left in the fall.
		The second was twice as large as the first, and the third twice as large as the second.
	www.evolution-facts.org /Ev-V2/2evlch16.htm (14556 words)

	British Butterflies in Danger
		Those plants that survive to provide food for the butterfly larva or imago are classed as ‘weeds’ and sprayed with poisons which as often as not destroy both plant and butterfly.
		The many butterflies which once brightened the chalk downs of southern England, such as the adonis, chalk-hill blue and meadow brown, are also declining in numbers.
		It should be added that collection of butterflies has not helped the rarer species, and butterfly collectors today must restrict themselves to the commoner species, if they have any respect for their hobby.
	www.yptenc.org.uk /docs/factsheets/env_facts/butterflies_danger.html (1180 words)

	Butterfly Jewelry - Butterfly Pins - Swarovski Rhinestones
		Butterfly Jewelry - Butterfly Pins - Swarovski Rhinestones
		Our butterfly jewelry is made with all prong set rhinestones and is perfect gift!
		Our new rhinestone jewelry is made with high quality 100% SWAROVSKI (Austrian) rhinestones.
	jacksonjewels.com /Rhinestone_Jewelry_Store/Butterfly_Pins.htm (199 words)

	Royal Entomological Society - Latest News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		"The Large Blue butterfly Maculinea arion is famed for its beauty, its excessive rarity, and for an extraordinary lifestyle that involves feeding briefly as a caterpillar on the flowers of wild thyme before being carried underground into the nests of red Myrmica ants, where it feeds for 11 months on ant grubs.
		Detailed research by a RES Fellow eventually revealed that the butterfly depended on one rather uncommon species of red ant, which in turn required an unusual regime of grazing management to become sufficiently abundant to support the butterfly.
		The Chief Clerk subsequently wrote to the Registrar and informed him that: "Her Majesty was delighted with your choice of the Large Blue butterfly and much appreciates the workmanship involved in such a piece.
	www.royensoc.co.uk /news.html (1477 words)

	Blue butterfly - educational resources
		The Fender's blue butterfly is endemic to Willamette Valley prairies.
		The Karner blue butterfly and the Pine-oak barrens Ecosystem.
		Introduction The key to Karner blue butterfly survival is a plant called the wild blue lupine.
	animals.mongabay.com /madagascar/Blue_butterfly.html (472 words)

	Large blue butterfly - Maculinea arion - ARKive
		This butterfly is blue with a fl outer margin and fl flashes on the upper wing.
		It is greyish on the underwing with a blue suffusion at the base.
		The spots vary in size but are generally larger on the female than the male.
	www.arkive.org /species/ARK/invertebrates_terrestrial_and_freshwater/Maculinea_arion (116 words)

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