
	Where results make sense

Topic: Largest remainder method

Related Topics

Overhang seat

Highest averages method

Hamilton method

Single transferable vote

Voting system

Additional Member System

Closed list

Canadian government

Alabama paradox

Apportionment paradox

Cardinal Ratings

Cumulative voting

Condorcet method

Proportional representation

List of political parties in Germany

In the News (Wed 11 Nov 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Largest remainder method - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It is a contrast to the highest averages method.
		The largest remainder method requires the number of votes for each party to be divided by a quota representing the number of votes required for a seat, and this gives a notional number of seats to each, usually including an integer and either a vulgar fraction or alternatively a remainder.
		In such a case, it is usual to increase the quota until the number of candidates elected is equal to the number of seats available, in effect changing the voting system to a highest averages system with the Jefferson apportionment formula.
	www.leessummit.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Largest_remainder_method (623 words)

	Encyclopedia: Largest remainder method
		The dHondt method is a method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation.
		The Sainte-Laguë method of the highest average (also known as Websters method or divisor method with standard rounding) is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems.
		Politics is the process and method of gaining or maintaining support for public or common action: the conduct of decision-making for groups.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Largest-remainder-method (1061 words)

	Highest averages method - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The highest averages method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems.
		The Sainte-Laguë method can also be modified, for instance by the replacement of the first divisor by 1.4, which in small constituencies has the effect of prioritizing proportionality for larger parties over smaller ones at the allocation of the first few seats.
		An alternative to the highest averages method is the largest remainder method, which use a minimum quota which can be calculated in a number of ways.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Highest_averages_method (467 words)

	Knowledge King - Highest averages method (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The highest averages method requires the number of votes for each party to be divided successively by a series of divisors, and seats are allocated to parties that secure the highest resulting quotient, up to the total number of seats available.
		The Sainte-Laguë method can also be modified, for instance by the replacement of the first divisor by 1.4, which in small constituencies has the effect of prioritizing proportionality for larger parties over for the smaller at the allocation of the first few seats.
		The tables used in the d'Hondt method can then be viewed as calculating the lowest divisor necessary to round off to a given number of seats.
	www.knowledgeking.net /encyclopedia/h/hi/highest_averages_method.html (464 words)

	Allocation Formulas for Party List (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Largest Remainder advocates have claimed that Webster is less simple or less obvious than Largest Remainder when an exactly constant number of seats is necessary, and when Webster has to adjust its quota (divisor).
		Jefferson's method was adopted instead, but during the 19th century it bothered people that it was favoring the large states, and so another bill for Largest Remainder was passed by Congress, and this time not vetoed.
		Though Largest Remainder is preferable to d'Hondt, based on bias, and though Webster/Sainte-Lague is the ideal best it's important to emphasize that the differences between the allocation methods have less effect than district size, and that all 3 allocation methods are actually quite adequate.
	www.barnsdle.demon.co.uk /vote/appor.html (1628 words)

	Voting system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Voting systems are methods (algorithms) for groups of people to select one or more options from many, taking into account the individual preferences of the group members.
		Voting is best known for its use in elections and is often seen as the defining feature of democracy, where citizen preferences are used to determine the composition of government.
		Methods like Plurality, Borda, and Approval with single counting rounds are simpler since voters can be sure to know how their votes will be applied.
	www.bexley.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Voting_system (2262 words)

	Apportionment, or How to Round Seat Numbers
		Two seats remain to be allocated, and these two seats are allocated to the parties with the largest remainders, in this example the 0.65 and the 0.71, for a final seat allocation of 6, 3, 1, and 1.
		It is still the largest party (the largest party is shown in bold), so gains the next seat, and its share replaced by 59/3 = 19.6666, which means that the third seat to be allocated goes to the second-largest party.
		Largest Remainder / Hamilton and Saint-Laguë / Webster are very similar, with the former being 0.06 seats more generous to the largest party, and 0.1 seats less to the smallest.
	www.jdawiseman.com /papers/electsys/apportionment.html (1971 words)

	Thomas Hare - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		An English barrister, political reformer, and close friend of philosopher John Stuart Mill, Hare "invented" the method of elections technically referred to today as STV (the Single Transferable Vote).
		This method of elections has since become the favorite of advocates of electoral reform, has been used throughout the world.
		While continuing to be the main method of elections in Australia and the Republic of Ireland, it has been widely used in numerous corporations and organizations, and has been employed as a single-member variant in local elections in a few jurisdictions of the United States.
	www.bonneylake.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Thomas_Hare (351 words)

	[No title]
		The most natural and obvious method of finding an Egyptian fraction representation for a given number is to approximate the number as closely as possible by a single unit fraction, and then to use the same method to represent the remainder.
		The greedy method produces an Egyptian fraction representation of a number q by letting the first unit fraction be the largest unit fraction less than q, and then continuing in the same manner to represent the remaining value.
		As for the greedy method, this is only the worst case, and we can expect in practice to see one fewer level of exponentials in both the number of terms and the largest denominator.
	www.ics.uci.edu /~eppstein/numth/egypt/approx.html (1421 words)

	Center for Voting and Democracy
		Largest Remainder Method - The Hare, Droop and Imperiali calculation methods which translate votes into seats within list PR systems.
		Largest remainder seats are allocated in order of vote size.
		Majority-Runoff (Two-Round System) - The most common method for the second round of voting in a Two-Round System is a straight 'run-off" contest between the two highest vote-winners from the first round - this we term a majority-runoff system.
	www.fairvote.org /glossary.htm (2194 words)

	Vote Aggregation Methods
		Because these methods rely on binary comparisons between all candidates, voters must supply their complete preference orderings or the election must be conducted with multiple rounds of balloting [86].
		These methods suffer from the fact that it is always in the voters' best interests to inflate their preferences for their most preferred alternatives and deflate their preferences for their least preferred alternatives.
		Several methods have been developed to solve this problem both in the case of a single constituency country and in the more usual case where a country is divided into many constituencies.
	lorrie.cranor.org /pubs/diss/node4.html (8348 words)

	Congressional Apportionment--Historical Perspective
		Under this method, a ratio of persons to representatives was selected; the population of each state was divided by that number of persons.
		With this method, an additional seat is assigned if the fraction exceeds the difference obtained by subtracting the integer part of the quotient from the geometric mean of this integer and the next consecutive integer.
		The U.S. Supreme Court held that the method of equal proportions was constitutional; that the Congress had properly exercised its apportionment authority; and that the inclusion of U.S. federal military and civilian personnel, and their dependents, in the apportionment populations of the states was constitutional.
	www.census.gov /population/www/censusdata/apportionment/history.html (1268 words)

	Election Resources on the Internet: Elections to the Danish Folketing
		Folketing seats from metropolitan Denmark are apportioned on a nationwide basis among political parties, according to the largest remainder method of PR.
		The district mandates won by a party at the multi-member constituency level are then subtracted from the total number of seats allocated to that party, and the remaining mandates are filled from forty supplementary or compensatory seats distributed among the three electoral regions.
		Seats in the Faroe Islands and Greenland are apportioned separately, according to the largest average method of PR.
	electionresources.org /dk (899 words)

	Sainte-Laguë method -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Sainte-Laguë method of the highest average (also known as Webster's method or divisor method with standard rounding) is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with (Click link for more info and facts about party list) party list (A legal system for making democratic choices) voting systems.
		The Sainte-Laguë method is closely related to (Click link for more info and facts about d'Hondt method) d'Hondt method, although without the latter's favoritism for larger parties.
		The Sainte-Laguë method is equivalent to the Webster method in that they always give the same results, but the method of calculating the apportionment is different.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/S/Sa/Sainte-Lagu%EB_method1.htm (332 words)

	Representation (politics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Because there is almost certain to be some degree of rounding error, different mathematical schemes for calculating apportionment can produce different results in terms of seats for the relevant party or sector.
		These methods include the Jefferson method, the Webster method, the Huntington-Hill method, and the Hamilton method.
		As an example, in the 2005 federal highway bill, California and Texas, the two largest states, only received $77 and $36 per person, respectively.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Apportionment (989 words)

	[No title]
		My present design, then, is not to teach the method which each ought to follow for the right conduct of his reason, but solely to describe the way in which I have endeavored to conduct my own.
		By these considerations I was induced to seek some other method which would comprise the advantages of the three and be exempt from their defects.
		Now, in conclusion, the method which teaches adherence to the true order, and an exact enumeration of all the conditions of the thing.sought includes all that gives certitude to the rules of arithmetic.
	eserver.org /philosophy/descartes-discourse.txt (3817 words)

	South Africa: Election Systems and Conflict Management (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In effect, the country used one nationwide constituency (with of 400 members) for the conversion of votes into seats, and no threshold for representation was imposed.
		The Droop quota was used to apportion seats, and surplus seats were awarded by an adaptation of the largest-remainder method.
		Early drafts of the electoral law put the threshold for parliamentary representation at five percent of the national vote but in a concession to the smaller parties, the African National Congress and the National Party agreed in early 1994 to drop any "mandatory" threshold.
	www.aceproject.org /main/english/es/esy_za.htm (1369 words)

	Plurality systems are the simplest of all electoral systems
		Candidates cannot be elected as a result of the transfer of a third or fourth preference, thus defeating the candidate with the largest number of first preference votes.
		The simplest method of determining a quota is to divide the number of valid votes by the number of seats to be allocated.
		The remaining seat or seats are allocated on the basis of the largest remaining votes after the allocation of full quotas.
	homepages.udayton.edu /~aherndaw/ausaec.htm (5226 words)

	Dividing the House: Why Congress Should Reinstate an Old Reapportionment Formula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The evident bias of Jefferson's reapportionment method ultimately led to its abandonment in 1840, when it was replaced by a method first proposed in 1832 by the brilliant orator Daniel Webster.
		For each method and each census year, I compute the per capita representation in the large states as a group and in the small states as a group.
		Changes in method had to wait, however, for the underlying problem to be articulated and for the congressional votes to be in place.
	www.brook.edu /comm/policybriefs/pb88.htm (2350 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com
		A solid is weighed first in air, then while immersed in water; the difference in the two weights, according to Archimedes' principle, is the weight of the water displaced by the volume of the solid.
		birth control -> Methods of Birth Control Male birth control methods include withdrawal of the male before ejaculation (the oldest contraceptive technique) and use of the condom, a rubber sheath covering the penis.
		Montessori, Maria -> The Montessori Method The chief components of the Montessori method are self-motivation and autoeducation.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=Largest+remainder+method (513 words)

	Bundestag (Germany) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The distribution of the seats is calculated by the Largest remainder method.
		The overhang seats are distributed according to the vote count separately for each state.
		It consists of the chamber's president (usually elected from the largest Fraktion) and vice presidents (one from each Fraktion).
	www.leessummit.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Bundestag_(Germany) (1592 words)

	Politics of Hong Kong - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The geographical constituencies are elected based on proportional representation system with seats allocated according to the largest remainder method with Hare quotas.
		The method of selecting legislative council seats from 2008 onwards has become a subject of intense debate in the government recently.
		In all of these elections, the indirect election method spelled out by Annex II of the Basic Law caused the pro-Beijing bloc to win an overall majority of the seats, including a majority of indirectly elected positions while pro-democracy and the independents took most of the directly elected seats.
	www.kernersville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Politics_of_Hong_Kong (3397 words)

	ELECTORAL SYSTEMS
		The two formulas are the Largest Remainder (or Quota) method and the Highest Average (or Divisor) method, respectively.
		A and B qualify for one seat each, and the remainders are A 5, B 1, C 19, D 14, and E 11.
		There is a variant of this method, called the St. Laguë method, which is similar, except that it uses as divisors only odd numbers (1, 3, 5, 7, etc.).
	weber.ucsd.edu /~kstrom/electoral_systems.htm (474 words)

	Largest remainder method Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Largest remainder method Info - Bored Net - Boredom
		This will generally leave some seats unallocated: the parties are then ranked on the basis of the fraction or equivalently on the basis of the remainder, and parties with the larger fractions or reaminders are each allocated one additional seat until all the seats have been allocated.
		The Hare quota tends to be slightly more generous to less popular parties and the Droop quota to more popular parties.
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/l/la/largest_remainder_method.html (197 words)

	Euler's Method (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Euler's Method is used to find the largest divisor of 2 numbers.
		We now make 625 the new big number and 350 the new small number and we keep repeating the steps until the remainder is zero.
		This is the largest number that divides into both 625 and 7850.
	www.mathwizz.com /fractions/help/help3.htm (113 words)

	[EM] "population paradox" using largest remainder with small # of voters? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Basically, the teams in each section are the voters, and the seats in the house are the bids to the regional tournament.
		Currently, the apportionment is done using a slightly perverted version of largest remainder, aka Hamilton's method.
		Barring the presence of such an example, all I can do is show a case where the results differ from Webster's method, and try to argue that it's less proportional as a result.
	lists.electorama.com /pipermail/election-methods-electorama.com/2003-January/009361.html (429 words)

	PUERTO RICO HERALD: Washington's Muted Majority…Take Two… This Gambit's Legit. D.C. Should Play (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		That's almost never a whole number, so those states with the "largest remainder" are assigned the leftover seats.
		But his method produced an odd outcome: In 1881, the Census Bureau demonstrated that increasing the size of the House from 299 to 300 seats would result in Alabama's losing a House seat.
		Not until 1911 did the House resolve this "Alabama paradox," adopting the method of equal proportions similar to Jefferson's and Webster's formula.
	www.puertorico-herald.org /issues/2003/vol7n28/WashMutedMajor-en.shtml (2075 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)