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	Laser-guided bomb - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The reflected laser light ("sparkle") from the target is then detected by the seeker head of the weapon, which sends signals to the weapon's control surfaces to guide it toward the designated point.
		These weapons, such as the USAF Enhanced Paveway, use laser designation for precision attacks, but contain an inertial navigation system with GPS receiver for back-up, so that if the target illumination is lost or broken, the weapon will continue to home in on the GPS coordinates of the original target.
		In the 1970s and 1980s it was common for aircraft to depend on a separate designator, either carried by ground forces, operated by the forward air controller, or carried by another aircraft in the strike group.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Laser-guided_bomb (1031 words)

	COMBATSIM.COM: Buddy Lazing (www.combatsim.com)
		The aircraft designating the target will lose laser lock a few seconds after passing over the target; therefore, the pilot dropping ordnance should fly 2 to 5nm ahead of the other aircraft in order to guarantee that his weapon during free-fall will have a laser lock all the way to impact.
		A pilot may not pickup his buddy laser if he is designating the side of the target from the opposite side of which his wingman is flying.
		In other words, if you designate the port side of a large ship while you wingman is approaching from the starboard side, he may never find the laser designation X in the Hud because the ship's structure is blocking it.
	www.combatsim.com /htm/june00/laze_page1.htm (935 words)

	Laser Guided Bombs - Smart Weapons
		At the instant alignment occurs, the reflected laser energy centers on the detector and commands the canards to a trail position, which causes the weapon to fly ballistically with gravity biasing towards the target.
		Laser designators and seekers use a pulse coding system to ensure that a specific seeker and designator combination work in harmony.
		PAVE ARROW (AN/AVQ-14): This was a laser tracker pod developed for use in conjunction with the PAVE SPOT laser designator used on O-2A FAC spotter planes, C-123, and was planned for use on the F-100.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/systems/munitions/lgb.htm (1775 words)

	TRADOC Pam 34-3, Joint Laser Designation Procedures
		The laser spot size is a function of beam divergence and the distance from the laser designator to the target.
		Laser designator and acquisition devices are designed to enhance current capabilities of artillery, naval gunfire, and aircraft in the delivery of munitions on ground targets.
		Since aircraft laser codes are 4-digit numbers (1XYZ) and ground laser designator codes are 3-digit numbers (XYZ), the FAC must ensure the pilot and ground LD0 understand code setting procedures; i.e., the last three numbers of the four digit code must match the three digit code and the first number is set to 1.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/smart/docs/p34-3.htm (14872 words)

	Joint Laser Interoperability, Tomorrow's Answer to Precision Engagement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		For laser designation operations, an operator shines his laser on a target during the terminal phase (last seconds) of the laser-guided weapon’s flight and the weapon guides on the laser energy reflected off of the target.
		Both the laser and tracker operators must have the same laser code set in their equipment, and the tracker operator directs the laser operator to turn on the laser when he is within range.
		In addition to manned vehicles with laser designators and spot trackers, US ground forces must develop unmanned vehicles with this capability for urban combat and areas where the risk might be too high (or the rules of engagement prevent that risk) to send troops.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/cc/neuenswander.html (11825 words)

	Harrier Force - Weapons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A laser is used to designate the required target and the bomb's guidance package then steers the weapon to the source of the reflected laser energy.
		Laser designation may be provided from the air using the Thermal Imaging Airborne Laser Designator (TIALD) pod, or from forces on the ground using a laser target designator.
		TIALD is a second-generation laser designator pod, which initially entered service when it was still in the development stage in the Gulf War in 1991.
	www.raf-cott.demon.co.uk /wpn.htm (1671 words)

	A - SOL:STEERED AGILE BEAMS (STAB) (05/10/99)
		Laser beams play an important role on the battlefield in military systems such as infrared countermeasures (IRCM), target designation and laser communications.
		The gimbaled and turret mounted laser systems that are currently available tend to be bulky, heavy, expensive and unsuitable for new and novel battlefield applications.
		This first phase will result in the design of a STAB system (at the component/subsystem level) for military application(s), from which the required performance characteristics of each major component or subsystem will be determined.
	www.fbodaily.com /cbd/archive/1999/05(May)/10-May-1999/Asol007.htm (1240 words)

	[12.0] Targeting Pods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		There were also "laser spot tracker" pods that allowed an aircraft to spot a target illuminated by a laser target designator carried by ground troops or other aircraft, making the aircraft something like a "smart", reusable LGB itself.
		It is designed to be easily maintained, does not require specialized tools for disassembly, and has a "self boresighting" system to ensure alignment of the targeting laser and the sensor systems.
		The laser is designed so that its target-marking "spot" is visible to anyone wearing night-vision goggles, and so another strike aircraft does not need a laser spot tracker to home in on the target.
	www.vectorsite.net /twbombc.html (4572 words)

	LITENING Laser Designation Pod (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Designed to improve both day and night attack capabilities, LITENING presents pilots with real-time, FLIR and CCD imagery.
		LITENING uses a 100 mJ laser to designate targets selected by the air crews and provides guidance to the laser guided bomb.
		- The laser spot detector detects the laser energy from a secondary source, enabling ground or airborne Forward Air Controllers (FACs) to designate the targets for the fighter aircraft.
	www.bharat-rakshak.com /IAF/Info/Litening.html (267 words)

	Coastal Command History - Squadrons
		The Buccaneer Squadrons, at the time a purely Maritime Attack Force, had within their ranks a secondary wartime role of over-land Laser Designation for such aircraft as the Jaguar, and so the superb but ageing aircraft with its Pave Spike designation system was rushed to the Gulf.
		The term rushed is used advisedly, such was the dire need for the system in theatre that the Squadrons were on a 24 hour notice to move from their base at Lossimouth in Scotland, and several aircraft of the first deployment departed with the paint still wet.
		The target would be identified and centered in the display, and the Laser designator swtiched on, marking the target for the Pave Way seekers on the noses of the bombs, which would then home onto the Laser "dot".
	www.raf.mod.uk /gulf/spiker.html (732 words)

	Loudenslager Stephens Akro Laser 200
		Loudenslager's legacy is evident in the design characteristics and performance of current aerobatic aircraft, powerful and agile monoplanes, and in the tumbling and twisting but precise routines flown by current champions and airshow pilots.
		In 1983, the Laser was painted in the brilliant red Bud Light scheme to reflect its sponsorship.
		Carolyn and Kelly Loudenslager donated the Laser 200 to NASM and it arrived at the Garber Facility in Suitland, Maryland, on October 1, 1999.
	www.nasm.si.edu /research/aero/aircraft/loudenslager_laser.htm (825 words)

	Army Technology - Instro Precision Limited - Fire Control and Surveillance Support Systems
		The Electronic Viking goniometer is designed for rapid deployment by dismounted forces and is fully equipped to provide essential target data for the digital battlefield.
		They are ideally suited to laser designation and long range surveillance and are deployed worldwide.
		Manual: The Midi and Maxi range of manual pan and tilt heads are designed to support a wide range of surveillance equipment from light video/still cameras and other optical equipment to heavier long range cameras, both CCTV and thermal imaging.
	www.army-technology.com /contractors/surveillance/instro (732 words)

	Combat Aircraft of the Indian Air Force (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The aircraft is equipped with a 30 mm gun and a range of missiles, rockets, and bombs mounted externally on ten hardpoints.
		The Kh-25ML is the laser guided version of the Kh-25 air-to-surface missile family, with the NATO designation Kegler AS-12.
		The English Electric Canberra was designed with no defensive armament, relying instead on high speed, an operational ceiling of 48,000 feet, and great maneuverability to avoid opposing fighter aircraft.
	www.cs.wisc.edu /~rajwar/pictures/planes/iaf_planes.html (3678 words)

	TA: Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In addition to multiple target laser designation and tracking, the beam steering system could be used as a enabling component in optical interconnects, line-of-sight optical links, holographic optical memories, laser visual displays, ranging systems, marking systems, and even laser micro-particle manipulators (i.e.
		The software will coordinate the tracking and positioning of the multiple laser beams with the ability of the DODP to design a beam pattern in a given time.
		Laser tweezers assist researchers in single-cell manipulation using an infrared laser beam introduced into the path of the microscope and focused by the objective lens.
	www.mdatechnology.net /printerpage_spin.asp?articleid=608 (645 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		On the other hand the reflected laser energy is sensored by the guidance systems of laser-guided bombs or missiles, that try to steer towards the origin of the laser reflection (which is the target).
		Since laser-guided bombs cannot perform massive changes in flighpath due to their ballistic flight and limited field of view of laser detectors, it is important that the pilot guides the aircraft in the moment of release more or less directly towards the target.
		Due to the tracking technology, in this mode laser designation is possible too, because even dynamic view will be automatically handled by the tracking system that keeps the point of reflection of the laser beam in the center of the view.
	www.aeronautics.ru /archive/ekke/dakovica/c2.htm (1363 words)

	The Royal Air Force - Equipment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		When the weapon is released it flies a pre-programmed autopilot profile into the target area, using the energy given to it by the releasing aircraft.
		These autopilot profiles are designated to provide the best attack conditions for different types of target and also to use to maximum effectiveness the increased stand-off capability of the weapon.
		The Thermal Imaging Airborne Laser-Designation (TIALD) pod is a second-generation laser designator pod, which initially entered service when it was still in the development stage in the Gulf War in 1991.
	www.raf.mod.uk /equipment/a_sshort.html (1445 words)

	ATLIS II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		It was developed for the French Armée de l'Air, initially carried by SEPECAT Jaguar and Mirage 2000 aircraft.
		The pilot or weapon systems officer uses the crosshairs to mark a target, which can then be attacked with laser-guided bombs or other guided weapons from the designating aircraft or other, friendly forces.
		Because it is designed for use by single-seat aircraft, it has a novel automatic lock-on feature, which keeps the laser focused on the target without further operator intervention (using an inertial guidance system, it can generally keep the laser on target even if the beam is temporarily interrupted by clouds).
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/A/ATLIS-II.htm (312 words)

	Raytheon/Texas Instruments GBU-24/B "Paveway III" Laser-Guided Penetrator Weapon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The GBU-24 "Paveway III" bomb was a combination of a general-purpose bomb and laser guidance components to make a laser-guided weapon.
		The laser designation could come from a ground source, the aircraft delivering the weapon, or from a separate aircraft nearby.
		These designators worked through a pulse-coding system that supplied the same code for the seeker and the designator, ensuring that the bomb would track only the desired target.
	www.hill.af.mil /museum/photos/coldwar/gbu-24.htm (195 words)

	High-Precision Long-Range Laser Designator/Locator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		For designation, there are no eye safe requirements.
		A typical laser designation run is approximately 1-2 minutes.
		A: Yes, its performance would be sufficient, but it may not be the right choice for a particular design.
	www.darpa.mil /ato/solicit/HPLD/qa.htm (560 words)

	angulation heads optical (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Optical Norseman is a rugged angulation head designed for use with heavy sensor payloads for fire control, target tracking and designation.
		Instro Precision Limited has now supplied the Optical Norseman Tracking Head for use with laser designated missiles for both air and shore based systems and can be used for forward air control, long range surveillance, artillery fire control and designation of targets.
		Instro's Bulldog Tripod or the new lightweight Composite Tripod are ideal for use with the Optical Norseman.
	www.cix.co.uk /~morcom/docs/angulation_heads/optical_norseman.htm (160 words)

	Air Force Technology - Mirage 2000 - Multi-role Combat Fighter
		The aircraft can be fitted with a TV/CT CLDP laser designation pod from Thales Optronique, which provides the capability to fire laser-guided weapons by day and night.
		Mirage 2000-5 is equipped with a multi-mode Thales RDY doppler radar which provides multi-targeting capability in the air defence role and the radar also has look down/shoot down mode of operation.
		The 2000-5 Mk 2 is equipped with the Thales Damocles laser designation pod.
	www.airforce-technology.com /projects/mirage (1040 words)

	TA: Tech Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In the early 1990s, BNS began investigating one-dimensional liquid-crystal beem steering devices through SBIR Phase I and Phase II contracts from MDA.
		Interested in active sensing and target designation, MDA awarded BNS an STTR Phase I contract in 1999 and an STTR Phase II contract in 2002.
		One of the advantages of multi-spot laser beam steering is that rather than firing a laser at multiple targets sequentially, it is possible to split the beam and track the targets simultaneously.
	www.mdatechnology.net /techsearch.asp?articleid=608 (775 words)

	Raytheon Company: Products & Services: AN AAS-52 Multi-Spectral Targeting System (MTS)
		The multi-use system offers long-range surveillance, target acquisition, tracking, rangefinding, and laser designation for the HELLFIRE missile and for all tri-service and NATO laser-guided munitions such as the Paveway Laser Guided Bomb (LGB).
		To ensure operational reliability, the MTS was designed to meet the environmental testing extremes of MIL-E-5400 and MIL-STD-810.
		Its advanced electronics and optical design allow for capability and performance enhancements through add-in circuitry.
	www.raytheon.com /products/mts (163 words)

	BAIKA : BAIKA - Kfz-Zulieferer Online
		In our remote location in Vilseck, we develop new process engineering on the fields high performance material and short pulse laser technology.
		Improvement of the corrosion resistance of high strength aluminium alloys by laser remelting
		That ATZ-EVUS is an off-campus investigation furnishings with the destination to transmit on-campus knowledge into the economy.
	www.baika.de /portal/baika_profile_detail,25222,21002,21472,detail.html (159 words)

	Raytheon Company: Products & Services: MTS-B Multi-Spectral Targeting System
		Raytheon’s MTS-B Multi-Spectral Targeting System provides electro-optical, infrared, laser designation, and laser illumination capabilities integrated in a single sensor package.
		Using state-of-the-art digital architecture, this advanced system provides long-range surveillance, high-altitude target acquisition, tracking, rangefinding, and laser designation for the HELLFIRE missile and for all tri-service and NATO laser-guided munitions.
		With advanced electronics and optical design driving a clear growth path for image fusion and other performance enhancements, the MTS system will continue to be the world’s most advanced EO/IR multi-use system.
	www.raytheon.com /products/mts_b (131 words)

	OH-58 Kiowa
		The OH-58 Kiowa scout helicopter has the primary missions of reconnaissance, surveillance, and intelligence gathering.
		The OH-58D Kiowa Warrior has the additional mission capability of target acquisition and laser designation.
		It can operate during the day or night and in limited adverse weather.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/o/oh/oh_58_kiowa.html (149 words)

	Northrop Grumman Defensive Systems Division : Laser Systems
		For over a quarter of a century, Laser Systems has remained in the forefront of applied laser and electro-optics technology for military use throughout the world.
		With achievements such as the development of airborne laser target designators for precision munitions delivery, we are and will remain internationally recognized as a leader in state of the art military electro-optical equipment.
		Target Acquisition Designation Sight (TADS) Laser Rangefinder/Designator (LRF/D)
	www.dsd.es.northropgrumman.com /laser (75 words)

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