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Topic: Laser gain medium

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	Laser construction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A helium-neon (HeNe) laser uses an electrical discharge in the helium-neon gas mixture, a Nd:YAG laser uses a light focused from a xenon flash lamp, and excimer lasers use a chemical reaction.
		The gain medium is excited by the pump source to produce a population inversion, and it is in the gain medium that spontaneous and stimulated emission of photons takes place, leading to the phenomenon of optical gain, or amplification.
		Light from the medium, produced by spontaneous emission, is reflected by the mirrors back into the medium, where it may be amplified by stimulated emission.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Laser_construction (663 words)

	Active laser medium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Within a laser, the active laser medium (laser crystal) is the material that exhibits optical gain.
		This gain is generally generated by stimulated emission on electronic or molecular transitions to a lower energy state, starting from a higher energy state to which it had been previously stimulated by means of a pump source.
		More exotic gain media can be pumped by chemical reactions (see chemical laser), nuclear fission (see nuclear pumped laser), or with high-energy electron beams.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gain_medium (258 words)

	Efficient phase conjugate laser - Patent 4734911
		The laser apparatus of claim 6 further comprising aberration means disposed along said optical path between said imaging means and said coupling means for distorting the radiation in a predetermined manner to sufficiently decrease the intensity of the radiation coupled by said imaging means to said phase conjugation means.
		The laser further utilizes a delay means positioned between the gain element and the phase conjugate reflector means to assure that radiation pulses from the master oscillator traverse and substantially exit the gain element, toward the phase conjugate reflector means, before any reflected radiation from the phase conjugate reflector means enters the gain element again.
		The gain element 14 amplifies the radiation injected by the coupler 16 as it traverses the gain element 14 and exists along an optical path to a reflector, identified in the drawing figures as * 20.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4734911.html (7283 words)

	Science Fiction
		Although the meteor method can be applied to a gain medium, it can also be used to actually create a gain medium in stellar plasmas near the threshold of a population inversion; thus triggering potential laser stars on the verge of lasing.
		Amplified spontaneous emission, or laser action occurs, and since the intensity increases exponentially, the beam emerges mostly along the direction where the laser medium is the longest; the laser light emerges with high efficiency as a narrow precisely aligned with the meteor streak.
		Also, since the wavelength dependence of the laser gain in naturally occurring laser stars has a maximum at the center frequency of the quantum transition, Doppler gradients in the motions of the plasma wind could reduce the brightness of the laser line.
	laserstars.org /amateur/scifi.html (4166 words)

	Lasers (E-I-2)
		The process is similar to that of electron excitation of lasers described above except that a population inversion is not produced and the radiating material of the lamp radiates via spontaneous emission, rather than by stimulated emission as in the case of a laser gain medium.
		Sometimes the laser mirrors are coated onto the ends of the laser rod and sometimes they are mounted externally to the rod, along the longitudinal axis of the cavity.
		Laser pumping is used in cases in which the pumping energy must be concentrated into a relatively small volume or for a very short time, or if the pumping wavelength must be provided over a fairly narrow-wavelength bandwidth.
	cord.org /step_online/st1-5/st15ei2.htm (660 words)

	Laser (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Laser (US Air Force) A laser ('''Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation''') is a device which uses a quantum mechanical effect, stimulated emission, to generate a coherent beam of light from a lasing medium of controlled purity, size, and shape.
		By contrast, a Laser generally emits photons in a narrow, well-defined, polarized, coherent beam of near-monochromatic light, consisting of a single wavelength or hue.
		Furthermore, science-fiction film special effects often depict weapon Laser beams propagating at only a few feet per second&8212;i.e., slowly enough to see their progress, in a manner reminiscent of conventional tracer ammunition&8212;whereas in reality a Laser beam travels at the speed of light, and would be instantly visible along its entire length.
	laser.iqnaut.net (2162 words)

	Mode-Locked Laser - Qwiki
		A Frequency Comb Laser is based on the operation of a mode-locked laser with pulse lengths that are short enough that the output spans an octave (in the frequency domain).
		The most popular mechanisms for enforcing pulsed operation is to employ a gain material that exhibits a Kerr Effect, whereby the material index of refraction increases linearly with the optical intensity.
		In addition to providing the laser gain, Ti:S is also used as the Kerr-lens material for almost all mode-locked lasers.
	qwiki.caltech.edu /wiki/Mode-Locked_Laser (587 words)

	Optical readout for differential laser gyros - Patent 4000947
		In a differential laser gyro system including a ring laser in the form of a figure eight incorporated in a solid block, optical readout is accomplished by mounting the readout optics to the block in a manner similar to that employed for the laser optics.
		When the laser gyro is physically rotated, more time is required for a traveling wave to complete the optical path in the direction of rotation, and less time is required for a traveling wave to complete the optical path in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation.
		The ring laser design requires four mirrors which are fixedly attached to the sides of the block, diagonally opposite mirrors being mounted parallel to each other for ease of assembly and alignment of the laser gyro as is disclosed and claimed in commonly owned copending application Ser.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4000947.html (3160 words)

	Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology - gain bandwidth, gain medium, laser
		The gain bandwidth of the gain medium of a laser, or of an optical parametric amplifier, can be important e.g.
		Particularly in the context of mode-locked lasers and short-pulse amplifiers, the phenomenon that a limited gain bandwidth leads to spectral compression is called gain narrowing.
		The measurement of an optical gain bandwidth may be based on a direct gain measurement, but in case of four-level gain media with negligible excited state absorption it can be easier to measure the width of the fluorescence spectrum.
	www.rp-photonics.com /gain_bandwidth.html (605 words)

	Professor John Brown's Research Group - Laser Magnetic Resonance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In this arrangement the molecules of interest are generated inside the laser cavity and are separated from the CO laser gain medium by a Brewster window.
		The high-voltage discharge inside the laser cavity can be seen at the centre of the picture, and the yoke containing the magnet is towards the left (with the yellow warning sticker).
		The gain medium is cooled by liquid nitrogen, supplied from a 75 L dewar, visible on the left of the picture.
	physchem.ox.ac.uk /~jmbgroup/LMR.html (203 words)

	Howzit Work? Laser Light - Part 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The idea is to excite the gain medium to appropriate levels with a fair amount of efficiency.
		In fact, most lasers are named for their gain medium.
		A high reflector, which is 100% reflective, and an output coupler, designed to reflect all but a small portion of the light energy, are placed on either end of the gain medium.
	fathom.org /Stephen/hdtw/laser2.html (255 words)

	Tunable Lasers Tutorial
		Tunable lasers are different to traditional lasers because they can continuously change their emission wavelength, or color, in a given spectral range.
		HMPGI and MPL grating oscillator architecures are used with a variety of tunable laser gain media in the gas, the liquid, and the solid state.
		The emission medium is the laser dye Coumarin 545 Tetramethyl.
	www.opticsjournal.com /tutorial.htm (2076 words)

	Biophotonics Applications of High-Power Semiconductor Diode Laser Technology
		Dual-use medical applications of high-power diode lasers and solid-state lasers are critically important due to the enormous potential for portability, compactness, and their effective interaction with tissue.
		Since the laser diode gain medium is relatively small compared to the wavelength of the laser light, the beam divergence of the laser output is relatively large.
		Although laser technology has made significant strides in recent years, a significant amount of work still needs to be done to develop the next generation of semiconductor lasers.
	afrlhorizons.com /Briefs/0001/DE9903.html (1002 words)

	SBIR/STTR Interactive Topic Information System (SITIS)
		Although the final optical pumping technique desired for this amplifier gain media are high power, solid-state laser diodes, the use of flashlamp pumping (due to the high cost of laser-diode pumping arrays) for initial tests will not be excluded.
		Once the ceramic laser amplifier module is developed and optimized, multiple copies of this unit can be fabricated and run in series to provide the required degree of amplification for each different application.
		Procure the amplifier laser gain material, fabricate a single (or possibly multiple) gain module(s), and test this unit to determine performance.
	www.dodsbir.net /sitis/archives_display_topic.asp?Bookmark=19516 (1083 words)

	Researchers Demonstrate Mode-Locked Fiber Laser (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The laser's gain medium is not the fiber itself, but the semiconductor optical amplifier in the fiber ring (see figure).
		The laser signal is coupled into the ring with a circulator and dumped at the isolator after a single pass through the semiconductor optical amplifier.
		Scientists at the Chinese University have demonstrated a mode-locked, fiber-ring laser that incorporates a semiconductor optical amplifier as a gain medium and a mode locker.
	www.photonics.com /content/spectra/2003/August/tech/79828.aspx (498 words)

	☞ laser - Laser Beam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Laser beam collimating is regarded as a technical marvel and optical art form that...
		Lasers have been used for a variety of means.
		Lasers are used in CD players, dental drills, eye surgery, and even tattoo removal.
	www.laser-101.info /laser-beam (656 words)

	Laser (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In our Laser the "gain-medium" where the photons will be emitted it happens in a YAG crystal cylinder.
		We are surrounded today by Lasers in the everyday life without paying much attention to them: there is a Laser in your computer's Cd Rom drive, a DVD player, the barcode reader's in the supermarket etc
		A very powerful light is generated from a bulb and it is concentrated down into a narrow beam which is controlled by the operator with a foot pedal.
	www.best-cast.com /Laser.html (418 words)

	Arthur L. Utz
		A Krypton ion laser is located in the left center of the photo.
		The red dot is light scattered from the 676-nm beam emitted by this laser.
		The end of the ultrahigh vacuum main chamber and the light blue stand on which it rests are visible near the large LN dewar.
	www.tufts.edu /~autz/apparatus.html (1329 words)

	DOPS - Danish Optical Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The gain medium was a ytterbium-doped silica fiber and the frequency doubling was done using a lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide.
		The medical yellow laser systems in-use today are based on dyes, which are sometimes toxic, or copper-vapour lasers, which take time to heat up to high temperatures.
		A second method includes Raman shifting a laser gain in fiber and then frequency doubling the output.
	www.dops.dk /?id=225 (278 words)

	Modular unstable ring resonator with multiple output couplers (USH0000099)
		A modular unstable ring resonator utilizing several independent gain modules is used to obtain output of a multiple set of mutually coherent beams.
		Each segment of the ring resonator's optical path may contain a laser gain medium, an output mirror, and a beam expander for continuously circulating a portion of the system flux while also coupling out a portion of the flux from each output mirror.
		Additionally, rigorous mutual coherence is maintained even when the system operates on more than one longitudinal mode or/and on more than one gain transition; specific frequency-control elements are eliminated; satisfactory operation is possible with one or more gain-medium modules disabled.
	www.priorartdatabase.com /IPCOM/000000099 (427 words)

	Theory of Group-III Nitride Lasers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The determination of gain properties in group III-nitride quantum wells is complicated by the incomplete knowledge of band structure properties.
		As a result, some important parameters necessary for determining and understanding laser gain medium behavior are unknown and discrepancies exist in others.
		The computed spectra show gain peaks that are red shifted relative to the exciton resonance by several tens of meV, and the simultaneous appearance of an absorption resonance and gain at high carrier densities.
	www.sandia.gov /1100/Xresbrief/amtwwc.htm (454 words)

	NEWS ITEMS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Duarte, Newton, prisms, and the opticks of tunable lasers, Optics & Photonics News 11 (5), 24-28 (2000).
		Duarte and J. Piper, Dispersion theory of multiple-prism beam expander for pulsed dye lasers, Opt.
		Duarte and J. Piper, Multi-pass dispersion theory of prismatic pulsed dye lasers, Optica Acta 31, 331-335 (1984).
	www.opticsjournal.com /news.htm (1195 words)

	ELECTRICAL MODULATION AND ACTIVE MODE LOCKING OF A SILICON RAMAN LASER AND APPLICATION TO MID-IR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		An approach to realizing an active silicon Raman laser is documented in UCLA Case 2005-171.
		The next step in silicon Raman lasers is to control the modulation, switching and active mode locking of the laser.
		Prior to this invention the state of the art in Raman laser was commercially available fiber Raman lasers or glass micro-resonator Raman lasers.
	www.research.ucla.edu /tech/ucla05-240.htm (330 words)

	Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology - thermal lensing, laser gain medium, beam quality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The gain medium is hotter on the beam axis, compared with the outer regions, typically causing some transverse gradient of the refractive index (→ thermooptic effect, quantified with the coefficient dn/dT).
		As a simple example, consider a laser gain medium in which there is a uniform pump intensity and where only the transverse refractive index gradient is relevant for lensing.
		Such issues are very important in the context of power scaling of lasers.
	www.rp-photonics.com /thermal_lensing.html (644 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #6908783 - Solid state laser gain medium with diamond coating
		Solid state laser gain medium with diamond coating
		This patent describes an article.^It comprises: a solid state laser gain medium having an outer surface, and means for reinforcing the medium and for reducing parasitic oscillations comprising a diamond coating disposed on at lest a portion of the outer surface.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=6908783 (151 words)

	Precision Photonics - Composite High-Power Laser Optics
		These high-performance bonded structures for solid-state laser amplifiers and oscillators use Precision Photonics proprietary CADB process to achieve epoxy-free, robust and reliable composite crystal, glass and ceramic structures.
		Ideal for high-power solid-state laser applications for LIDAR, defense and aerospace, materials processing and medical industries, these highly robust devices can be fabricated in a variety of geometries (rod end caps, slabs and disks) and form factors from 1 mm to 100 mm.
		Gain Medium: Laser crystalline and ceramic materials (YAG, phosphate glass, etc.)
	www.precisionphotonics.com /products/composite_laser.asp (215 words)

	Gallileus - Semiconductor-Laser Fundamentals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The optical and electronic properties of semiconductors, particularly semiconductor quantum-well systems, are analyzed in detail, covering a wide variety of near-infrared systems with or without strain, as well as wide-gap materials such as the group-III nitride compounds or the II-VI materials.
		The important bandstructure modifications and Coulomb interaction effects are discussed, including the solution of the longstanding semiconductor laser lineshape problem.
		Quantitative comparisons between measured and predicted gain/absorption and refractive index spectra for a wide variety of semiconductor-laser materials enable the theoretical results to be used directly in the engineering of advanced laser and amplifier structures.
	www.gallileus.info /search/nb_detail?id=3540641661 (184 words)

	Raytheon Company: Technology Today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		EUGENE R. 6690695B2 Laser with gain medium configured to provide and integrated optical pump cavity
		MARY C. 6680236B2 Ion-implantation and shallow etching to produce effective edge termination in high-voltage heterojunction bipolar transistors
		ALEXANDER A. 6690696B2 Laser cooling apparatus and method
	wwwxt.raytheon.com /technology_today/v3_i2/section_patent.html (435 words)

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