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Topic: Laszlo Tokes

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Romanian Revolution

Romanian Revolution of 1989

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Tivadar Puskas

	The Development of the Laszlo Tokes Case
		Laszlo Tokes, a priest of the Hungarian Reformed (Calvinist) Church, was appointed secondary priest of the Timisoara parish in 1986.
		Laszlo Tokes had had problems with the authorities even before his appointment in Timisoara, while he was a priest in Dej, a town in central Transylvania.
		Tokes tried to follow the deal he had made with authorities, telling the crowd to go home, but he lost control of the situation.
	procesulcomunismului.com /marturii/fonduri/mmioc/anticomrev/docs/03.htm (1192 words)

	MMR #7 -- The Church: a "History-Making Force"
		In 1987 Laszlo Tokes became the pastor of the Hungarian Reformed Church in Timisoara, a central town in Transylvania annexed by Romania at the end of World War I. Laszlo’s predecessor was well known as a government collaborator, even wearing the red star of Communism on his clerical robes.
		Meanwhile, Tokes was suspended from his ministry, was denied a ration book needed to purchase food and accessories, was personally attacked in his home, and then was scheduled to be exiled to a small village in the country.
		Tokes, however, refused to accept the eviction and called the members of his church to come at the appointed time--Dec. 15, 1989--to peacefully serve as witnesses.
	www.missiology.org /discussion/_disc1/0000000d.htm (1301 words)

	Ingathering sermon by Rev. John Buehrens
		Laszlo, however, was determined not to be intimidated.
		Laszlo's father, who in 1939 had left Romania to study in Basel with the great anti-Nazi theologian Karl Barth, was, fifty years later, a 72-year-old retired seminary professor and deputy bishop.
		Laszlo, wounded with a knife, saw that the unexpected presence of visitors caused the assailants to withdraw.
	www.uua.org /ga/ga97/galaszlo.htm (1098 words)

	RADOR: News from Romania, 98-09-14 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Called by the Honorary President of the Democratic Union of Ethic Hungarians in Romania (UDMR), Laszlo Tokes, in the Cernat city of Romania's Covasna county, the Seckler Forum for UDMR's Renewal has asked the Romanian Parliament to amend the existing legislation and approximate it to international law on local autonomy and selfruling.
		Bishop Laszlo Tokes said in an interview that the forum was aimed at restructuring the UDMR following accusations of failing to answer the Hungarian community's interests and breaking its initial programme.
		Mr Tokes however denied that the forum was aimed at underminig the UDMR leadership's authiruty.
	www.hri.org /news/agencies/rador/1998/98-09-14.rador.html (990 words)

	AP WINS LIBEL TRIAL AGAINST ROMANIAN BISHOP
		Tokes, an ethnic Hungarian who received international awards, filed suit after AP correspondent Alison Mutler reported that the Bishop worked for the Securitate, the feared Communist secret service, ASSIST News Service learned Wednesday November 7.
		In an earlier interview with an ANS-reporter, Tokes admitted he was approached by the Securitate, but the Bishop denied he was very active for the organization.
		However Tokes apparently objected to what he said were suggestions in the AP-story of June 1998 that his actions were harmful to others.
	www.assistnews.net /strategic/s0111012.htm (541 words)

	[ RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY ]
		Father Laszlo Tokes says ethnic Hungarian parishes were subject to frequent harassment by the Romanian Communist authorities, who had infiltrated the church hierarchy.
		Tokes was not alone and it was only by chance, he notes, that it was his church's dispute that led to a popular uprising:
		At the Sunday service on December 10, 1989, Tokes told his congregation that his battle with the authorities was lost.
	www.rferl.org /specials/communism/10years/romania1.asp (1447 words)

	Permanent Mission of Hungary to the United Nations
		Tabajdi told journalists the prime minister had confirmed during the meeting that the Hungarian cabinet considers the text of the basic treaty to be final, and the related coordination as completed.
		Reformed Bishop Laszlo Tokes said the HDUR was confronted with an accomplished fact, the Hungarian government did not take its views into consideration.
		Tokes said priorities of the Hungarian diplomacy have been upset, and the representation of extraterritorial Hungarian interests has been forced behind the integration efforts and the settling of relations with the neighbouring countries.
	www.un.int /hungary/960827nw.htm (794 words)

	MINELRES: Romania: Ethnic Diversity Briefs, No.26
		Tokes pointed out that he submitted the request, as he believes that CRU decision to summon up UDMR Congress is "illegitimate".
		The UDMR chairman stated that Tokes does "not know" UDMR statute, the decisions made by UDMR Congress and that the bishop "is not right".
		The wing run by Laszlo Tokes opposes to this collaboration and sticks up for radical attitude related to the reports with the Romanian political forces.
	lists.delfi.lv /pipermail/minelres/2002-October/002351.html (741 words)

	BBC News \| Communism \| Romania
		A minister of the Hungarian Reformed Church, Laszlo Tokes, was ordered to leave his congregation in Timisoara, western Romania.
		Minister Tokes had (correctly) argued that Romanian resettlement plans were an effort by Ceausescu to destroy the Hungarian nationals in Transylvania.
		Tokes refused to leave, claiming that by Church law only his congregation could remove him.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/static/special_report/1999/09/99/iron_curtain/timelines/romania_1018.stm (224 words)

	from uua-l: Hero of Romanian Revolution speaks at GA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Bishop Laszlo Tokes, the hero of the Romanian revolution whose refusal to bow down to Nicolai Ceaucescu started the fall of that regime, will be a featured speaker at this year's General Assembly.
		Laszlo Tokes, a Bishop of the Reformed Church in Romania, will participate in the opening plenary of the GA, and will speak on Friday, June 20, 2:45 p.m.
		Bishop Tokes came to world attention as the spark of the 1989 revolution that overthrew the dictatorship in Romania.
	lists.uua.org /pipermail/uua-l/Week-of-Mon-19970609/000112.html (224 words)

	ROMANIAN BISHOP PLANS NEW LIBEL SUIT AGAINST AP
		Tokes lost a law suit initiated by him against the American news agency, after it was acquitted of libel and the Bucharest Tribunal overturned a fine for moral damages of about $22,000 in November.
		Although he admitted that the Securitate approached him during Communism, Tokes objected to alleged suggestions in an AP story of June 1998 that his acts were harmful to others.
		Tokes, who received international awards, is regarded as an important voice of Romania's estimated two million ethnic Hungarians, who he believes still suffer under religious and other discrimination.
	www.assistnews.net /Stories/2002/s02010062.htm (493 words)

	News from July 27
		Reformed Bishop Tokes Laszlo accuses both the Union of Democratic Magyars of Romania and the Social Democratic Party - UDMR and PSD - of the fact that they did nothing so that the Reformed Churches should be given back to the respective community.
		Tokes said the policy of UDMR did not lead anywhere and that the partnership with PSD was of no good especially in as far as the Reformed Churches rerocession was concerned.
		Tokes Laszlo also accuses UDMR of agreeing with the omission by PSD from the basic Treaty between Romania and Hungary of the retrocession of the goods and assets of the Reformed Church.
	www.ici.ro /romania/en/stiri/arh2001/e_iul27.html (1808 words)

	Events That Took Place in the Communist Countries in 1989
		Afterwards, Tokes would always be in the attention of the Hungarian mass media.
		December 15th: A crowd gathered near Laszlo Tokes’ house, supporting him against the court decision that ordered his eviction.
		December 16th: The demonstration that began near Tokes’ house spread in the entire city of Timisoara.
	www.procesulcomunismului.com /marturii/fonduri/mmioc/anticomrev/docs/08.htm (742 words)

	Breaking Up the Eastern Bloc
		According to a Time magazine report, "A Revolution's Unlikely Spark" (Jan. 1, 1990), the Rev. Laszlo Tokes, of the Reformed Church, drew the wrath of the communist authorities after his repeated denunciations of Ceausescu's regime.
		In November, Tokes was beaten and stabbed by government thugs, yet refused to give into church officials who ordered him to transfer to a less volatile part of Romania.
		Tokes, a once obscure minister, has joined the ranks of Eastern Europe's foremost fighters for freedom.
	forerunner.com /forerunner/X0785_1990_-_Breaking_Up_E.html (564 words)

	Thursday, November 9, 1995 -- STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS (258) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Speaker, the Very Reverend Laszlo Tokes, moderator of the Hungarian Presbyterian Church in Transylvania, is visiting Canada from November 7 to 15.
		The Romanian revolution in December 1989 was sparked by Reverend Tokes.
		He will address in general the human rights problems facing all Romanian minorities, especially those of the nearly three million Hungarians in Transylvania: the loss of Hungarian language schools and universities, the prohibition of the use of the language itself and the eradication of fundamental Hungarian culture.
	www.parl.gc.ca /francais/hansard/previous/258_95-11-09/258SM1E.html (2401 words)

	café babel, European current affairs magazine : comment and analysis from Europe
		Laszlo Tokes, a Romanian priest of Hungarian origin, expressed his surprise at the ban prohibiting the screening of the Hungarian director’s film.
		Tokes, who is known for his nationalist and autonomist sentiments, stresses, “In the film I spoke of the injustice of the Treaty of Trianon, which took away two thirds of Hungarian territory.
		Tokes has, however, expressed the hope that the European Union could give Hungarians the right to survive because, “In a Europe without borders we cannot ask for territory, but we do want to have the right to determine our own autonomy.”
	www.cafebabel.com /en/printversion.asp?T=T&Id=3471 (751 words)

	RADOR: News from Romania, 98-06-29
		At the UDMR Council of Representatives' meeting on Sunday, UDMR Honorary President, Bishop Laszlo Tokes, has tried to respond to accusations concerning his alleged cooperation with former Securitate services.
		The UDMR honorary president said he had no relations with the former political polic2 while on the contrary, he was a victim of it.
		Bishop Tokes has also indicated he might be the "victim of some of his UDMR colleagues' intrigues".
	www.hri.org /news/balkans/rador/1998/98-06-29.rador.html (1065 words)

	MINELRES: Romania: Ethnic Diversity Briefs, No.34
		He sued UDMR in October, considering as illegal the decision made by the Union Representatives Board (CRU) that is next year to organize the 7th Congress of UDMR.
		Tokes demanded by his action to annul this decision and for the court to compel UDMR to organize internal elections.
		According to Tokes, the court's decision is declinable, as it does not have as basis the UDMR status passed in 1999, but from 1997.
	lists.delfi.lv /pipermail/minelres/2002-December/002438.html (1307 words)

	Divers - altfel despre minoritati (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Marko Bela claims the problems of the inter-ethnic relations must lose ''the political connotations'' and stresses upon the fact the establishment of the councils for cultural autonomy stipulated by the Law on the minorities are also a part of the complex decentralization process demanded by the European Commission.
		WHILE L. — The chairman of the National Ethnic Hungarian Council, the reformed pastor Laszlo Tokes, asked the important figures in the fields of church and public life in Romania, as well as to UDMR politicians to cease the enactment of the law on the statute of the minorities in Romania.
		According to Laszlo Tokes, the ethnic Hungarians in Transylvania need a law as regards the autonomy and not a law on the minorities.
	www.divers.ro /cgi-bin/buletin_en.py?id=149 (1221 words)

	Hungarian Adoptions - Local and Regional Adoption
		Laszlo S. Pandy-Szekeres was born in Hungary in 1919.
		Minority rights still ignored in Romania, says Laszlo Tokes.
		They were there to shield Rev. Laszlo Tokes, a cha...
	www.hungarianadoptions.com (281 words)

	IVP \| Quiet Time Bible Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		LASZLO TOKES WAS a pastor in Timisoara, Romania, during the reign of the communist regime under Ceausescu.
		We may never face circumstances like those of Laszlo Tokes, but doing what is right means little things: giving back extra change when a cashier makes a mistake or letting the cable company know about the free service that's been coming in.
		Whether the stakes are large or small, it takes the same character qualities of courage and moral strength to choose what is right.
	ivpress.gospelcom.net /bible/esther/esther04.shtml (307 words)

	Journal of Ecumenical Studies: Ethnicity as a theological concept: the thought of Laszlo Tokes.@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Ethnicity as a theological concept: the thought of Laszlo Tokes.
		One such Eastern European is Laszlo Tokes, Bishop of the Hungarian Reformed Church in Romania.
		Bishop Tokes professes an intrinsic link between his identity as a Christian and his identity as a Hungarian, and he does so in a way that is both thoughtful and provocative.
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?docid=1G1:54955754&refid=ink_tptd_mag (234 words)

	Day-by-Day History of the Romanian Revolution
		Father Laszlo Tokes speaks out publicly against Ceausescu in the town of Timisoara.
		Backed by thousands, the riot police arrived to try and remove Tokes and disperse the crowd.
		It is unclear when complete order was restored and even more unclear when Romania was able to regroup after these 11 days of revolution.
	www.ceausescu.org /ceausescu_texts/revolution/revolt_daybyday.htm (626 words)

	Concert by the Partium Christian University Choir in Toronto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The local performance and the accommodation for the members of the tour was arranged by the communities associated with the First Presbyterian Congregation and the St. Elizabeth Parish, therefore the leaders of these communities Rev. Vass (on the left) and Ft. Czabafi greeted the guests and the audience
		Bishop Tokes (on the left) and Bishop Tempfl addressed the audience before the entertainment part of the program started.
		They told us that the University is five years old, operating with a staff of 120 and teaches 600 student without support from the Romanian government.
	www.hccc.org /A1e/korus-e.shtml (297 words)

	Youth Talks: Full Text - A Candle in the Darkness
		Tokes preached the Gospel boldly, and within two years membership had swelled to five thousand.
		When Tokes peered out of the window, he was struck by the warm glow reflecting off hundreds of faces.
		They bashed in the church door, bloodied Pastor Tokes' face, then paraded him and his wife through the crowd and out into the night.
	www.youth.co.za /talks/talk003.htm (985 words)

	Project Romania - The Romanian Revolution
		The spark that ignited Romania came on December 15, 1989 when Father Laszlo Tokes spoke out publicly against the dictator (Ceausescu) from his small church in Timisoara.
		The following evening people gathered outside Father Tokes' home to protest the decision of the Reformed Church of Romania to remove him from his post.
		By 9pm this has turned into a noisy demonstration, and when the police began making arrests, the unrest spread to other parts of the city and armored cars began patrolling the streets.
	www.ummnorva.org /news/r_revolution.html (1546 words)

	The Collapse of Communism
		Every country behind the now fallen iron curtain is wide open to relief from the West, but more importantly a "Christian Renaissance" is occurring in nations long repressed by totalitarianism.
		The Rev. Laszlo Tokes, the Hungarian pastor who sparked the Romanian revolution, was in preparation for a show trial and expected to be executed the day that Nicolae Ceausescu was overthrown.
		Yet while Tokes put God at the head of the freedom revolution, the American media is missing the message.
	www.forerunner.com /forerunner/X0810_Collapse_of_Communis.html (1220 words)

	Find in a Library: With God, for the people : the autobiography of Laszlo Tokes as told to David Porter.
		Find in a Library: With God, for the people : the autobiography of Laszlo Tokes as told to David Porter.
		With God, for the people : the autobiography of Laszlo Tokes as told to David Porter.
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/6b7570d46da7bb79a19afeb4da09e526.html (65 words)

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