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Topic: Lateral rectus muscle

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	Lateral rectus muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The lateral rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit.
		It is one of six extraocular muscles that control the movements of the eye and the only muscle innervated by the abducens nerve, cranial nerve VI.
		Muscles of the Head — Neck — Trunk — Upper limb — Lower limb— LIST OF ALL MUSCLES
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lateral_rectus_muscle (319 words)

	Muscles of orbit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are seven muscles of the orbit; one controls the movement of the upper eyelid, and six others control the movement of the eye.
		All of the other muscles are controlled by the third cranial nerve, the oculomotor, which is so named because it is in charge of the movement (motor) of the eye (oculo-).
		Levator palpebrae superioris muscle - Superior rectus muscle - Inferior rectus muscle - Lateral rectus muscle - Medial rectus muscle - Superior oblique muscle - Inferior oblique muscle
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eye_muscle (431 words)

	eMedicine - Extraocular Muscles, Anatomy : Article by Robert H Graham, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The upper division of the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III) innervates the superior rectus and the levator palpebrae superioris muscles.
		The abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI) innervates the lateral rectus muscle.
		It passes posteriorly and laterally in the orbit, forming an angle of 51° with the visual axis of the eye in primary position, before passing beneath the inferior rectus muscle and inserting posterior to the equator on the inferior and lateral aspect of the globe.
	www.emedicine.com /oph/topic15.htm (1515 words)

	Ophthalmology Review:
		The purpose of this study was to present the results of recession of the lateral rectus muscle with Y-splitting in the treatment of upshoot and downshoot in Duane syndrome.
		Lateral rectus muscles recession from 5.0 to 9.0 mm and Y-splitting was accomplished in all patients.
		In 6 patients, the medial rectus muscles were recessed simultaneously from 5.0 to 6.0 mm to correct the associated marked globe retraction and ocular deviation.
	www.noorvision.com /weblog/archives/2004/01/treatment_of_up.html (232 words)

	Related WordNet synsets for SUMO concept Muscle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		the muscle that extends the forearm and abducts the ulna in pronation of the wrist
		a thin quadrilateral muscle at the junction of the thoracic and lumbar regions; acts to counteract the pull of the diaphragm on the ribs to which it is attached
		a muscle that flexes and supinates the forearm
	icosym-nt.cvut.cz /kifb-test/wordnet/_muscle.html (1014 words)

	Glossary of terms for bone and muscles. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Pertaining to a muscle of the groin and ilium.
		Pertaining to muscles in the lumbosacral region, the "tenderloin".
		Denoting a muscle that, upon contraction, rotates the forearm and hand with the palm facing anteriorly when the hand and forearm are in the anatomical position.
	sciweb.hfcc.net /Biology/AP/233/233Lab/233LP2/glossary.muscles.html (1363 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The inferior division of the oculomotor nerve innervates inferior rectus, inferior oblique, and medial rectus.
		The abducens nerve (CN VI) innervates the lateral rectus muscle.
		Stapedius is another muscle innervated by the facial nerve -- it serves to dampen the vibrations of the stapes and the tympanic membrane.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~benwei/cgi-data/shared/linked/Eye(PQ).doc (2811 words)

	lateral rectus muscle (anatomy) - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The lateral rectus muscle is one of the extrinsic muscles of the eye within each orbit.
		It arises from the lateral part of the tendinous ring in the posterior part of the orbit.
		Lateral rectus acts to abduct the eye from the midline.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/-66715569.htm (166 words)

	Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body - Composition and Central Connections of the Spinal Nerves - Yahoo! Education (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Most of the fibers of the lateral olfactory stria pass to the hippocampal region of the cortex, especially to the gyrus hippocampi, which may be regarded as the main ending place of the secondary olfactory path derived from axons of the mitral cells.
		The majority of the axons that arise from the mitral cells of the olfactory bulb and course in the olfactory tract course in the lateral olfactory stria to the uncus and hippocampal gyrus, and terminate in the cortex.
		The white matter of the indusium known as the medial longitudinal striæ (nerves of Lancisi) and the lateral longitudinal striæ, are related to the indusium somewhat as the cingulum is to the gyrus cinguli.
	messenger.yahooligans.com /reference/gray/subjects/subject?id=191 (8290 words)

	Who we are
		Her primary research interests are in area of the mechanical parameters and behavior of motor units used for fine motor control (such as extraocular and tongue muscles) and in the role of the vestibular system input on the development of skeletal muscle fiber types.
		Summation of extraocular motor unit tensions in the lateral rectus muscle of the cat.
		Relationship of the mechanical properties of the cat inferior oblique muscle to the anatomy of its motoneurons and nerve branches.
	www.vcu.edu /pt/whoweare/snydershall.html (581 words)

	Sixth Nerve Palsy
		Continuation of binocular vision is usually possible by maintaining the eyes in the lateral gaze position away from the palsied eye; this results in a compensatory horizontal face turn toward the palsied eye.
		In an eye with a totally paralyzed lateral rectus and esotropia in the range of 50 prism diopters, the medial rectus should be recessed approximately 12 mm.
		A muscle transfer procedure may be necessary to keep the eye in the straight position and also obtain some abducting force.
	www.members.aol.com /scottolitsky/cn6.htm (624 words)

	Yale- Cranial Nerve 6, pg. 5
		For eye movements in the horizontal plane, the lateral rectus muscle of one eye and the medial rectus muscle of the other eye must work precisely together.
		The actions of these muscles is coordinated by the lateral gaze center located in the pontine reticular formation.
		Inputs from higher centers of the brain synapse in the lateral gaze center, which then sends simultaneous signals to the ipsilateral abducens nucleus and to the contralateral occulomotor nucleus via the medial longitudinal fasciculus.
	info.med.yale.edu /caim/cnerves/cn6/cn6_5.html (191 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Damage to the lateral aspect of the optic chiasm, as may occur in the case of an aneurysm of the internal carotid artery, will affect the fibers of the ipsilateral temporal hemiretina (nasal visual field).
		The superior oblique muscle is one of the six extraocular muscles responsible for the precise movement of the eye for visual tracking or fixation on an object.
		The lateral rectus muscle is responsible for lateral gaze (its contraction causes the eye to be abducted).
	www.rootshell.be /~semey/cnerves.html (2460 words)

	Ophthalmology Review: Vertical Rectus Muscle Transposition for Bilateral Duane Syndrome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Augmented transposition of the superior and inferior rectus muscles to the lateral rectus muscle is effective surgical treatment for esotropia in unilateral Duane syndrome.
		Medial rectus muscle recession in bilateral Duane syndrome may increase the risk of consecutive exotropia and cause limitation to adduction postoperatively.
		Vertical rectus muscle transposition may be useful in bilateral Duane syndrome with esotropia.We undertook a retrospective review of 11 patients with bilateral Duane syndrome and esotropia in primary position.
	www.noorvision.com /weblog/archives/2005/12/vertical_rectus.html (141 words)

	Lateral rectus muscle - Voyager, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The lateral rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit that abducts the eyeball (makes it move outwards).
		It is the only muscle of the orbit innervated by the abducent nerve (Cranial Nerve VI).
		The origin for the lateral rectus is the annulus of Zinn at the orbital apex.
	www.voyager.in /Lateral_rectus_muscle (244 words)

	Eye Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The lateral rectus muscles abduct the eye (away from the nose) and the medial rectus muscles adduct the eye (towards the nose).
		All four of the muscles contribute a percentage of the vertical motion depending on the position of the eye.
		Cranial nerve VI innervates the lateral rectus muscle.
	cim.ucdavis.edu /Eyes/Version15/eyeText.htm (641 words)

	North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society-Committees
		Four of these are rectus muscles (superior, inferior, medial, and lateral) that attach to the front part of the eye (just behind the iris, the colored portion of the eye).
		The IVth nerve (trochlear) goes to the superior oblique muscle (which moves the eye down when it is in toward the nose).
		If there is interruption of signal to the VIth nerve (which innervates the lateral rectus muscle) the affected eye will not be able to move to the outside.
	www.nanosweb.org /patient_info/brochures/MicrovascularCranialNervePalsy.htm (1432 words)

	Abducens Nerve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The nerve passes lateral to the carotid artery prior to entering superior orbital fissure.
		The abducens nerve passes through the common tendonous ring of the four rectus muscles and then enters the deep surface of the lateral rectus muscle.
		The function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.
	www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn6.htm (146 words)

	Ocular Pathology Study Guide: Sixth Cranial Nerve
		The abducens nerve emerges from the ipsilateral abducens nucleus between the caudal pons beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle and the medulla (the pontomedullary junction).
		The lateral rectus muscle of the eye that the abducens nerve innervates is opposed by the action of the medial rectus muscle.
		Damage to the abducens nerve causes medial strabismus as the individual is no longer able to control lateral eye movement via the lateral rectus motor neurons.
	www.medrounds.org /ocular-pathology-study-guide/2005/10/sixth-cranial-nerve.html (359 words)

	Extraocular Motor Unit and Whole-Muscle Responses in the Lateral Rectus Muscle of the Squirrel Monkey -- Goldberg et ...
		The temporalis muscle was retracted, the lateral bony orbit was
		The responses of the lateral rectus muscle to stimulation of the whole abducens nerve were recorded as follows.
		Meredith MA, Goldberg SJ (1986) Contractile differences between muscle units in the medial rectus and lateral rectus muscles in the cat.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/18/24/10629 (6390 words)

	Yale- Cranial Nerve 6, pg. 1
		Somatic motor: innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the ipsilateral orbit.
		The lateral rectus muscle is one of the six extraocular muscles responsible for the precise movement of the eye for visual tracking or fixation on an object.
		The abducens nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the ipsilateral orbit.
	info.med.yale.edu /caim/cnerves/cn6/cn6_1.html (103 words)

	Moebius Syndrome
		This occurs because the abducens nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle, a muscle that moves the eye.
		When the lateral rectus muscle contracts, it draws the eyeball outward, away from the nose.
		Also, because the lateral rectus muscle is not innervated by the abducens, the muscle atrophies, creating an imbalance with the strong, normal medial rectus muscle.
	www.davidson.edu /academic/psychology/ramirezsite/neuroscience/psy324/sojohnson/pathology.htm (400 words)

	Stimulation-Evoked Eye Movements With and Without the Lateral Rectus Muscle Pulley -- Dimitrova et al. 90 (6): 3809 -- ...
		Büttner-Ennever JA, Horn AKE, Scherberger H, and D'Ascanio P. Motoneurons of twitch and nontwitch extraocular muscle fibers in the abducens, trochlear, and oculomotor nuclei of monkeys.
		Muscle units divided among retractor bulbi muscle slips and between the lateral rectus and retractor bulbi muscles in the cat.
		Relation between motoneuron position and lateral rectus motor unit contraction speed: and intracellular study in the cat abducens nucleus.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/90/6/3809 (3932 words)

	Lateral rectus variant mimicking orbital pathology -- ASSI and GHIACY 81 (2): 168 -- British Journal of Ophthalmology
		be an anatomical variant of the lateral rectus.
		of the lateral rectus muscle to the inferior tarsal plate, inferior
		Mechanism related to the lateral rectus muscle capable of retracting the outer canthus of the eye.
	bjo.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/81/2/168d (416 words)

	AAPOS
		Six muscles, which control the movement of the eye, are attached to the outside of the wall of the eye.
		The lateral rectus muscle pulls the eye out towards the ear and the medial rectus muscle pulls the eye in towards the nose.
		There is also irregular innervation of a branch from the third cranial nerve, which controls the medial rectus muscle (the muscle that rotates the eye toward the nose).
	www.aapos.org /displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=79 (777 words)

	TUBERCULOMA OF LEFT LATERAL RECTUS IN ORBIT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Swelling in the orbital muscles is not an uncommon presentation.
		A 27 year old female came with a history of swelling over the lateral side of her left eye of about a year’s duration.
		On examination, the left eye appeared inflamed in the region of the lateral rectus muscle.
	www.bhj.org /journal/special_issue_tb/SP_19.HTM (226 words)

	AOJ 43:5-14 "Electrophysiology and Pathology of Duane Retraction Syndrome" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In the most common form of this condition, there is mild limitation of adduction associated with narrowing of the lid fissure and retraction of the globe, and moderate to severe limitation of abduction with widening of the lid fissure.
		The areas of fibrosis within the lateral rectus muscle are areas that lack innervation.
		Patients with Duane retraction syndrome are able to make conjugate eye movements because of preservation of the internuclear neurons that receive input from both vestibular neurons and neurons subserving voluntary horizontal gaze originating in the cerebral cortex and that ascend via the medial longitudinal fasciculus to the subnucleus of the contralateral medial rectus muscle.
	www.aoj.org /abstracts/43/43_5.html (150 words)

	Extraocular Muscles
		The superior oblique muscle, although part of the cone-shaped annulus of Zinn, differs from the recti muscles in that before it attaches to the eye it passes through a ring-like tendon, the “trochlea” (which acts as a pulley), in the nasal portion of the orbit.
		The inferior oblique, which is not a member of the annulus of Zinn, arises from the lacrimal fossa in the nasal portion of the bony orbit and attaches to the inferior portion of the eye.
		Conversely, “adduction” is a horizontal movement toward the nose caused by a contraction of the MR muscle with an equal relaxation of the LR muscle.
	www.tedmontgomery.com /the_eye/eom.html (2013 words)

	UpToDate Causes of vertical strabismus in children
		Vertical strabismus usually is caused by weakness or restriction of one of the eight extraocular muscles involved in vertical eye positioning (show table 1).
		The superior oblique muscle is innervated by cranial nerve IV, the lateral rectus muscle by cranial nerve VI, and all others by cranial nerve III (show table 1).
		Thus, when the right lateral rectus muscle is activated to abduct the right eye, the left medial rectus muscle is activated equally to adduct the left eye.
	patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=ped_opth/6338 (434 words)

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