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Topic: Lateral ventricles

	MedFriendly.com: Lateral ventricles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The bottom of the lateral ventricle is known as the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle.
		The area that connects the lateral ventricles with the third ventricle is known as the interventricular foramen of Monro (also known as the interventricular foramen and the foramen of Monro).
		The choroid plexus, which are the blood vessels in the lateral ventricle that produce cerebrospinal fluid, are found in the central part of the lateral ventral and the inferior horn, but not in the anterior or posterior horns.
	www.medfriendly.com /lateralventricles.html (1084 words)

	LONI \| LONI Resource \| Resources \| Protocols \| Segmentation \| Ventricles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The lateral ventricles are divided into superior, posterior and inferior horns and should be contoured on coronal brain slices while referencing orthogonal planes to clarify neuroanatomical boundaries if necessary.
		The lateral segment of the superior horn should be traced beginning at the termination point of the medial segment.
		The medial and lateral segments of the posterior horn should continue in the directions of the medial and lateral segments of the superior horn.
	www.loni.ucla.edu /NCRR/Protocols/Segmentation_1.html (336 words)

	AANS.org \| Education and Meetings \| AANS Scientific Journals \| Neurosurgical Focus
		One patient suffered from recurrent shunt obstructions secondary to a shunt-induced migration of cysts from the posterior fossa to the lateral ventricles.
		The endoscopic removal of third and lateral ventricle cysticercal cysts, combined with a third ventriculostomy or septum pellucidotomy in selected cases, is an effective treatment in patients with hydrocephalus and should be considered the primary treatment for this condition.
		In five cases, the lateral and third ventricles were dilated, whereas the fourth ventricle was normal in size--a pattern interpreted to be consistent with aqueduct obstruction.
	aans.org /education/journal/neurosurgical/apr99/6-4-7.asp?... (6431 words)

	Evolution of the CSF system - Results - Frog
		At the caudal end of the third ventricle is the pineal, and at the rostral end of the midbrain ventricle is the sub-commissural organ.
		In the roof of the third ventricle the ependyma is thin and attenuated caudal to the choroid plexus fold, but caudal to this it forms a cluster of tall columnar cells with investing fibrous tissue which is the pineal gland.
		The ependyma of the midbrain ventricle is columnar in the dorsal midline, and at the rostral end forms a distinct collection of dark-staining cells which are ciliated, and this is the sub-commissural organ.
	www.badgerwood.co.uk /evocsffrg.html (1903 words)

	Korean Journal of Radiology
		Acute intraventricular hemorrhage in patients with lateral ventricular meningioma is exceedingly rare, though a few cases of lateral ventricular meningioma presenting with hemorrhage have been described in the literature (2-4).
		Most meningiomas of the lateral ventricles originate in the trigones of these chambers, extending into their bodies (3-7); they rarly arise in the foramen of Monro (2, 4, 6).
		Hemorrhage from a lateral ventricular meningioma does not usually require decompression such as ventricular drainage or shunt emplacement to relieve obstructive hydrocephalus, suggesting that such hemorrhages may be of venous origin, which is insufficient to obstruct CSF flow.
	www.kjronline.org /abstract/view_articletext.asp?year=2001&page=105 (1228 words)

	TheFetus.net - Ventriculomegaly, isolated -Gianluigi Pilu, MD
		Pathogenesis: In the majority of cases, isolated cerebral lateral ventriculomegaly is the consequence of an obstruction along the normal pathway of the cerebrospinal fluid (obstructive hydrocephalus).
		Under normal condition, the large fetal choroid plexus entirely fills the cavity of the lateral ventricle at the level of the atria, being closely apposed to both the medial and the lateral wall, irrespective of gestational age.
		A qualitative evaluation is acceptable, and the presence of the choroid plexus filling the cavity of the atrium, being closely apposed to both the medial and lateral wall of the ventricle, is indicative of normalcy.
	www.thefetus.net /page.php?id=141 (1852 words)

	Ventricular system -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It is filled with (Clear liquid produced in the ventricles of the brain; fills and protects cavities in the brain and spinal cord) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that is largely composed of water.
		CSF is produced by the (A vascular plexus of the cerebral ventricles that regulate intraventricular pressure) choroid plexus within the ventricles themselves and is reabsorbed in the (A space in the meninges beneath the arachnoid membrane and above the pia mater that contains the cerebrospinal fluid) subarachnoid space between brain and skull.
		Interestingly, scientific study of (An image produced by scanning) CAT scans of the ventricles in the late 1970s revolutionized the study of (Any disease of the mind; the psychological state of someone who has emotional or behavioral problems serious enough to require psychiatric intervention) mental illness.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/v/ve/ventricular_system.htm (310 words)

	Chapter 3
		The fourth ventricle continues caudally as the central canal of the medulla and spinal cord.
		The lateral ventricles follow a C-shaped course through all the lobes of the cerebrum and are divided into 4 parts:
		The wall of the 3rd ventricle is formed mostly by the thalamus and hypothalamus - the hypothalamus also forms part of the floor.
	www.unc.edu /~ears/classes/neuro/studyguides/sgventricles.html (376 words)

	University of Miami School of Medicine - Glossary - Ventricle, brain
		Ventricle, brain: One of a system of four communicating cavities within the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord.
		The third ventricle is a median (midline) cavity in the brain that is bounded by the thalamus and hypothalamus on either side.
		The ventricles are filled with cerebrospinal fluid, which is formed by structures called choroid plexuses located in the walls and roofs of the ventricles.
	www.med.miami.edu /glossary/art.asp?articlekey=9161 (230 words)

	MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BRAIN CORTEX AND LATERAL VENTRICLES IN EMBRYOGENESIS OF WHITE RAT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The stages of development of different cortex layers in the cerebral hemispheres, morphometric characteristics of the cortex and lateral ventricles and their relationship were studied in a series of sagittal sections of white rat embryos from 12 to 20 days of development.
		Morphometry showed that the cerebral cortex area increased and the area of lateral ventricles decreased with the development of cerebral cortex layers in hemispheres and differentiation of neurons in these layers.
		The data obtained may be used as reference in experimental study of the effect of damaging factors on morphogenesis of the cerebral hemispheres and brain lateral ventricles of one of the most frequently used laboratory animal - white rat.
	www.med.by /English/dn01_en/St18_1engl.htm (287 words)

	Ventricles
		The ventricles are cavities filled with spinal fluid located several centimeters deep to the cerebral cortex.
		The anterior horn of the lateral ventricle is the farthest forward part of the ventricular system and the part most accessible to a ventricular catheter placed into the the brain through an entry point in line with the pupil at the coronal suture.
		Lateral ventricles in hemispheres on either side of the corpus callosum.
	uscneurosurgery.com /infonet/glossary/v/ventricles.htm (361 words)

	Brain
		Each lateral ventricle is connected to the III ventricle by a narrow opening – the Foramen of Monro.
		The Fourth Ventricle – This ventricle is found between the brain stem and the cerebellum.
		Lateral regions of the hypothalamus – Stimulation of this area produces the feeling of hunger of thirst depending on the precise location stimulated.
	faculty.ucc.edu /biology-potter/brain.htm (2381 words)

	Radiology In Ped Emerg Med, Vol 5, Case 6
		Lateral ventricle size: In acute hydrocephalus, due to obstruction in the outflow of CSF, the lateral ventricles will be enlarged.
		The lateral border of the suprasellar cistern is formed by the uncal portion of the temporal lobes.
		Note that the fourth ventricle is at roughly the same level of the suprasellar cistern, but depending on the angle of the axial cut, the fourth ventricle may be seen in cuts above, below, or at the same level as the suprasellar cistern.
	www.hawaii.edu /medicine/pediatrics/pemxray/v5c06.html (1984 words)

	Reference ranges for the linear dimensions of the intracranial ventricles in preterm neonates -- Davies et al. 82 (3): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The width of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricles was measured in a coronal view, with the plane of the scan at the
		anterior horn width of the non-dependent ventricle was 1.3 (0.8)
		Asymmetry of the lateral ventricles occurs frequently in neonates.
	fn.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/82/3/F218 (2699 words)

	UNSW Embryology- Neural System Development - Cerebrospinal Fluid
		Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced mainly by the choroid plexus which is a structure lining the floor of the lateral ventricle and the roof of the third and fourth ventricles.
		Plexus tumors are most common in the lateral and fourth ventricles; while 80% of lateral ventricle tumors present in children, fourth ventricle tumors are evenly distributed in all age groups.
		CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) is produced by both choroid plexus (a structure lining the floor of the lateral ventricle (ventricle=the brain's interior fluid spaces) and the roof of the third and fourth ventricles) and weeping of tissue fluid by the brain into the ventricles.
	embryology.med.unsw.edu.au /Notes/neuron6.htm (2479 words)

	Evolution of CSF - Results - Goldfish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the forebrain the lateral ventricles are everted over the surface of the olfactory lobes as far as the sulcus which separates them from the inferior lobes, and they consist of two closely apposed layers of epithelium.
		The ventral component of this complicated midbrain ventricle is continuous with the hindbrain ventricle which lies in a superficial position between the rostral parts of the vagal lobe on each side, and further caudally consists of a narrow recess between the vagal lobes laterally and the facial lobes ventrally.
		The fourth ventricle choroid plexus consists of very simple folds of tall columnar epithelium with basally placed nuclei and a regular ciliated border with loose meningeal tissue and blood vessels within the folds; the meningeal tissue is an extension of the tela choroidea.
	www.badgerwood.co.uk /evocsfgdf.html (1823 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		They consist of vascular fringes of pia mater (tela choroidea) covered by cuboidal epithelial cells and are invaginated into the roofs of the 3rd and 4th ventricles and on the floors of the bodies and inferior horns of the lateral ventricles.
		Lateral ventricles — 1st & 2nd ventricles; largest cavities of the ventricular system and occupy large areas of the cerebral hemispheres; open into 3rd ventricle via interventricular foramen.
		Lateral aperature (of Luschka) — pair of aperatures draining CSF from 4th ventricle to subarachnoid space.
	www.med.unc.edu /wms/firstaid/ga4-session31-02.doc (934 words)

	Neurological Research: FGF-2 immunoreactivity in adult rat ependyma and choroid plexus: Responses to global forebrain ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Similar patterns of FGF-2 IR were seen in the CP epithelia of both lateral and third ventricles, as well as in ependymal cells of the third ventricle and along lateral sides of the lateral ventricles.
		In contrast, along the medial sides of the lateral ventricles, adjacent to brain structures such as the hippocampus, consistent staining was seen along the basal aspect of the ependymal cells.
		Similar patterns of FGF-2 IR in the CPe of both lateral and third ventricles, as well as in the ependyma of the third ventricle and along lateral sides of the lateral ventricles, were observed.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3909/is_200106/ai_n8956320 (1466 words)

	U/S Clinics: Diagnosing and managing mild fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly - Contemporary OB/GYN
		The cerebral ventricles, which are interconnected cavities, develop from the neural tube and derive their names according to their locations in the brain.
		The lateral ventricles consist of three horns (anterior, posterior, and inferior), a body, and an atrium.
		In hydrocephaly, the lateral ventricles are also dilated, but as a result of increased cerebrospinal fluid and raised intraventricular pressure.
	www.contemporaryobgyn.net /obgyn/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=123815 (2687 words)

	Neuroendoscopy, Institute for Neurology and Neurosurgery... has been one of the fastest growing technologies in ...
		Hydrocephalus due to post-infectious multiloculated ventricles, suprasellar arachnoidal cysts or trapped lateral ventricles can be difficult to manage, frequently requiring multiple shunts or open craniotomy.
		In 1992 report was published on the use of endoscopes to treat 7 children with multiloculated ventricles due to ventriculitis (infection within the brain's fluid spaces).
		A 1991 article described one group's treating of blocked ventricles by fenestrating either the cyst walls or septum pellucidum (a curtain dividing the two lateral ventricles) to create a singles CSF space so the patient only required a single shunt.
	nyneurosurgery.org /edoscopy_fenest.html (477 words)

	University of Miami School of Medicine - Glossary - Interventricular foramen
		Interventricular foramen: An opening between the lateral and third ventricles in a system of four communicating cavities within the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord.
		The four ventricles consist of the two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle and the fourth ventricle:
		The lateral ventricles communicate with the third ventricle through the interventricular foramen (opening).
	www.med.miami.edu /glossary/art.asp?articlekey=9169 (234 words)

	Distribution of doublecortin expressing cells near the lateral ventricles in the adult mouse brain. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Distribution of doublecortin expressing cells near the lateral ventricles in the adult mouse brain.
		Distribution of doublecortin expressing cells near the lateral ventricles in the adult mouse brain.Dcx-positive cells did not express molecules found in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, or microglia.
		Our results suggest that the distribution of cells comprising the walls of the lateral ventricle are more heterogeneous than was thought previously, that SVZ cells may migrate dorsally and ventrally away from the SVZ, and that some emigrated cells express a neuronal phenotype.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/10318822.html (277 words)

	Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism - NADPH-Diaphorase Neurons Contacting the Cerebrospinal Fluid in the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The data were expressed as the cumulative number of all positive neurons counted in both lateral ventricles along their frontotemporal parts or in the third ventricle.
		Interstitial neurons contacting the CSF were evident in the white matter of the corpus callosum and of the external capsule surrounding the frontal and temporal parts of the lateral ventricles.
		The former have morphologic characteristics (Table 1) and distribution patterns like those in the lateral ventricles, so that it is conceivable that such neurons play a unitary role in the different ventricles.
	www.nature.com /jcbfm/journal/v16/n3/full/9590062a.html (3370 words)

	The atria of the fetal lateral ventricles: a sonographic study of normal atrial size and choroid plexus volume -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The atria of the fetal lateral ventricles: a sonographic study of normal atrial size and choroid plexus volume -- Hilpert et al.
		The atria of the fetal lateral ventricles: a sonographic study of normal atrial size and choroid plexus volume
		The atrium of the lateral ventricle was measured in the
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/abstract/164/3/731 (362 words)

	Radial glia-like cells at the base of the lateral ventricles in adult mice.
		Radial glia-like cells at the base of the lateral ventricles in adult mice.The RG-like cell processes were associated with a high density of doublecortin-positive cells.
		In contrast to vimentin, at later stages BLBP and GLAST were found in RG-like cell somata but not in their processes.
		During examination of the response of SVZ astrocytes to brain injury in adult mice, we serendipitously found a population of cells in the walls of the ventral lateral ventricle (LV) that were morphologically similar to RG.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/10498439.html (359 words)

	Cancer - Brain Tumor Registry Reporting Presentation Slide 34 - NPCR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The ventricles contain cerebrospinal fluid that is produced by the choroid plexus, and flows through the ventricles and the subarachnoid space of the meninges.
		Two ventricles enclosed in the cerebral hemispheres are called the lateral ventricles.
		The third ventricle is in the bottom center of the brain and its walls are made up of the thalamus and hypothalamus.
	www.cdc.gov /cancer/NPCR/training/ppt/slides/034.htm (384 words)

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