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Topic: Latgalian language

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	Latgalian language Information
		Latgalian language developed since 18th century as a literary tradition based on vernaculars spoken by Latvians in the Eastern part of Latvia.
		Latgalian survived as a spoken language during the Soviet annexation of Latvia (1940-1991); printed literature in Latgalian virtually ceased between 1959 and 1989.
		Latgalian is a member of the Eastern Baltic branch of the Baltic group of languages included in the family of Indo-European languages.
	www.bookrags.com /Latgalian_language (774 words)

	[No title]
		Latgalian language is spoken in the Baltic country of Latvia, mostly in its Eastern part – Latgola (where Latgalian is a more common language in public) and also in families and small communities of people originating from Latgola and living in the capital city Riga.
		In 1919, Latgalian was declared as the official language in Latgola alongside Latvian and Russian.
		Latgalian was taught at schools in Latgola until 1934, when the Latvian nationalist K.Ulmanis established an authoritarian regime and prohibited public usage of the Latgalian language.
	www.geocities.com /latgalian (893 words)

	Latgale Research Center - Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Lithuanian is consign the oldest spoken Baltic language and the oldest spoken Indo-European language.
		This was the language of the Curonians which, based on the ancient dialeot of the Curonians, Vends and Semigallians, became the Baltic Latvian language (Low Latvian).
		By the time of the national awakening, the language had survived as a distinct entity whose importance was recognized by the intelligentsia in their national movement.
	www.hood.edu /academics/html/latgale/language.shtml (435 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The term Latgalians (also spelt Latgallians and sometimes known as Lettigalls, Latgolans, or Lettigallians) can refer to the inhabitants of the Latgale region in eastern Latvia in general, the ethnic Latvians of Latgale (especially those who speak the Latgalian language), or to the ancient Baltic tribe.
		In Latgalian, the terms latgalÄ«Å¡i and latgali have been traditionally used as synonyms describing both the ancient and contemporary Latgalians as a part of the same continuum.
		The Latgalian language is mostly used at home in rural areas and Latvian is overwhelmingly used in official use and in urban areas.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Latgalians (922 words)

	U.S.ENGLISH Foundation Official Language Research - Latvia: Background
		The language is spoken by the population of Latgale (Latgola, a region of Eastern Latvia).
		Latgalian is the Baltic language, closely related to Latvian and Lithuanian, although the exact nature of this “closeness” is under debate.
		Currently, Latgalian has a dubious legal status: while the state does not accept this language in public administration or as a mean of instruction in schools, the Latgalian written language is acknowledged only as a “historical form of the Latvian language” and state support to its preservation and development has been declared (Section 3, par.
	us-english.org /foundation/research/olp/viewResearch.asp?CID=47&TID=2 (2478 words)

	Clinton Goveas :: Wikipedia Reference
		Language and citizenship laws have been opposed by many Russophones (Latvian is the official language and citizenship was not automatically extended to some former Soviet citizens - mostly ethnically Russian - who settled during the occupation, or to their descendants).
		The official language of the Republic of Latvia is Latvian.
		The Latgalian language or dialect is present in Latgale (also the written tradition - see Latgalian language).
	www.clintongoveas.com /wikipedia/?title=Latvia (4347 words)

	Latvian language information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Latvian belongs to the Eastern Baltic sub-group of the Baltic language group in the Indo-European language family, and it is neither Germanic or Slavic.
		Latvian emerged as a distinct language in the 16th century, having evolved from Latgalian and assimilating Curonian, Semigallian and Selonian on the way.
		The closest ties the Baltic languages have are with the Slavic and Germanic languages.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Latvian_language (1608 words)

	MERCATOR :: Dossier 1: State Language Law
		Research papers qualifying for a scientific degree shall be submitted in the state language or in a foreign language accompanied by a translation of a comprehensive summary in the state language.
		Subtitles in the state language shall be placed in the foreground and shall not be smaller in size or less complete in content than the subtitles in the foreign language.
		In cases when a foreign language is used along with the state language, the text in the state language shall be placed in the foreground and shall not be smaller in size or less complete in content than the text in the foreign language.
	www.ciemen.org /mercator/butlletins/39-17.htm (2556 words)

	Latvian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Baltic languages are of particular interest to linguists because they retain many archaic features believed to have been present in the early stages of the Proto-Indo-European language.
		There is evidence to suggest the existence of a Balto-Slavic language group after the break-up of Proto-Indo-European, with the Slavic and Baltic languages then splitting perhaps around the 10th century BC.
		The Eastern Baltic languages split from the Western Baltic ones (or, perhaps, from the hypothetic proto-Baltic language) between 400 and 600.
	www.selfobjects.com /mediawiki/index.php/Latvian_language (2033 words)

	Latvian
		Languages of the World is brought to you by the National Virtual Translation Center.
		It was given the status of the official state language in 1989, two years prior to the country's independence from the former Soviet Union in 1991.
		Latvian is considered to be a Category II language in terms of difficulty for speakers of English.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/december/Latvian.html (869 words)

	Latgalian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Latgalian language developed from the 18th century as a literary tradition based on vernaculars spoken by Latvians in the eastern part of Latvia.
		Many Latgalian books in late 18th and early 19th century were authored by Jesuit priests, who came from various European countries to Latgale as the north-eastern outpost of the Roman Catholic religion; their writings included religious literature, calendars and poetry.
		A notable achievement during this period was the original translation of the New Testament into Latgalian by the priest and scholar Aloizijs Broks, published in Aglona in 1933.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Latgalian_language (996 words)

	Latvian Language Facts
		The Latvian language is spoken by 1.5 million people primarily by the Latvian population in Latvia, where it is the official language, and secondarily by the non-Latvian population in the same country.
		Latvian language formed until 16th century on the basis of Latgalian accumulating Curonian, Semigallian and Selonian languages (all are Baltic languages).
		Latvian is one of two extant Baltic languages, a group of its own within the family of Indo-European languages.
	www.languagehelpers.com /languagefacts/latvian.html (323 words)

	History of Lithuania Balts Slavs Slavonic Sarmatia Sarmatian Prussia East Nord Scandinavia Nation book
		Thus we have no data enough to maintain that at the beginning of the Middle Ages the conditions were favourable for the language of the Lithuanian and Neruvian (?) tribes to separate, as was the case with the Latgalian language.
		Thus, the Latgalians whose position was rather weak were just forced by Lithuanian dukes to pay regular tributes, had castles freely erected on their lands by the Lithuanians; the process of the Latgalians becoming northern Lithuanians took place.
		The early transition to the Russian language was stimulated by the transit position of this area between Novgorod and Kiev and a rather remote position from the lands of the primary Lithuanian confederation.
	www.lietuvos.net /istorija/east_balts/balts.htm (3692 words)

	Bilaga enligt sidan 3
		Languages can be said to have different rank according to a linguistic worldwide system which is subject to constant change and which we all help to influence by virtue of our choice of languages and attitudes towards them.
		Passive assimilation: The dominant group is indifferent as to whether or not minority languages are spoken, as long as the dominant group's language is the language of interaction in public domains.
		In Latgalia almost all Latgalians speak Latgalian, however their children must learn in schools with Latvian or Russian as languages of instruction since schools with Latgalian as the language of instruction were closed after the coup d'etat on May 15, 1934.
	www.scania.org /blogg/2005/mar/juris.htm (1617 words)

	Official Language Law
		The use of the official language in regard to education shall be determined by the laws regulating education.
		The subtitles in the official language shall be placed in the primary position, and they may not, in their form or content, be smaller or narrower than the subtitles in the foreign language.
		If a foreign language is used concurrently with the official language, the text in the official language shall be placed in primary position, and it may not, in its form or contents, be smaller or narrower than the text in the foreign language These provisions do not apply to goods intended for export.
	isec.gov.lv /normdok/oflanglaw.htm (2631 words)

	Latgale Research Center - The Works of Leonard Latkovski Sr. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		He was completely and unfailingly a Latgalian, a patriot, an unrelenting defender of the Latgalian language and culture.
		It was during this time that Latgalian refugees scattered throughout the different refugee camps established contact with one another and renewed their cultural work, scholarly efforts and publications.
		He became a mainstay of the Department of Foreign Languages and a popular figure on the college campus where he was referred to as “the Professor”.
	www.hood.edu /academics/html/latgale/latkovski.shtml (1778 words)

	MINELREL-L Archive (05022001-18:08:48-25382)
		Earlier, his wife, Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, of Roskilde University, also in Denmark, warned that 90 percent of the languages currently spoken in the world may be dead by the end of the century.
		Latgalian, spoken by 150,000 to 200,000 speakers, is a separate language, says Cybuls, and should have official status in Latgale.
		Mark Diachkov of Moscow State University told delegates at the conference that the outlook is bleak for the languages of the 172 ethnic groups that identified themselves in a recent survey of the Russian Federation.
	www.minelres.lv /minelres/archive/05022001-18:08:48-25382.html (925 words)

	Latgale - Latgola
		In Latvia two traditions of writing have emerged in the course of history: the Latvian literary or common language and the Latgalian written language, which is a regional characteristic.
		Under the Soviet domination the use of the Latgalian language was restricted.
		Noteworthy are the castle mounds of ancient Latgalians (Jersika in the Preili district), the ruins of the crusaders' castles built in the period of the Livonian state (Ludza, Rezekne, Dinaburg, etc.), the Polish and Russian fortification systems from the Middle Ages, the 16
	dau.lv /ld/latgale(english).html (1919 words)

	Latvia Resource Center - latvia girls (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The official language of the Republic of Latvia is riga latvia Latvian.
		The Latvian language, like Lithuanian and the extinct Old Prussian language, belongs to the Baltic language group of the Indo-European language family and is neither Germanic nor Slavic.
		The Latgalian language is widespread in Latgale, though authorities consider it a dialect of Latvian for political reasons.
	www.taxgloss.com /Tax-Banks_L_-_O-/Latvia.html (1485 words)

	The Historical Grammar of Lithuanian language by Cyril Babaev
		The Lithuanian language is included in the Baltic group of Indo-European languages and represents (together with existing Latvian, extinct Latgalian and Semigalian languages) the West Baltic subgroup.
		The language is believed to be one of the most conservative in the whole Indo-European family and so one of the closest to the Common Indo-European stage of language.
		The noun has 7 cases, 3 numbers (in classical Lithuanian, while in modern colloquial language the dual number is seldom used) and 2 genders, as neuter disappeared earlier in Baltic languages and was preserved just in some adjective forms.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /project/grammar/grammar11.html (2748 words)

	Latgale Research Center - Latgalians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The term Latgalians refers to the present-day inhabitants of the region of Latgale.
		The Latgalians have a history, culture, religion and tradition that is very closely related to, yet separate from that of the Latvian inhabitants of the other regions, Kurzeme, Vidzeme and Zemgale.
		They speak Latgalian, a language with its own literary tradition which is distinct from Latvian.
	wyrd.hood.edu /~swallow/product/latgalians.shtml (285 words)

	ETYMOLOGY, LINGUISTICS, LANGUAGE IN LIBERTARIANISM - the language of liberty, a Libertarian Think Tank with the ...
		After the coup staged by Karlis Ulmanis in 1934 severe limitations on the use of Latgalian language were introduced.
		Latgalian survived as a spoken language during the Soviet annexation of Latvia (1940-1991);
		Latgalian was taught as a separate language in schools of Latvia (until 1934, before authoritarian regime) and in the Union of Soviet
	rexcurry.net /words.html (3080 words)

	Latgalian/Latvia
		But in Latvia, where language regulators are busy reining in Russian following 50 years of Soviet rule and entrench Latvian as the state’s official language, Latgalian enjoys no more regard than a backward country cousin.
		There is a loud debate among linguists over whether Latgalian is a separate language or a dialect deserving no special status, but Cibuls believes the authorities don’t want any linguistic divisions which might support the cause of Russian-speakers who account for over one-third of Latvia’s 2.4 million residents.
		The Latgalians were the largest of many ancient tribes who integrated over the centuries to become what are known today as Latvians.
	www.balticsww.com /latgalian.htm (657 words)

	LVASA
		On 15 March 179 schoolchildren from all over Latvia and their language teachers gathered in the Assembly hall of the Faculty of Modern Languages, University of Latvia, to participate in the public speaking competition “Language is the place where minds, souls and humans meet”.
		Among the presenters was Aigars Runčis, form 12, with his convincing, emotional and expressive speech “The Latgalian language – a shame or a pride”.
		Diekhaus, Chair of the Language department of Goethe institute (please, see the picture), Mr J.Valdmanis, Director of the State Language Agency, Mr M.Krastiņs, Chair of the Curriculum Development and Examination Centre of the Ministry of Education and science of Latvia, Mr J.Tiltiņš, Chair of the information centre of the British Council.
	www.lvasa.lv /konkurss_eng.php?arch=0 (625 words)

	Web Directory » Web Directory » Society » Issues » Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Forgetting Latgalian - Article concerning the politics of distinguishing between a language and a dialect.
		Language Problems and Language Planning - International multi-lingual journal that publishes articles primarily on political, sociological, and economic aspects of language and language use.
		Nationalism and Language - An essay by Bozidar Jaksic on linguistic identity and policy in the Balkans.
	www.dcpages.com /DC_ODP/?c=Society/Issues/Language (257 words)

	Latgale.LV - About Latgale - History
		In Latvia two spelling traditions have appeared historically: the Latvian literary or common national language and the Latgalian literary language as a regional phenomenon.
		The Latgalian spelling emerged as a result of administrative division of the Latvian ethnic territory, when in the early 17th century the eastern part, or Latgale of that time, remained under Polish rule and the impact of Catholicism, while Vidzeme was under Swedes and the Lutheran impact.
		The literary heritage written in the Latgalian language is very rich – sacral literature, calendars, newspapers, journals, poetry and short stories.
	www.latgale.lv /en/about/history (585 words)

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