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	Latifundia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The basis of the latifundia in Italy and Sicily was the ager publicus that fell to the dispensation of the state through Rome's policy of war in the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD.
		The prototypical latifundia were the Roman estates in Magna Graecia (the south of Italy) and in Sicily, which distressed Pliny the Younger (died AD 79) as he travelled, seeing only slaves working the land, not the sturdy Roman farmers who had been the backbone of the Republic's army.
		Latifundia expanded with conquest, to the Roman provinces of the maghreb and in Hispania Baetica, the south of Spain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Latifundia (1230 words)

	Latifundia: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The basis of the latifundia in Italy and Sicily was the ager publicus that fell to the dispensation of the state through Rome's policy of war in the 1st century BC and the 1st century 1st century quick summary:
		Livestock refers to domesticated animals, that may be kept or raised in pens, houses, pastures, or on farms as part of an agricultural or farming operation,...
		Modern South American latifundia are blamed for economic inequality and strife.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/la/latifundia.htm (2446 words)

	Latifundia - TheBestLinks.com - Argentina, Cattle, Egypt, Economies of scale, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The latifundia were the closest approximation to industrialized agriculture in Antiquity, and their economics depended upon slave labor.
		The basis of the latifundia in Italy and Sicily was the ager publicus that fell to the dispensation of the state through Rome's policy of war in the 1st century BCE and the 1st century CE.
		The prototypical latifundia were the Roman estates in Magna Graecia (the south of Italy) and in Sicily, which distressed Pliny (died 79 CE) as he travelled, seeing only slaves working the land, not the sturdy Roman farmers who had been the backbone of the Republic's army.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Latifundia.html (740 words)

	Lenin: 1915/newdev: 8. Displacement of Small by Big Enterprises. Quantity of Improved Land
		The most important are: the break-up of the slave-holding latifundia in the South; the growth of large-scale extensive farming operations in the extensive area of the North; the most rapid development of capitalism in the intensive area of the North, where farms are, on the average, the smallest.
		This is a familiar picture: the slave-holding latifundia of the South, and the even vaster latifundia of the West, the latter being partly the foundation of the most extensive stock-raising, and partly reserve tracts of land occupied by “settlers” and resold or (less often) leased to real farmers improving the “Far West”.
		America demonstrates clearly that it would be imprudent to confuse the latifundia with large-scale capitalist agriculture, and that the latifundia are frequently survivals of pre-capitalist relationships—slave-owning, feudal or patriarchal.
	www.marxists.org /archive/lenin/works/1915/newdev/8.htm (1960 words)

	Towards a better distribution of land
		Latifundia deprive a vast number of people of the right to take part in the process of production through their own labour and to take care of their own needs, and those of their families, the community and nation to which they belong.29
		The social teaching of the Church condemns not only latifundia and misappropriation of land as contrary to the principle that earthly goods are meant for everyone, but also various forms of exploitation of human labour, especially when it is rewarded with wages or other forms of payment that are unworthy of human dignity.
		The social teaching of the Church condemns both latifundia as the expression of a socially irresponsible use of the right to property and as a serious obstacle to social mobility, and also State ownership of land as leading to a depersonalisation of civil society.
	www.catholic-ew.org.uk /briefing/9802/9802001.htm (12107 words)

	Lenin: 1915/newdev: 9. Continued. Statistics on the Value of Farms
		We find a growth of latifundia in the populated industrial North: this applies to the number of farms of this type, their total acreage, their improved acreage, their share in the total value of all farm property (2.5% in 1900; 2.8% in 1910), and their share in the total value of all implements and machinery.
		In the most intensive divisions, there is a decrease in the average improved acreage in farms because the average is obtained by combining the acreage of the latifundia and that of the smallest farms, the number of which is increasing more rapidly than that of the medium-size farms.
		The net result is the greatest gains by the latifundia and the giant farms, the obliteration of the medium and small farms, and the growth of the smallest highly capitalist enterprises.
	www.marxists.org /archive/lenin/works/1915/newdev/9.htm (1054 words)

	Latifundia - Ancient Roman Empire Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The latifundia were born, where you could farm the land more efficiently with slave labor on large scale, handing over handsome dividends to their rich politician owners.
		Though the latifundia could be said to have resulted in greater agricultural output for the Republic as a whole, the cost was her soul.
		The Latifundia (spelling humbly corrected (IMG:style_emoticons/default/whistling.gif)) are supposed to ahve been large slave run estates that started in the middle of the second century.
	www.unrv.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=2721 (2153 words)

	Land reform (Land settlement and cooperatives) - Réforme agraire (Colonisation et coopératives agricoles) ...
		In turn, the relative isolation and independence of the latifundia laid the foundation for the intense regionalism and conservatism of the era.
		The partial dissolution of the latifundia in Honduras was due to an agrarian reform process.
		Therefore, it was principally the medium and large ranches that benefited from the partial dissolution of the latifundia.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/V9828T/v9828t10.htm (14473 words)

	The Citizens' Press : An Examination of FSLN Reformism in Nicaragua (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Their immediate goal was the overthrow of the Somoza dictatorship and to put an end to the oppressive “Latifundia” economic structure which it perpetuated.
		The main focus of the FSLN land reform program was the dismantling of the old Latifundia land tenure structures and their replacement with more equitable and sustainable agrarian projects.
		Though the Sandinistas were an outright negation of the Latifundia land tenure system which existed in Nicaragua these reforms were limited in addressing the real root of peasant and worker oppression.
	www.citizenspress.org /tiki-read_article.php?articleId=19 (3339 words)

	In Defence of Marxism - The Bolivarian Revolution takes new steps against capitalism expropriating factories and landed ...
		As Genaro Mendez, president of FEDENAGA, the association of cattle ranchers and latifundia owners said, "the problem is not just La Marquesena, the land that is threatened is those of the whole of Venezuela, and we will assume the defence of all producers".
		In response to these advances in the struggle against latifundia in Venezuela, the hired thugs of the landowners attacked the house of Minister Albarran in Sabaneta (Barinas) in the early hours of last Wednesday in a shooting spree.
		The problem is that it is precisely the chains of the nation state and private property of the means of production which condemn millions of human beings all over the world to hunger, misery, scourges which could be easily eradicated on the basis of a nationalised and democratically planned economy.
	www.marxist.com /bolivarian-revolution-expropriating.htm (2379 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Modern scholars use the word latifundia to describe the formation of large Italian estates with an area of more than 250 hectares (61,776 acres) worked by gangs of chained slaves from the early-second century b.c.
		The extensive latifundia engaged in numerous economic activities, including specialized slave handicrafts, and they supposedly originated from an allocation of public lands and amalgamation of small peasant farms.
		There is little evidence for the use of the word latifundia by Latin authors, and no ancient definition survives.
	ebookpreview.abc-clio.com /ebooks/1576076563/pg_398.asp (779 words)

	Bolivia
		Originally it wanted to destroy the latifundia as a source of political power)only 2% of the adult population had participated in elections up to then).
		It should be noted that the law did not considered a large landholding a latifundia if capital had been invested in order to purchase modern machinery, or the landowner directly worked the land or lived on it.
		The latifundia which had accounted for 0.9 of all farms in 1953, 10 years later represented 0.43% - thus their numbers declined.
	www.unm.edu /~nvaldes/350/bolivia.htm (1305 words)

	Land Structure and the City in 19th Century Latin America
		The rural sector encompassed the majority of the population (except Argentina), most of the labor force was occupied in agricultural production and represented the largest percent of the national income.
		The latifundia with its monopoly over land and labor constituted the most important economic organization during the 19th century.
		On the relationship between latifundia and control of a rural labor force there is much material.
	www.unm.edu /~nvaldes/350/struct.htm (681 words)

	Cicero. Part 2/4: His Finest Hour
		The second and first centuries BC saw a shift in rural land holding from small estates of a size sufficient to support a landowner capable of military service and his household in an idealised simple lifestyle to enormous estates (latifundia) owned by city-dwellers and worked by chain gangs of slaves.
		This meant increasing levels of rural poverty, as the small landowners were unable to compete with the large estates, and a drift to the cities, and Rome in particular, with a corresponding increase in urban poverty as well.
		Many of the latifundia had been built up by rich and influential people quietly taking over state land.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/18302/104992 (379 words)

	Wikinfo \| Latifundia
		The prototypical latifundia were the Roman estates in Magna Graecia (the south of Italy) and in Sicily, which distressed Pliny (died AD 79) as he travelled, seeing only slaves working the land, not the sturdy Roman farmers who had been the backbone of the Republic's army.
		Labor was inexpensive (peasants) or nearly without cost (slave), making the estates highly profitable.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Latifundia (763 words)

	Agrarian Programme of S.-D. in Russian Revolution
		Either the latifundia remain, and gradually become the basis of capitalist economy on the land.
		He needs "redistribution" on a vast scale, which means the nationalisation of all lands, in order to shake himself free from the toils of the Middle Ages, in order to "clear" the land, in order that its utilisation should be brought into line with the new economic conditions.
		The abolition of the feudal latifundia will hasten the differentiation of the peasantry and strengthen the peasant bourgeoisie, which is already carrying out capitalist renting of land (recall the data quoted earlier about renting of land among the higher groups of the peasantry).
	www.marx2mao.com /Lenin/APSD08.html (7077 words)

	Second Century - Domestic Difficulties
		He was a Roman whose family was of plebeian origin, but had clearly integrated into the ranks of the elite and were allied in politics and marriage with the Scipiones.
		Moreover, there was a law on the books which said that no one Roman could lease more than 500 iugera personally (an additional 500 acres was ok if you had 2 sons) (a iugera was about.6 acres) of the ager publicus.
		This meant that urban citizens wouldn't be ruined by fluctuations (inevitable and manufactured) in the price of imported grain (since going to latifundia, Rome had become dependent on imported grain) [cf.
	abacus.bates.edu /~mimber/Rciv/2nd.cen2.htm (2514 words)

	[No title]
		Abstract: This paper uses extensive micro-level data from Argentine agriculture circa 1880-1914 to explore various hypotheses relating to the supposed unusual and favored position enjoyed by the owner-operated large scale estates (latifundia) on the pampas as compared to small-scale units operated by cash tenants and sharecroppers.
		I have access to several data sets which allow me to explore whether tenancy and scale mattered as determinants of technique and efficiency in the rural estates of Buenos Aires province at the turn of the century, and I obtain some surprising results.
		I conclude that the case against the latifundia, and the pessimistic conventional view of tenant farming on the pampas rests, at present, on little firm quantitative evidence.
	www.nber.org /RePEc/nbr/nberhi/nberhi1997.rdf (1789 words)

	Latifundia (Hacienda)
		Latifundia are overdimensional pieces of landed property covering tremendous areas.
		It is hardly possible to break out of the system as there is nowhere else to find work.
		The coexistence of latifundia and minifundia (marginal farms), abundance and destitution, is hardly as marked in any agrarian system as this case.
	www.professor-frithjof-kuhnen.de /publications/man-and-land/1-2-2-2.htm (383 words)

	Agrarian Prog . . . First Russian Revolution - pt. 1
		The stress is laid not upon the feudal class character of the latifundia in Russia, but upon the possibility of reconciling the classes, of satisfying the peasant without injuring the landlord; in short, upon the possibility of bringing about the notorious "social peace".
		Since the Russian peasant is crushed by the feudal latifundia, for that reason both the free settlement of the population over the territory of Russia and the rational economic use of the bulk of her borderlands are incredibly retarded.
		That the feudal latifundia in central agricultural Russia are having a disastrous effect upon the whole social system, upon social development as a whole, upon the entire condition of agriculture, and upon the whole standard of living of the masses of the peasantry, is a matter of common knowledge.
	www.marx2mao.com /Lenin/APFR07i.html (14422 words)

	Graham Stevenson: Spartacus - the leader of the world's most successful slave revolt
		The latifundia, unlike family owned peasant smallholdings were highly vulnerable to armed attack and the slave population was an instantly recognisable source of potential hostility.
		As long as slave holding was relatively domestic in character, slaves did not act and think as a dispossessed class.
		The latifundia changed all that by collectivising the economic role of the slave and, in doing so, contradicted earlier experience.
	graham.thewebtailor.co.uk /archives/000043.html (11232 words)

	The GULLY \| Americas \| Cuba's Sugar Roulette
		No wonder Castro's "first object of attack was the sugar industry, the monoculture it encouraged, the foreign-owned latifundia on which it was erected, and the landless peasantry it created," as the distinguished historian Eric Williams put it.
		The 1959 Agrarian Reform Law, which was enormously popular in Cuba, even among many who would later flee to Miami, expropriated large latifundia, with compensation in the form of bonds issued in Cuban currency and maturing in 20 years.
		Eisenhower retaliated by slashing Cuba's sugar quota in 1960.
	www.thegully.com /essays/cuba/000305roulette.html (402 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Labour and Labour Legislation
		By the beginning of the fourth century, however, there were so many large estates tilled by slave labour that the Licinian law forbade any citizen to hold more than 500 jugera of land, or to employ slaves out of due proportion to the number of his free workers.
		The tendency to large estates, cultivation by slaves, and the impoverishment of the freemen continued, however, until the period of the latifundia, when, as Pliny informs us, all the land of Italy was in the hands of a few persons, and the free tillers of the soil had almost entirely disappeared.
		Most of the latter had gone into the city to swell the number of idlers who were supported at the public expense.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08719a.htm (5721 words)

	Region (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		940 days ago: The Latifundia of Lower Whingeing barred UN Delegate access to Regional Control.
		947 days ago: The Latifundia of Lower Whingeing changed the regional password.
		948 days ago: The Latifundia of Lower Whingeing arrived from The North Pacific.
	nationstates.net /cgi-bin/index.cgi/page=display_region/region=Lethe (261 words)

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