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Topic: Latimeria chalumnae

	Digimorph - Latimeria chalumnae (Coelacanth)
		The coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) is an enigmatic and important species of "fish." It is the only living member (along with a recently discovered second species of Latimeria) of the lobe-finned fishes, a group believed by some to be the sister-group of the terrestrial vertebrates.
		Latimeria can reach a length of almost six feet (nearly 2 meters) and weigh up to 95 kg, but they are usually somewhat smaller, particularly the males, which average under 165 centimeters in length.
		The ecology and conservation of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae.
	www.digimorph.org /specimens/Latimeria_chalumnae/whole (930 words)

	Coelacanth: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		The gombessa (Latimeria chalumnae) was found by Marjorie Latimer in 1938.
		A fishing boat caught sharks near the Chalumna River[?], and Latimer, who was curator of a museum and often looked for odd fish in the harbor, saw a blue fin under them.
		She pulled the fish out of the pile and brought it to the museum to find out what kind of fish it was.
	www.encyclopedian.com /co/Coelacanth.html (451 words)

	What do we know about the coelacanths - behaviour, habitat
		Latimeria are nocturnal fish, and during the day, they are usually found in depths of 120-250 m, where they congregate in caves, with as many as 14 fish crowded together in a single cave.
		While searching for prey, or moving from one cave to another, Latimeria appear to move in slow motion, either drifting passively with the current and using the flexible pectoral and pelvic fins to adjust their position, or slowly swimming by a synchronous sculling movement of the second dorsal and anal fins.
		During their nightly foraging swims, Latimeria were often seen to perform head-stands, with the body in a vertical position, the head near the bottom and the tail fin curved perpendicular to the body.
	www.scienceinafrica.co.za /2002/february/coela.htm (1622 words)

	Living fossil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		If, however, Cenozoic Latimeria (thus belonging to the genus Latimeria) fossils were to be found, Latimeria chalumnae would be considered a true living fossil, as that would fill in the gap where the species is "dead".
		The most famous examples of this are the coelacanth fishes, Latimeria chalumnae and Latimeria menadoensis and the Dawn Redwood, Metasequoia, discovered in a remote Chinese valley.
		Others include the glypheoid lobsters, the wasp family Mymarommatidae, and the beetle family Jurodidae, all of which were first described from fossils, but later found alive (2 species, 10 species, and one species, respectively).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Living_fossil (1094 words)

	[Coelacanth] References 95-01
		We describe the present environment of the living coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae Smith, 1939 at Grande Comore, western Indian Ocean and report depth- dependent cave distribution, temperature, salinity and oxygen values which are compared to the fish's distribution and its physiological demands.
		Nine morphological and meristic differences are purported to distinguish L. menadoensis and L. chalumnae, based on comparison of a single specimen of L. menadoensis to a description of five individuals of L. chalumnae from the Comores.
		The presence of this secondary circulation in Latimeria gills contrasts with the situation in the gills of the three Living genera of lungfishes where a system possessing the essential features of the tetrapod lymphatic vessel system has been recognized, No suggestions of a true lymphatic vessel system were observed in Latimeria.
	www.sanbi.ac.za /pipermail/coelacanth/2001-October/000004.html (9962 words)

	Coelacanth - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The coelacanths, which are closely related to lungfishes, were believed to have been extinct since the end of the Cretaceous period, until a live specimen was found off the east coast of South Africa, off the Chalumna River in 1938.
		She was looking at the catch of a fishing boat that had been fishing for sharks near the Chalumna River and saw an odd blue fish fin in the catch.
		The species was named Latimeria chalumnae in honor of her and the waters in which it was found.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coelacanth (1724 words)

	Species Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		While searching for prey, or moving from one cave to another, Latimeria appears to move in slow motion, either drifting passively with the current and using its flexible pectoral and pelvic fins to adjust its position, or slowly swimming by a synchronous sculling movement of the second dorsal and anal fins.
		Latimeria does not use its lobed fins for walking on the bottom, and even when they are resting in caves they usually do not touch the substrate.
		During its nightly foraging swims, Latimeria was often seen to perform head-stands, in which it rotates its body into a vertical position, with its head near the bottom and its caudal fin curved perpendicular to its body.
	www.fishbase.org /Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2063 (899 words)

	Comoros Coelacanth - Latimeria chalumnae
		On December 22, 1938, a trawler fishing off the mouth of the Chalumna River caught a strange, blue fish.
		It was sent to the East London museum and then on to JLB Smith, who spent much of the rest of his life studying the unique find.
		In 1999, a population of coelacanths living near Sulawesi, Indonesia, was placed as a separate species, Latimeria menadoensis.
	www.angelfire.com /mo2/animals1/lobefin/ccoelacanth.html (603 words)

	Latimeria chalumnae, Coelacanth at MarineBio.org
		Latimeria chalumnae (Smith, 1939) is the Comoran coelacanth and Latimeria menadoensis (Pouyaud, Wirjoatmodjo, Rachmatika, Tjakrawidjaja, Hadiaty and Hadie, 1999) is the Indonesian species.
		The living coelacanths ("see-la-kanths"), Latimeria chalumnae and Latimeria menadoensis are possibly the sole remaining representatives of a once widespread family of Sarcopterygian (fleshy or lobed-finned) coelacanth fishes (more than 120 species are known from the fossil record).
		Latimeria has a single, large, elongated, pseudo-lung filled with fat, a vertually linear heart, shark-like intestines with a spiral valve, and an axial skeleton composed only of a hollow tube of cartilage called a notocord.
	marinebio.org /species.asp?id=54 (989 words)

	..::treeBASE::.. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The interrelationships of 31 actinistian species (including Latimeria chalumnae) are analyzed based on a cladistic analysis of 75 osteological characters.
		Along a phylogenetic pathway originating with a Devonian stem-species and ending with the living Latimeria chalumnae (including 101 morphological changes and 18 cladogenetic events), the first tempo occurred during the Devonian - Permian periods as a decreasing rate of morphological changes, which was followed by a stabilizing tempo during the Permian - Recent periods.
		The decreasing tempo is characterized by a sequence of gradual versus quantum temporal changes and low versus faster rates, whereas the stabilizing tempo primarily is gradual and low.
	www.phylo.org /treebase/view/view_study.php?studyID=S295 (209 words)

	Bibliographic Database
		The gills of the coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae Latimeriidae.
		The biology of Latimeria chalumnae and the evolution of coelacanths.
		(Preliminary observations on the lipids of the oocyte of the Coelacanth Latimeria Chalumnae).
	content.csa.com /biblio/ASF000020.html (2906 words)

	[No title]
		NEW SPECIES OF COELACANTH DISCOVERED IN Since the discovery of the first coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) in 1938, all the evidence implied that it was unique in its genus and that it formed a small population living almost exclusively in the Comoros island group.
		Previous scientific research on some specimens had suggested that Latimeria chalumnae was a population whose habitat was limited to the Mozambique Channel or even to only certain Comoros islands (Grand Comoros and Anjouan).
		Latimeria menadoensis’ distribution area may not be limited to northern Sulawesi.
	www.spc.int /coastfish/News/Fish_News/89/NIAR_7.htm (750 words)

	Coelacanth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The gombessa (Latimeria chalumnae) was found by Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer in 1938.
		A fishing boat caught sharks near the Chalumna River, and Latimer, who was curator of a museum in East London and often looked for odd fish in the harbor, saw a blue fin under them.
		It was given the scientific name Latimeria menadoensis.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/c/co/coelacanth.html (663 words)

	Coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae
		A few days before Christmas in 1938, a Coelacanth was caught at the mouth of the Chalumna River on the east coast of South Africa.
		The Comoros Coelacanth is renowned for its steel blue colour, whereas fish from the Sulawesi population were reported to be brown.
		In 1999 the Sulawesi Coelacanth was described as a new species, Latimeria menadoensis by Pouyaud, Wirjoatmodjo, Rachmatika, Tjakrawidjaja, Hadiaty and Hadie.
	www.amonline.net.au /fishes/fishfacts/fish/coela.htm (898 words)

	DISCOVERY OF A VIABLE POPULATION OF COELACANTHS (LATIMERIA CHALUMNAE SMITH, 1939) AT SODWANA BAY, SOUTH AFRICA
		No coelacanths were sighted during the survey, nor were large caves seen off the Chalumna River, as the friable sandstone terraces of the slope in this region is not conducive to formation of caves; in several places, the roofs of overhangs were seen to have collapsed after being eroded too far.
		The sighting of juvenile (1 m) and adult (1.6 to 1.8 m) coelacanths on two separate dives implies a viable population of Latimeria chalumnae in a marine protected area (St Lucia Marine Reserve), and this is good news for the conservation of this apparently endangered species.
		Bruton M.N. and Stobbs R.E. The ecology and conservation of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae.
	fishwatch.tripod.com /coelacanth/philarticle.htm (1508 words)

	Pick Up Some Collectors' Tips for Coelacanths.
		Because of their limited distribution and small populations, all species of Latimeria are protected under the Convention of International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES).
		Fricke and his colleagues have estimated the number of living individuals around the Comoros to be 500.
		Researchers studying the coelacanth are trying to prevent its extinction only 60 years after it became known to science, and after 305 million years on Earth.
	www.nature.ca /discover/treasures/anim/tr3/coecol_e.cfm (301 words)

	(Talk.Origins) The coelacanth, thought extinct for ages, is still living - CreationWiki
		The modern coelacanth is Latimeria chalumnae, in the family Latimeriidae.
		Living and fossil coelacanths could also be varieties of the same created kind, but only one ended up producing fossils on land.
		Latimeria has no fossil record, so it cannot be a "living fossil."
	www.creationwiki.net /index.php?title=(Talk.Origins)_The_coelacanth,_thought_extinct_for_ages,_is_still_living (558 words)

	Institut de recherche pour le développement
		Since the discovery of the first coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) in 1938, all indicators led to the idea that this species was the only one of the genus and lived as a small population almost exclusively in the Comoros.
		In 1938, the first living coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) was caught off the east coast of South Africa.
		Scientific investigations on some of these specimens have up to now confirmed the assumption that Latimeria chalumnae made up a population with a narrow habitat restricted to the Mozambique Strait or even to just one or two of the Comoros islands (Grand Comoros and Anjouan).
	www.ird.fr /us/actualites/fiches/1999/87.htm (654 words)

	Natural History Highlight - National Museum of Natural History
		The specimen is identified as Latimeria chalumnae and bears the catalog number USNM 205871.
		Although the research collection is not accessible to the general public, a life-like model of a coelacanth can be seen in the Living Fossils gallery on the mezzanine of the dinosaur hall in the National Museum of Natural History.
		Model of Latimeria chalumnae which can be seen in the Dinosaur Hall of the NMNH.
	www.mnh.si.edu /highlight/coelacanth/usnm_specimens.htm (315 words)

	A Strange Fish Indeed: The “Discovery” of a Living Fossil - Part III - Case Study Collection - National ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The fish specimen was named Latimeria chalumnae in honor of Ms.
		At the time of the discovery, it was thought that the coelacanth may have been the fish species that led to the first land amphibian, using its fleshy limbs to walk onto land.
		It was caught by a fisherman in the Comoros Islands hundreds of miles north of the Chalumna River.
	www.sciencecases.org /strange_fish/strange_fish3.asp (401 words)

	American Scientist Online - The Coelacanth: Act Three (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		It seemed that Latimeria were mostly caught in the first three months of the year, always at night and only from two islands.
		So everything we know about the distribution of Latimeria may actually be the area of accidental overlap between its range, the range of Ruvettus and the behavior of the fishermen.
		For coelacanths, the first hypothesis has prevailed—Latimeria chalumnae the species, and by implication its forebears, is a poor thing preferentially living in an unusually bleak ecological setting where competition is low.
	www.americanscientist.org /template/AssetDetail/assetid/26617?&print=yes (2372 words)

	Natural History Highlight - National Museum of Natural History
		The Indonesian form was described as a new species, Latimeria menadoensis, in April 1999, by L. Pouyard and several Indonesian colleagues.
		All Latimeria are considered to be endangered and are protected by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES).
		Although Latimeria is a genus distinct from the fossil forms, all coelacanths share numerous features and are easily recognized by their distinctive shape and lobed fins.
	www.mnh.si.edu /highlight/coelacanth (1044 words)

	[No title]
		Cranial Berves of the Coelacanth, Latimeria Chalumnae [Osteichthyes: Sarcopterygii: Actinistia] - Contains an abstract of this study by Northcutt RG, et.
		Latimeria chalumnae Coelacanth - Contains information morphology, biology and distribution of this specie.
		Latimeria chalumnae Sarcopterygii - Contains information on distribution, habitation, major threats and taxonomic data on this specie.
	botw.org /top/Science/Biology/Plants_and_Animals/Animalia/Chordata/Fish/Bony/Sarcopterygii (893 words)

	Coelacanth Stamps
		In 1938 a coelacanth was caught by fishermen on the vessel Nerine trawling off the mouth of the Chalumna River in South Africa.
		The Indonesian coelacanths appear quite similar to those from Africa except they are brown in color rather than blue and their sides sport gold flecks.
		Indonesia issued this miniature sheet depicting the Indonesian coelacanth Latimeria menadoensis for the London Stamp Show in May, 2000.
	www.pibburns.com /cryptost/coelacan.htm (1812 words)

	Full Articles Coelacanth
		Discovery of a viable population of Coelacanths (Latimeria Chalumnae Smith, 1939) at Sodwana Bay, South Africa
		Consequently, the zoological world was astounded when a living coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae Smith, 1939) was discovered off the Chalumna River near East London[5] in December 1938.
		The skeleton of Macropoma mantelli, which is known from the Upper Cretaceous, is virtually identical to that of the living coelacanth and differs little from the skeleton of most Devonian coelacanths [2].
	www.scienceinafrica.co.za /coelanew.htm (1704 words)

	IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Latimeria chalumnae
		Known as the "living fossil", this species occurs in the Indo-West Pacific in the vicinity of the Grand Comoro and Anjouan islands, the coast of South Africa, Madagascar, and Mozambique.
		chalumnae is a nocturnal hunter, sheltering within caves throughout the day and foraging at night on squid and other fish species.
		Hissman K., Fricke, H. and Schauer, J. Population monitoring of the coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae).
	www.iucnredlist.org /search/details.php/11375/all (232 words)

	IngentaConnect The ear region of Latimeria chalumnae: functional and evolutionar... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		To examine the inner ear and the otoccipital part of the cranium, a serial-sectioned juvenile coelacanth was studied in detail and a three-dimensional reconstruction was made.
		Because some features of the inner ear of Latimeria have been described as having tetrapod affinities, the problem of hearing and the anatomy of the otical complex in the living coelacanth has been closely connected to the question of early tetrapod evolution.
		It was assumed in the past that the structure found in Latimeria could exemplify a transitional stage in otic evolution between the fishlike sarcopterygians and the first tetrapods in a functional or even phylogenetic way.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/urban/241/2003/00000106/00000003/art00006 (381 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Miller William A. Abstract: Further observations on the mineralized tissues of Latimeria chalumnae
		Jorgensen J.M. Ciliated Sensory Cells in the Rostral Organ of the Coelacanth Latimeria Chalumnæ (Smith 1939)
		Mobility of the skull and finns in the coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnæ Smith)
	noorderlicht.vpro.nl /attachment.db/coelacanth1.htm?7328010 (2548 words)

	Bivalvia:Fossil Groups: SciComms 03-04: Earth Sciences
		Smith named the 'living fossil' Latimeria chalumnae in honor of Miss Latimer.
		The finding caused great public and scientific excitement around the globe but it was not until 1952 that further specimens were captured.
		They are ovoviviparous, that is they hatch their eggs internally as the egg shells are too weak to tolerate external conditions.
	palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk /Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Sarcopterygii/Coelacanth/index8.html (700 words)

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