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	Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first Latin Emperors of Constantinople on the other hand had to be present in the newly conquered capital of their Empire, because that was the only place where they could be granted to become Emperor.
		Instead, these first Emperors constructed their office as a complicated collection of offices, titles, and honours, that were consolidated around a single person and his closest relatives (while in the republic the "taking of turns", often in shared offices, had been the principle for passing on power).
		Emperor Karl of Austria, the last ruling hereditary monarch in that country, "relinquished every participation in the administration of the State" on November 11, 1918.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Emperor (5833 words)

	Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		An emperor always adopts royal ceremony and regalia, and thus acts as a monarch, though he may not be from an established royal family.
		The line of Emperors came to an end with Bao Dai, who was deposed in 1945, although he later served as head of state of South Vietnam from 1949 to 1955.
		Although the Emperor of Japan (born 1945) is classified as constitutional Monarch Emperor among political scientists, the constitution of Japan defines him only as a symbol of the nation and no law states his status as a political monarch or otherwise.
	www.americancanyon.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Emperor (2331 words)

	Latin Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This name, which loosely means "Romanland", has nothing at all to do with the modern country by that name; rather, it was the Latin form of the title of the so-called Byzantine Emperor, whom the Latin Emperor hoped to replace.
		The Latin Empire laid claim to all of the lands controlled by the Byzantine Empire at the time Constantinople was conquered and did exert control over areas of Greece (the Crusader States: the Kingdom of Thessalonica, the Principality of Achaea and the Duchy of Athens).
		For about a century thereafter, the heirs of Baldwin II continued to use the title of Emperor of Constantinople, and were seen as theoretical overlords by the various remaining Latin states in the Aegean.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/l/la/latin_empire.html (344 words)

	Alexius I of Trebizond - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Alexius I Comnenus, Grand Comnenus and Emperor of Trebizond, was a son of Manuel, grandson of the Emperor Andronicus I (who was dethroned and killed in 1185) and great grandson of (daughter of hte King of Georgia David the Builder).
		Manuel, the emperor's eldest son was blinded so brutally that he died, leaving two children, the Caesars Alexius and David.
		The treaty by which the Latin conquerors of Constantinople had partitioned the empire, assigned much of the new Trapezuntine state - Paphlagonia, Oinaion, Amisus, and Sinope to the Latin Emperor.
	www.bexley.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Alexius_I_of_Trebizond (1004 words)

	Empire of Nicaea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Latin Empire which was established by the crusaders in Constantinople had poor control over former Byzantine territory, and Byzantine successor states sprang up in Epirus and Trebizond as well as Nicaea.
		In 1219 he married the daughter of Latin Empress Yolanda of Flanders, but he died in 1222 and was succeeded by his son-in-law John III Ducas Vatatzes.
		In July of 1261, as most of the Latin army was fighting elsewhere, Alexius was able to convince the guards to open the gates of the city.
	www.leessummit.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Nicaean_Empire (784 words)

	45. The Development of Latin Christendom. Wells, H.G. 1922. A Short History of the World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		There was a formality of election for each emperor; and the climax of his ambition was to struggle to the possession of that worn-out, misplaced capital Rome and to a coronation there.
		The Latin Church and the Greek Church became and remained thereafter distinct and frankly antagonistic.
		The next emperor to arise was Otto, the son of a certain Henry the Fowler, a Saxon, who had been elected King of Germany by an assembly of German princes and prelates in 919.
	www.bonus.com /contour/bartlettqu/http@@/www.bartleby.com/86/45.html (2206 words)

	Encyclopedia: Latin Empire
		Baldwin I (1172 - 1205), the first emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople, as Baldwin IX count of Flanders and as Baldwin VI count of Hainaut, was one of the most prominent leaders of the Fourth Crusade, which resulted in the capture of the city of Constantinople and the conquest...
		This name has nothing to do with the modern country by that name; rather, it is the Latin form of the title of the Byzantine Emperor, whom the Latin Emperor hoped to replace.
		Robert of Courtenay (died 1228), emperor of the Latin Empire, or of Constantinople, was a younger son of the emperor Peter of Courtenay, and a descendant of the French king, Louis VI, while his mother Yolanda of Flanders was a sister of Baldwin and Henry of Flanders, the first and...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Latin-Empire (1691 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: First Council of Lyons
		Innocent IV, threatened by Emperor Frederick II, arrived at Lyons 2 December, 1244, and early in 1245 summoned the bishops and princes to the council.
		Baldwin II, Latin Emperor of Constantinople, Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse, Raymond Bérenger IV, Count of Provence, Albert Rezats, Latin Patriarch of Antioch, Berthold, Patriarch of Aquileia, Nicholas, Latin Patriarch of Constantinople, came to the council, which opened 28 June at St-Jean.
		At the second session (July 5) the bishop of Calvi and a Spanish archbishop attacked the emperor's manner of life and his plots against the Church; again Thaddeus spoke on his behalf and asked a delay for his arrival.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09476b.htm (445 words)

	LATIN EMPIRE FACTS AND INFORMATION
		This name had nothing to do with the modern country by that name; rather, it is the Latin form of the title of the Byzantine_Emperor, whom the Latin Emperor hoped to replace.
		The Latin Empire laid claim to all of the lands controlled by the Byzantine Empire at the time Constantinople was conquered, and did exert control over areas of Greece (the Crusader_States: the Kingdom_of_Thessalonica, the Principality_of_Achaea, and the Duchy_of_Athens).
		Although the relatives of Baldwin, Count of Flanders struggled for many years for their domain, the Latin Empire ended on July_25, 1261 when Michael_VIII_Palaeologus recaptured Constantinople, deposing the last Latin Emperor, Baldwin II.
	www.palfacts.com /Latin_Empire (306 words)

	Baldwin II, Latin emperor of Constantinople. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		1217–73, last Latin emperor of Constantinople (1228–61), brother and successor of Robert of Courtenay.
		In 1261, Michael VIII, Greek emperor of Nicaea, stormed Constantinople.
		Baldwin escaped to Italy and ultimately transferred his claims on the throne to Charles I of Naples.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ba/Baldwn2Con.html (161 words)

	Constantine, XI Biography / Biography of Constantine, XI Biography Biography
		emperor · brother · proceeded · constantinople ·; florence · latin · byzantine emperor · peloponnesus · eldest brother · fourth crusade ·; imperial throne · despot · achaea · constantine xi · brother thomas · peloponnesian · morea · patras
		A gallant prince, he completed the conquest of the Peloponnesus from the Latins and heroically commanded the futile defense of Constantinople against the Turks.
		The fourth son of Emperor Manuel II Palaeologus (reigned 1391-1425), Constantine was born on Feb. 8, 1405.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-constantine-xi (509 words)

	Lexiko
		Baioulos: the head of the Venetian colony in Constantinople during the period of the Palaiologoi and at the same time the Venetian ambassador to the imperial court.
		After his defeat by the forces of the Bulgarian sovereign Kalojan in Thrace, in April 1205, he was taken prisoner and died in prison in 1205/6.
		In the centre is represented a mounted emperor believed by certain scholars to be Justinian.
	www.fhw.gr /chronos/10/en/lexiko/lexb.html (788 words)

	Latin Empire -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		They intended it to be a (The Christian Church based in the Vatican and presided over by a pope and an episcopal hierarchy) Roman Catholic successor to the (A continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle East after its division in 395) Byzantine Empire.
		This name has nothing to do with the modern country by that name; rather, it is the Latin form of the title of the (Click link for more info and facts about Byzantine Emperor) Byzantine Emperor, whom the Latin Emperor hoped to replace.
		This has the curious effect of creating three Roman Empires in Europe at the same time (the other was the (The lands ruled by Charlemagne; a continuation of the Roman Empire in Europe) Holy Roman Empire).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/la/latin_empire.htm (424 words)

	Fourth Crusade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Emperor himself would get a quarter of the empire, and the rest would be divided evenly between Venice and the rest of the Crusaders.
		A Latin clergy would be set up, and the Greek Orthodox church would be plundered to provide land and income for them.
		Moreover, the Emperor was utterly dependent on his vassals to defend the Empire, while Venice was essentially an independent power within it.
	crusades.boisestate.edu /4th/11.shtml (327 words)

	Romans and Latin: emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Gaius Octavius was born in Rome on the 23th September in 63 B.C. His form of government was by the history writers named the "principate".
		Titus was an excellent emperor: beautiful, cultivated, a military and a real statesman.
		Trajanus was a remarkable and popular successor of Augustus and a noble emperor.
	www.romans-latin.net /emperor.htm (443 words)

	The Age of Chivalry - Empire of Nicaea 1204-1261 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		But it had precarious beginnings and the crusaders of the Latin Empire in nearby Constantinople were close to extinguishing this fledgling state by defeating the Nicaeans at Prusa (Bursa) and at Poimanenon in 1205.
		The ensuing conflict occurred outside the city in the Battle of Odrin on April 14th where the crusaders of the Latin Emperor Baldwin were soundly defeated.
		Because of the Latin defeat and repeated Bulgar incursions Theodore was able to capture considerable territory east of Constantinople.
	www.taoc.co.uk /content/view/33/45 (933 words)

	SparkNotes: High Middle Ages (1000-1200): Byzantium, 1081-1261: Decay, Defeats, Latin Betrayal, and Survival
		Baldwin of Flanders became 'Latin Emperor' of Caonstantinople, and was hated by the populace, as a Barbarian usurper.
		Only in 1261, when Latin defenses were quite diminished and few in the West were concerned with the 'Latin empire', was Michael VII Palaeologus able to reenter the Byzantine capital, after forces under him had captured the city, massacred some Latins, and burned the Venetian quarter to the ground, forcing them to return to Italy.
		Part of it, however, involves the unwillingness of Byzantine elites to unite in support of single emperors, as well as their reluctance to give up any of their prerogatives as holders of lands that oppressed peasants and denied to the state the demographic background of successful Theme armies.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/middle2/section6.rhtml (1812 words)

	The Age of Chivalry - Michael VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor 1261-1282 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		One of the enemy participants, the Principality of Archaea, was the strongest of the Latin states of Greece but was now reduced to Nicaean vassalage leaving the Duchy of Athens, another Latin state, to become the dominant Frankish enclave in the region.
		Moreover the defences of the city itself were very poor and when he learnt that the main Latin army was away, he manoeuvred his forces and swiftly conquered ancient Byzantium with minimal military effort.
		The excommunication of the Byzantine Emperor was a green light for Charles, ruler of Sicily and ally to Latin Emperor Baldwin II (who died in 1273), to mount an invasion of Constantinople.
	www.taoc.co.uk /content/view/34/43 (900 words)

	Defense against Latin rivals (from Michael VIII Palaeologus) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Especially active was Baldwin II of Courtenay, the last Latin emperor of Constantinople.
		Nicaean emperor (1259–61) and then Byzantine emperor (1261–82), who in 1261 restored the Byzantine Empire to the Greeks after 57 years of Latin occupation and who founded the Palaeologan dynasty, the last and longest-lived of the empire's ruling houses.
		Michael VIII Palaeologus, emperor at Nicaea in 1259, founded the dynasty of the Palaeologi in Constantinople in 1261.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-4855?tocId=4855 (884 words)

	All Empires - The Nicean Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Meanwhile, the Latin Empire began to rapidly decline after the death of Emperor Henry in 1216.
		Theodore's seven-year-old son, John Lascaris was to become the next Emperor, with George Muzalon appointed as the regent (substitutes the Emperor's position when the Emperor is too young to rule).
		In 1261, a patrolling scouting party discovered that the Latin garrison at Constantinople was absent besieging a city in the Black Sea.
	www.allempires.com /empires/nicea/nicea1.htm (1377 words)

	Medieval Latin Tales (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This particular tale of a fictitious emperor reappears as a Hindu fairy tale, as a French morality play, and as "Robert of Sicily" in Longfellow's Tales of a Wayside Inn.
		This story is taken from a medieval collection by Johannes de Alta Silva, who may have been a monk in England around the year 1200.
		The origin of the story is thought to be India.
	www.geocities.com /gene_moutoux/latintales.htm (186 words)

	AllRefer.com - Baldwin I, Latin emperor of Constantinople (Ancient History, Late Roman And Byzantine, Biography) - ...
		Baldwin I[bOl´dwin] Pronunciation Key, 1171–1205, 1st Latin emperor of Constantinople (1204–5).
		After the seizure of Constantinople (1204), the Crusaders elected him emperor (see Constantinople, Latin Empire of).
		He was captured (1205) in battle by the Bulgarians and died in captivity, probably by poison.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/Baldwn1Con.html (223 words)

	North East Independent School District, San Antonio, Texas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Latin Language Studies- a course for homeschoolers.....keep scrolling down the page until you get to the free grammar charts....nouns, verbs, participles, you name it- they have it!
		Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar- the Latin Bible of Grammar.
		Latin Grammar Hotline- for real, email this gentleman with your questions on Latin grammar and he will answer.
	www.neisd.net /curriculum/flang/latin_resources.htm (539 words)

	Robert of Courtenay on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		His father, Peter of Courtenay, was elected by the Latin nobles to succeed Henry of Flanders as emperor, but shortly afterward he was captured (1217) by Theodore, despot of Epirus.
		Disaster befell the Latin Empire in 1224, when Robert was defeated almost simultaneously by Theodore and by John III, emperor of Nicaea.
		The emperor's territories were reduced to little more than the city of Constantinople.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/R/RbrtC1our.asp (232 words)

	Theodore I, Byzantine emperor of Nicaea. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		1222, Byzantine emperor of Nicaea (1204–22), son-in-law of the Byzantine emperor Alexius III.
		He escaped from Constantinople after it was captured (1204) by the Latins of the Fourth Crusade and founded a Byzantine state at Nicaea (see Nicaea, empire of).
		Uniting nearly all of W Asia Minor except the Turkish sultanate of Iconium, he kept his state intact against Henry of Flanders, Latin emperor of Constantinople, and against the Seljuk Turks.
	www.bartleby.com /65/th/Theodr1-Byz.html (133 words)

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