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Topic: Latin influence in English

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	The Study of Latin and English at Winchester
		Aetholwold’s incorporation of the English language into teaching Latin, and the similar teaching method of his students whom he influenced, established, in Gneuss’s opinion, Winchester at the forefront of linguistic study and facilitated the standardization of the English language (Study 3-12).
		The influence of Aetholwold’s attention to English and his teaching of it at Winchester is evident in Aelfric’s first work, the Catholic Homilies, the spelling, vocabulary, and especially the morphology of which were so uniform that the text provides an exemplar of the Winchester school’s, that is Aetholwold’s, West Saxon dialect (Gneuss, Origin 75).
		Aelfric used, in fact, a standardized vocabulary, which was influenced by the English of Winchester, throughout his writing, and he furthered his desire to offer English to non-Latinists by writing his extremely popular grammar, which was intended as a didactic text for both Latin and English.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~cpercy/courses/1001Stone.htm (825 words)

	§5. Classical influence. XX. The Language from Chaucer to Shakespeare. Vol. 3. Renascence and Reformation. The ...
		The influence of the renascence is seen in the classical importations with which the language became inundated—an influence parallel to that which induced scholars to turn to the classics for assistance in remodelling and reforming their literary art.
		It was used by Elizabeth in conversation with foreign ambassadors, and “latine ends,” as Chapman put it, “were part of a gentleman and a good scholler.” The inevitable result was an almost reckless borrowing of classical words, an occasional use of Latin idiom and, in some cases, an imitation of classical style.
		Their increased use, at this date, was due partly to the exuberant character of the age, partly to an increase in the material available for such forms and partly to the plastic condition of the language, which made it easy for an unfamiliar word to be supplemented by one of a more familiar kind.
	www.bartleby.com /213/2005.html (1276 words)

	§3. Foreign Influence. XVIII. The Prosody of Old and Middle English. Vol. 1. From the Beginnings to the Cycles of ...
		Further, this heritage of Old English manifests itself in the octosyllabic couplet; and, in the version of Genesis and Exodus, which is assigned to about the middle of the thirteenth century, anticipates exactly the Christabel metre which Coleridge thought he invented more than five hundred years later.
		In one all-important particular, however, the foreign influence exercised—by French altogether and, by Latin, in the greatest part by far of its recent and accentual verse writing—in the direction of strict syllabic uniformity, is not, indeed, universally, but to a very large extent, and stubbornly, resisted.
		But, in one point which had made for this latter, English refused to surrender; and that was the admission of trisyllabic feet, as some phrase it, or, as some prefer to describe the process, the admission of extra unstressed syllables.
	www.bartleby.com /211/1803.html (656 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Latin influence in English
		A large number of these borrowings are Latinate, coming directly from Latin, from Latin through one of the Romance languages (French, Romanian, Italian, Portuguese, or Spanish) or from some other language (e.g.
		From 1066 until Henry IV of England ascended to the throne in 1399, the royal court of England spoke French.
		The result of this simplification was the loss of grammatical gender in nouns and adjectives, the beginnings of the loss of the case system from Old English, simplified conjugations, and an overall loss of inflections.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Latin_influence_in_English (1219 words)

	Latin at AllExperts
		Latin is a member of the family of Italic languages, and its alphabet, the Latin alphabet, is based on the Old Italic alphabet, which is in turn derived from the Greek alphabet.
		Latin was first brought to the Italian peninsula in the 9th or 8th century BC by migrants from the north, who settled in the Latium region, specifically around the River Tiber, where the Roman civilization first developed.
		Latin was influenced by the Celtic dialects and the non-Indo-European Etruscan language of northern Italy, as well as by the Greek of southern Italy.
	en.allexperts.com /e/l/la/latin.htm (2076 words)

	Latin
		Latin was first brought to the Italian peninsula in the 9th or 8th century BC by migrants from the north, who settled in the Latium region, specifically around the River Tiber, where the Roman civilization first developed.
		Latin was influenced by the Celtic dialects and the non-Indo-European Etruscan language in northern Italy, and by Greek in southern Italy.
		Latin was once taught in many of the schools in Britain with academic leanings—perhaps 25% of the total.[1] However, the requirement for it was gradually abandoned in the professions such as law and medicine, and then, from around the late 1960s, for admission to university.
	www.latinlatest.co.uk (1737 words)

	Latin
		Latin developed in west-central Italy in an area along the River Tiber known as Latium which became the birthplace of the Roman civilization.
		The Catholic Church used Latin as its primary liturgical language until the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) after which it was largely replaced by the local spoken languages of the parishioners.
		However, Ecclesiastical Latin, also known as Church Latin, remains the official language of Vatican City, and is used in documents of the Roman Catholic Church and in its Latin liturgies.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/january/Latin.html (1672 words)

	§5. Old English Versions. II. The “Authorised Version” and its Influence. Vol. 4. Prose and Poetry: Sir ...
		The influences which moulded the English language into a proper vehicle for so stupendous a literary creation as the Bible must next be briefly considered.
		Throughout the Old English period, most of the literature produced was strongly coloured by Biblical diction.
		Secondly, to make the sentence at least as “open” in English as in Latin, that is, to have due regard to English idiom.
	www.bartleby.com /214/0205.html (682 words)

	English definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		English, a language originating in northwestern Europe, is the most widely used member of the Germanic language family.
		This early English was a homogeneous tongue, and the characteristic hybrid vocabulary of the present-day language is the result, successively, of Scandinavian, Norman-French, and Greco-Latin influence.
		English is a primary working language of the United Nations and the European Union and the sole working language of the Commonwealth, NATO, CARICOM, and ASEAN.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861608492 (515 words)

	The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Latin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Latin was influenced by the Celtic dialects and the non-Indo-European Etruscan language in northern Italy, and by Greek in southern Italy.
		Also, although Latin remained the main written language of the Roman Empire, Greek came to be the language spoken by the well-educated elite, as most of the literature studied by Romans was written in Greek.
		Latin is a synthetic inflectional language: affixes (which usually encode more than one grammatical category) are attached to fixed stems to express gender, number, and case in adjectives, nouns, and pronouns, a process called declension.
	book-of-thoth.com /thebook/index.php?title=Latin (2483 words)

	Finance Choices - Personal Finance Wiki
		Although Latin is now widely considered to be a dead language, with very few fluent speakers and no native ones, it has exerted a major influence on many other languages that are still thriving and continues to see significant use in science, academia, and law.
		Latin is a synthetic, fusional language: affixes (often suffixes, which usually encode more than one grammatical category) are attached to fixed stems to express gender, number, and case in adjectives, nouns, and pronouns—a process called "declension".
		Latin translations of modern literature such as Paddington Bear, Winnie the Pooh, Tintin, Asterix, Harry Potter, The Lord of the Rings, Le Petit Prince, Max und Moritz, and The Cat in the Hat are intended to bolster interest in the language.
	www.financechoices.co.uk /personal-finance-wiki.php?title=Latin (2527 words)

	GotPoetry.com > > Latin
		Although Latin is now widely considered to be an extinct language, with very few fluent speakers and next to no native ones, it has exerted a major influence on many other languages that are still thriving, and continues to see significant use in science, academia and law.
		Latin is a synthetic inflectional language: affixes (often suffixes, which usually encode more than one grammatical category) are attached to fixed stems to express gender, number, and case in adjectives, nouns, and pronouns—a process called "declension".
		Latin translations of modern literature such as Paddington Bear, Winnie the Pooh, Tintin, Asterix, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Le Petit Prince, Max und Moritz, and The Cat in the Hat are intended to bolster interest in the language.
	www.gotpoetry.com /MediaWiki/Latin (2754 words)

	Latin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Latin is also still used (drawing heavily on Greek roots) to furnish the names used in the scientific classification of living things.
		Latin is a synthetic or inflectional language: affixes are attached to fixed stems to express gender, number, and case in adjectives, nouns, and pronouns, which is called declension; and person, number, tense, voice, mood, and aspect in verbs, which is called conjugation.
		English grammar is independent of Latin grammar, though prescriptive grammarians in English have been heavily influenced by Latin.
	www.abcworld.net /Latin.html (1437 words)

	Carolyn's Corner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It is usually the case that the Latin (and Greek) words that entered English at that early stage entered English again at a later stage—and so we have both an older and a newer form, as in episcopal and bishop, street and strata, wall and circumvallation, school and scholar, etc.
		Latin was also the language of science, scholarship, and law in Britain from the Middle Ages until French (which itself consists largely of Latin elements) entered the scene after the Norman Conquest in 106
		Latin was the most important part of the elementary curriculum and was used to coin new words in English and other modern languages.
	www.spellingbee.com /cc07/Week07/rootin.shtml (1307 words)

	Latin Influences on Old English
		From the extent to which Britain was Romanized, and the employment of Latin by certain elements in the population, one would expect a considerable number of Latin words from this period to have remained in use and to appear in the English language today.
		It is probable that the use of Latin as a spoken language did not long survive the end of Roman rule in the island and that such vestiges as remained for a time were lost in the disorders that accompanied the Germanic invasions.
		Instead of borrowing the Latin word praedicâre (to preach) the English expressed the idea with words of their own, such as læran (to teach) or bodian (to bring a message); to pray (L. precâre) was rendered by biddan (to ask) and other words of similar meaning, prayer by a word from the same root, gebed.
	www.orbilat.com /Influences_of_Romance/English/RIFL-English-Latin-The_Inflluences_on_Old_English.html (6649 words)

	Latin, Greek, and their non-descendant English
		The basic reason for the many Latin and Greek words in modern English is that in their own time, the classical versions of these languages were, like English today, international languages with a dominant effect on the educational systems and culture of the rest of their world.
		The language of Homer (the Iliad and the Odyssey) is an Ionic dialect with strong influences from the Aeolic (northern) dialects.
		Only as the year 1000 approached was it possible for the literate to begin to separate Latin (or Greek) from the spoken dialects that were clearly now new languages, and to recreate a pronunciation for the now "dead" classical Latin and Greek of the literary tradition.
	www.uta.edu /english/tim/courses/4301w99/lge.html (1753 words)

	Why Study Latin?
		In English literature Milton (who also wrote in Latin), Pope, and T. Eliot, in Spanish Góngora, and in Italian Dante (whose prose works are all in Latin) are all examples of writers who were influenced by Latin literature.
		The Romans' language, Latin, came to be used everywhere, largely displacing the native languages of France, Spain, the Balkans, North Africa, and parts of western Asia.
		As the centuries passed, Latin continued to be the international language of all educated men and women, living a parallel existence with the different national languages, such as Spanish or French, which were growing beside it.
	www.csus.edu /indiv/r/rileymt/course1/WhyStudy.html (1088 words)

	LATIN INFLUENCE IN ENGLISH FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A large number of these borrowings are Latinate, coming directly from Latin, from Latin through one of the Romance languages (French, Romanian, Italian, Portuguese, or Spanish) or from some other language (such as Greek) into Latin and then into English.
		It is speculated that the rule against split infinitives developed around the beginning of the English Renaissance, as English grammarians, trained to look to Ancient Greek and Latin as ideal languages, took a closer look at their own mother tongue.
		In Greek and Latin, it is impossible to split infinitives because these languages never use their infinitives together with a preposition.
	www.igopay.com /Latin_influence_in_English (791 words)

	Latin Translation Service - English to Latin Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Latin is unlike most of the languages we translate, in that it’s an extinct language.
		Latin has exerted a major influence on many other languages spoken through the world and continues to see limited use in academia, medicine, scientific classification and law.
		Italian unsurprisingly, is thought to be the purest descendant of Latin in terms of vocabulary.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/latin_translation.shtml (421 words)

	Latin American Spanish Translations: Translations for Latin America.
		This is the universal and somewhat arbitrary name that is given to idiomatic and native expressions and to the specific vocabulary of the Spanish language in Latin America.
		Some of the aspects that affect Spanish are: incorrect usage employed by the mass media, the influence of English and, maybe most importantly, the existing gaps in technical vocabulary.
		In Latin American Spanish the direct loanwords from English are relatively more frequent, without translating or adapting the spelling to the traditional norms.
	www.trustedtranslations.com /latin_american_spanish.asp (1597 words)

	French translations: English to French translation, French to English translation
		The importance of French to English translation and English to French translation began in the eighteenth century when France was the United States’ first ally.
		The influence of France and the French language on English and the United States began in the eighteenth century when France was the United States’ first ally.
		Accurate French to English translations and English to French translations are in a great demand in the economic sphere in both countries.
	www.lengua.com /french-translations.shtml (740 words)

	Degree programmes - English Literature, Language and Linguistics - Newcastle University
		Modules are available on Latin and Greek topics, ancient history and philosophy, English literature of all kinds and from all periods, American and post-colonial literature, film, and English language and linguistics.
		Therefore, the main aim of the degree is to encourage you to read as widely as possible in English literature and Latin and related areas, but always with a view to the inter-relationships between these two fields.
		Either Latin Level I: Intermediate (Language and Literature: I and II) or Latin Level I: Senior (Translations and Unseens, Prose and Verse, Essays) ― depending on your proficiency at entry.
	www.ncl.ac.uk /elll/undergrad/degrees/qq36.htm (713 words)

	Latin
		The Catholic Church used Latin as its primary liturgical language until the advent of the Second Vatican Council in the 1960s, after which it was largely replaced by the various vernacular languages of the parishioners.
		Although English is Germanic, rather than Romance, in origin -- Britannia was a Roman province, but the Roman presence in Britain had effectively disappeared by the time of the Anglo-Saxon invasions -- English borrows heavily from Latin and Latin-derived words.
		Latin is a synthetic inflectional language: affixes (often suffixes, which usually encode more than one grammatical category) are attached to fixed stems to express gender, number, and case in adjectives, nouns, and pronouns -- a process called 'declension'.
	articles.gourt.com /en/Latin (2190 words)

	Is the U.S. Losing Latin America?
		Latin America's populist surge, including the recent election of a leftist president in Ecuador, has left some analysts concerned that American clout in the region is declining.
		But some analysts say the United States appears to be losing influence because it is seen to have neglected Latin America since shifting its focus to the war on terror after the September 11 attacks on Washington and New York five years ago.
		Most analysts agree that while the United States should be wary of some of Latin America's leftist governments, it should also view them as an opportunity for cooperation to encourage the region along a path to political and economic reform.
	www.voanews.com /english/archive/2006-11/LatinAmerica2006-12-02-voa4.cfm?CFID=30730345&CFTOKEN=38087194 (1126 words)

	Amazon.com: NTC's Dictionary of Latin and Greek Origins: Books: Robert J Moore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		English is widely known to be one of the most difficult languages to master because of the lack of common rules.
		This is not a Latin textbook, as Jay Chang was probably looking for (he seemed to be looking for e-mail friends more than anything), and if he thought so from the title then he needs to study more English.
		My students (Graduate level English majors) love this book, we all find it very helpful because of the way it specifically traces roots in each words breakdown allowing the reader to understand many more words that are related.
	www.amazon.com /NTCs-Dictionary-Latin-Greek-Origins/dp/0844283215 (1294 words)

	Alexander Pope's Influence on Phillis Wheatley by Jim Bonasoro
		Some influences are ones that someone, especially one who has an understanding of Wheatley's background, would quickly detect and be able to pinpoint the origin of.
		Wheatley's influences towards her writing style can be traced to her first introduction to writing English, her knowledge of Latin and English literature, and especially her strong appreciation for the works of Alexander Pope.
		Between the use of Latin and Greek mythology, the use of real people in their works, and the role objectivity played in all their works, Pope's writing style became a key element in Phillis Wheatley's literature and work.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/1822/27718 (502 words)

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