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Topic: Latin spelling and pronunciation

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Latin

Latin language

Ecclesiastical Latin

Vowel length

Latin alphabet

List of Latin words with English derivatives

Liturgical language

Comparative method

Venetic language

Latin literature

Claudian letters

Vowel space

Diaeresis

Word order in Latin

Roman alphabet

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	7. Pronunciation Challenges. The American Heritage Book of English Usage. 1996
		Unfortunately, in English the correlation between spelling and pronunciation is not as close.
		Nonetheless, English sound and spelling were not all that far apart until the advent of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries, which helped to freeze English spelling while its pronunciation underwent dramatic changes, principally in the system of long vowels, which is known as the Great Vowel Shift.
		And with regard to the pronunciation of vowels in particular an enormous variation is tolerated across regional boundaries.
	www.bartleby.com /64/7.html (932 words)

	Latin (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Latin is a member of the family of Italic languages, and its alphabet, the Latin alphabet, is based on the Old Italic alphabet, which is in turn derived from the Greek alphabet.
		Latin was first brought to the Italian peninsula in the 9th or 8th century BC by migrants from the north, who settled in the Latium region, specifically around the River Tiber, where the Roman civilization first developed.
		Latin was influenced by the Celtic dialects and the non-Indo-European Etruscan language of northern Italy, as well as by the Greek of southern Italy.
	simlovic.sk /wikipedia/en.php/Latin (2494 words)

	Latin alphabet - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		It is generally held that the Latins adopted the western variant of the Greek alphabet in the 7th century BC from Cumae, a Greek colony in southern Italy.
		The Latin alphabet spread from Italy, along with the Latin language, to the lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea with the expansion of the Roman Empire.
		In the late eighteenth century, the Romanians adopted the Latin alphabet; although Romanian is a Romance language, the Romanians were predominantly Orthodox Christians, and until the nineteenth century the Church used the Cyrillic alphabet.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/l/a/t/Latin_alphabet.html (3134 words)

	Latin spelling and pronunciation - Definition, explanation
		The Roman alphabet is an adaptation of the Greek alphabet to represent the phonemes of the Latin language.
		In Latin the distinction between heavy and light syllables is important as it determines where the main stress of a word falls, and is the key element in classical Latin versification.
		This "Latin with an Italian accent" was adopted by the Catholic church, notably by the monks of Solesmes Abbey for their Gregorian chant, and is known as ecclesiastical Latin.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/l/la/latin_spelling_and_pronunciation.php (2233 words)

	Latin at AllExperts
		The Catholic Church used Latin as its primary liturgical language until the advent of the Second Vatican Council in the 1960s, after which the various vernacular languages of the parishioners were allowed in the liturgy.
		Latin is a synthetic inflectional language: affixes (often suffixes, which usually encode more than one grammatical category) are attached to fixed stems to express gender, number, and case in adjectives, nouns, and pronouns a process called 'conjugation'.
		Latin translations of modern literature such as Paddington Bear, Winnie the Pooh, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Le Petit Prince, Max und Moritz, Walter the Farting Dog, and The Cat in the Hat are intended to bolster interest in the language.
	en.allexperts.com /e/l/la/latin.htm (2076 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: American and British English spelling differences
		Webster was a strong proponent of spelling reform for reasons both philological and nationalistic.
		Many spelling changes proposed in the U.S. by Webster himself, and in the early 20th century by the Simplified Spelling Board, never caught on.
		Among the advocates of spelling reform in England, the influences of those who preferred the Norman (or Anglo-French) spellings of certain words proved decisive.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/American_and_British_English_spelling_differences/See_also (1007 words)

	Spelling and Pronunciation
		Did you ever wonder why we spell some words in English in ways which bear no resemblance to the way they are pronounced, for example:
		Would you believe after that, that the distribution of the two pronunciations of [gh] in English is amazingly regular?
		The stems in the Latin words were originally the same stems in Indo-European as those in the Germanic words.
	www.yourdictionary.com /library/ling006.html (466 words)

	Pronunciation
		In the ancient world, Latin was spoken over many centures in Rome, and underwent significant changes during those centuries.
		Latin was also spoken through the Mediterranean world and in Europe, with profound regional variations in pronunciation.
		One variation of this medieval pronunciation is "Ecclesiastical" Latin, as spoken in the Catholic Church.
	tutor.bestlatin.net /grammar/pronunciation.htm (565 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Latin spelling and pronunciation
		The Roman alphabet or Latin alphabet was adapted from an Etruscan alphabet, to represent the phonemes of the Latin language.
		Latin originally had no close front rounded vowel, and speakers tended to pronounce such loanwords with /ʊ/ (in archaic Latin) or /ɪ/ (in classical and late Latin) if they were unable to produce /ʏ/.
		This novel pronunciation, sometimes referred to as Roman, "Ecclesiastical", or "Church" Latin was the common pronunciation of Latin in Rome after the mid 16th century, and thereafter of Italy in general, after the late 18th century.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Latin_spelling_and_pronunciation (2858 words)

	The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Latin
		Latin was influenced by the Celtic dialects and the non-Indo-European Etruscan language in northern Italy, and by Greek in southern Italy.
		Also, although Latin remained the main written language of the Roman Empire, Greek came to be the language spoken by the well-educated elite, as most of the literature studied by Romans was written in Greek.
		Latin is a synthetic inflectional language: affixes (which usually encode more than one grammatical category) are attached to fixed stems to express gender, number, and case in adjectives, nouns, and pronouns, a process called declension.
	book-of-thoth.com /thebook/index.php?title=Latin (2483 words)

	Latin (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Latin is also still used (drawing heavily on Greek roots) to furnish the names used in the scientific classification of living things.
		Latin is a synthetic or inflectional language: affixes are attached to fixed stems to express gender, number, and case in adjectives, nouns, and pronouns, which is called declension; and person, number, tense, voice, mood, and aspect in verbs, which is called conjugation.
		Latin itself, being a very old language, is far closer to Proto-Indo-European than are most modern Western European languages; it has, in fact, about the same relationship with PIE as modern Italian or French has to Latin.
	www.abcworld.net /Latin.html (1437 words)

	Coast, first, group, Reggaeton, Mellow, style, music, early, Regional, Frost, years, usually, status - Latin rap
		Latin rap is not a homogeneous musical style but rather a term that covers all Hip-Hop music recorded by Latino s, as in Chicano rap, Reggaeton, Hip Hop Latino, and Hip Hop en espanol.
		Latin rap is not a homogeneous musical style but rather a term that covers all Hip-Hop music recorded by Latinos, as in Chicano rap, Reggaeton, Hip Hop Latino, and Hip Hop en espanol.
		Latin rap has also surfaced in the UK with a group called Cultura Londres who list Eric Bobo of Cypress Hill as one of their members.
	www.alphasearch.org /Latin-rap.html (892 words)

	Spelling Summary
		Whereas uniformity in the spelling of words is one of the features of a standard language in modern times, and official languages usually prescribe standard spelling, Minority languages and regional languages often lack this trait.
		The intelligence of Dan Quayle, for instance, was repeatedly disparaged for correcting a student's spelling of "potato" as "potatoe" at an elementary school spelling bee in Trenton, New Jersey on June 15, 1992[1].
		Divergent spelling is also a popular advertising technique, used to attract attention or to render a trademark "suggestive" rather than "merely descriptive." The pastry chains Dunkin' Donuts and Krispy Kreme, for example, employ nonstandard spellings.
	www.bookrags.com /Spelling (584 words)

	Spelling
		Spelling bees reward American school children who are good spellers of words they may never have used, to encourage students to learn to spell well.
		Spelling standards weren't even conceived of in English until the 16th and 17th centuries, when English printers began to insist on some uniformity in spelling words they had to set in type.
		When spellings are presented in a series, the first is the most common, the next less common, etc. Most publications require copy editors to use the first spelling (as the most common) in whatever dictionary is the house dictionary, or to use the spelling of the main entry, not the variant.
	www.nyu.edu /classes/copyXediting/Spelling.html (1313 words)

	The Vazul-line
		Familiarity with the Latin alphabet in the Carpathian Basin was the direct consequence of St Stephen's decision to join the Latin Catholic church.
		The influence of French charter tradition started with the Letter of Foundation of Tihany, and finally from the 11th century onwards Latin spelling and pronunciation in Hungary was modified in accordance with the rules of unwritten French spelling and pronunciation.
		It is also a wellknown fact that Hungarian Latin literature, which was born under Italian-Lotharinghian-Bavarian influence, was totally changed by French traditions by the end of the age of the Árpád dynasty, in linguistic, stylistic and aesthetic repects alike.
	mek.oszk.hu /01900/01955/html/index282.html (789 words)

	Simplified Spelling Society : Irish spelling.
		When the Latin alphabet was introduced into Ireland, there arose a written language and a vibrant literature characterized by sagas, epics, religious and personal lyric poetry and monastic and ecclesiastical texts.
		Dialectal variations in spelling and grammar continue to appear in reprinted school texts (eg, the works of the Donegal writer Máire), but they are generally highlighted and explained in a glossary.
		The pronunciation of Irish is often not obvious from the spellings and is quite confusing as these examples serve to illustrate.
	www.spellingsociety.org /journals/j22/irish.php (4093 words)

	GotPoetry.com > > Latin
		Although Latin is now widely considered to be an extinct language, with very few fluent speakers and next to no native ones, it has exerted a major influence on many other languages that are still thriving, and continues to see significant use in science, academia and law.
		Latin is a synthetic inflectional language: affixes (often suffixes, which usually encode more than one grammatical category) are attached to fixed stems to express gender, number, and case in adjectives, nouns, and pronouns—a process called "declension".
		Latin translations of modern literature such as Paddington Bear, Winnie the Pooh, Tintin, Asterix, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Le Petit Prince, Max und Moritz, and The Cat in the Hat are intended to bolster interest in the language.
	www.gotpoetry.com /MediaWiki/Latin (2754 words)

	How the name
		Though many believe the pronunciation of this name was lost, part of it has been preserved through the generations in some modern Hebrew names.
		Around 400 A.D. the Latin language became the predominate language of Christianity and the Greek versions of the New Testament were translated to Latin.
		The Latin Bible, or Vulgate as it is called, also transliterated what was left of Yahshua's Greek name by bringing across the same sound of "ee-ay-soos".
	www.judaismvschristianity.com /how_the_name.htm (1844 words)

	spell pronunciation
		Spelling Pronunciation presumes that people assign a particular sound to each letter.
		Spelling reforms want to go with the phonemic spelling but were never able to come up with a notation that was both phonemic and which preserved over 40% of the current traditional spellings.
		If spelling pronunciation were taught in the schools, then it would become obvious to everyone what letters were redundant and confusing.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /vangogh/555/Spell/spel-pronunciation.htm (1453 words)

	Latin
		The Catholic Church used Latin as its primary liturgical language until the advent of the Second Vatican Council in the 1960s, after which it was largely replaced by the various vernacular languages of the parishioners.
		Latin is a synthetic inflectional language: affixes (often suffixes, which usually encode more than one grammatical category) are attached to fixed stems to express gender, number, and case in adjectives, nouns, and pronouns -- a process called 'declension'.
		In the United States, the National Junior Classical League (the second-largest youth organization in the world after the Boy Scouts) encourages high school students to pursue the study of Latin, and the National Senior Classical League encourages college students to continue their studies of the language.
	articles.gourt.com /en/Latin (2190 words)

	Lesson 2: Spanish Pronunciation and Spelling
		A knowledge of pronunciation makes some verb problems go away: it explains, for example, why the verb hacer (to do or make) has a z in its third person singular preterit form, hizo (he/she/it/you did or made).
		Spanish pronunciation is much closer to the written form of the language than is that of English or French, which makes the learner's task easier.
		The following are the names of coujntries as spelled in Spanish, and in parentheses the names of the inhabitants of these countries.
	users.ipfw.edu /jehle/deisenbe/readsp/Lesson_2_-_Pronunciation_and_Spelling.htm (1710 words)

	Spelling and Pronunciation
		The norm of pronunciation is, generally speaking, "continental." Its values are elastic within type limits, or technically expressed, it permits phonemic variations of sounds not only under the influence of neighboring sounds but also as an effect of the native speech habits of individuals of various language backgrounds.
		Pronunciations deviating from these norms are indicated in the Dictionary by a simple system of respelling.
		Unassimilated guest words, that is, foreign or borrowed words which are identified in the Dictionary as to their origin, retain the pronunciation and spelling of the language of origin.
	bowks.net /auxilingua/b_IED-spelling.html (394 words)

	Engl401 \| Lessons \| Old English Spelling and Pronunciation 1
		In this course, pronunciation (to an adequate standard) of the late West Saxon dialect, which is the dialect in which most texts survive, will be taught.
		The written forms of the words you will hear are provided to help you learn the connection between spelling and pronunciation, but beware of following the spelling of the written word rather than the oral pronunciation in the sound clip, which is often surprisingly different.
		These should guide you to a pronunciation of Old English that will be acceptable in most situations where you are likely to pronounce it, but you should also either try to get hold of a tape-recording to imitate, or telephone me to have me polish your pronunciation over the phone.
	www.ucalgary.ca /uofc/eduweb/engl401/lessons/pronunc1.htm (1328 words)

	Classical compound: Encyclopedia II - Classical compound - Formation spelling and pronunciation
		In Latin, and in the target languages, the Greek vowels are given their classical values rather than their contemporary values in demotic Greek.
		The typical response in English is to treat the unfamiliar cluster as containing one or more silent letters and suppress their pronunciation.
		This adds to the irregularities of English spelling; moreover, since many of these words are encountered in writing more often than they are heard spoken, it introduces uncertainty as to how to pronounce them when encountered.
	www.experiencefestival.com /a/Classical_compound_-_Formation_spelling_and_pronunciation/id/4929827 (474 words)

	greeklatinaudio.com additional information
		The textual variations alluded to above, have principally to do with spelling, word order, inadvertent scribal insertions and omissions and other assorted manuscript-copiest murphyisms which, at a practical level, are of secondary concern to sincere Bible readers, thanks to the arduous and meticulous work of dedicated textual critics throughout recent centuries.
		Therefore, modern Greek pronunciation is every bit as valid a choice for a pronunciation convention as any other.
		Such is certainly a worthy endeavor because modern Greek is a world-class language with a tremendous legacy, having SURVIVED the merciless vagaries of linguistic evolution-and-devolution, which have obliterated virtually ALL of its great historical language contemporaries.
	www.greeklatinaudio.com /additional.htm (855 words)

	TCA Journal Excerpts (8)
		I have mentioned in other writings that teaching Latin in high school is like teaching butterflies to knit in that one must first get the students off the ceiling, then keep them concentrated on the subject when their natural tendency is to fly off in all directions.
		I like to have all students keep a Latin notebook in which they gather grammar and cultural notes they have taken, copied material I have handed out, a basic vocabulary list with all principal parts, marked papers I have returned, and special material they or their fellow students have brought in for extra credit.
		The horizontal method is very useful in presenting the varied forms of the most-used cases, but, especially as Latin dictionaries tend to use only the genitive case to indicate the declension of such nouns as status, once the students begin to write or speak Latin and need more vocabulary, the vertical method is very useful.
	www.txclassics.org /exrpts8.htm (1427 words)

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