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	Latrine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A latrine is a method of disposal of human waste used in rural areas and much of the developing world.
		Pit latrines are the simplest types, sometimes just a hole in the ground covered with a floor plate.
		Adding a ventilating pipe is the key improvement of the ventilated improved pit latrine, a design that helps reduce unpleasant smells and fly problems.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Latrine (153 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Latrine improvement is included in the 18 indicators of “Model Villages” and one of the 10 indicators to assess the performance of local officials for promotion.
		At the end of 1994, 4.96 million sanitary latrines had been built or improved for a rate of 29.3 percent of the total households and at the end of 1997, 7.8 million sanitary latrines were built or improved.
		The study showed that well-maintained double-urn latrines reduced bad smells from ammonia and sulphide, reduced fly density in the latrine by 96 percent in courtyards and kitchens by 51-72 percent, compared to the control villages where no actions were taken to reform latrines.
	www.comminit.com /downloads/word_docs/who/Latrines21.doc (2178 words)

	MSF-USA: Refugee Camp Project - Learn More: Latrines (simple pit latrine) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The simple pit latrine is one of the simplest and cheapest means of disposing of human wastes.
		Choose a site downhill from groundwater abstraction points and at least 30m away; the latrine (or group of latrines) should be not less than 5 m and not more than 50 m from the dwellings.
		Dig a drainage channel around the latrine to prevent run-off entering and to protect the walls of the pit.
	www.refugeecamp.org /learnmore/latrines/simple_pit_latrine.htm (501 words)

	SocietyGuardian.co.uk \| Society \| Learning to love the latrine
		Madagascar is not alone in having cultural and economic objections to latrines.
		Yet in Toamasina, Saint Gabriel and WaterAid have built 626 latrines and are planning to build another 700, mostly in quarters inhabited by the families of fishermen and rickshaw-pullers.
		Latrines became popular once the traditional leaders, the tangalamenas, tried them out in their own yards and observed no ensuing maledictions.
	society.guardian.co.uk /christmasappeal/story/0,11321,865042,00.html (868 words)

	Latrine -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A latrine is a method of disposal of (Any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae) human waste used in (additional info and facts about rural) rural areas and much of the (additional info and facts about developing world) developing world.
		Many variations exist, but at its simplest, the principle is that waste is controlled and (additional info and facts about decomposed) decomposed into harmless by-products.
		Adding a (additional info and facts about ventilating) ventilating pipe is the key improvement of the ventilated improved pit latrine, a design that helps reduce unpleasant smells and fly problems.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/la/latrine.htm (226 words)

	Oxfam - Sudan - Emergency - This is our latrine, keep it clean
		Each latrine would be handed over to a group of ten families, who would then be the ones to use, maintain and clean the latrine – it now ‘belongs’ to those families.
		The latrine is spotless and a makeshift door of branches has been put up to keep small children and donkeys out.
		Many women join our conversation and they all show a sense of pride in their latrine, but also in the whole camp, which is now considered the cleanest in the North.
	www.oxfam.org.uk /what_we_do/where_we_work/sudan/emergency/clean_latrine.htm (739 words)

	Virtual Naval Hospital: Manual of Naval Preventive Medicine: Chapter 9: Preventive Medicine for Ground Forces: Section ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In determining the type of latrine to be constructed consideration must be given to the length of stay, the water table, and soil conditions.
		The standard latrine box has four holes (seats), is 8 feet long and 2 1/2 feet wide at the base, and is mounted on two 6-inch planks.
		After latrines have been constructed, they should be enclosed in shelters to facilitate insect control, routine cleaning, privacy, and protection from flooding with rain water.
	www.vnh.org /PreventiveMedicine/Chapter9/9.27.html (1867 words)

	Atlanta Journal-Constitution Feature: Rural Ethiopia Latrine Program
		The Carter Center encourages the use of latrines to fight trachoma, the world's leading cause of preventable blindness.
		Latrines reduce the amount of human waste in the open, taking away prime breeding grounds for flies that transmit the disease.
		After extolling the latrine to community leaders in Amhara last year, Gebre saw his message catch on in village after village.
	www.cartercenter.org /doc2100.htm (424 words)

	5 LAKH LATRINE SCHEME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		On the basis of maximum number of latrines constructed in 1996-97 under the scheme, one panchayat samiti having maximum latrines and one panchayat samiti with minimum number of latrines constructed were selected thus total 24 panchayat samities were selected.
		In the disbursement of the subsidy the share of the State Government was 75.7 per cent, that of Zilla Parishad 13.4 per cent, Central Government 7.6 per cent and the rest 3.3 per cent share was that of Panchayat Samiti/Village Panchayats.
		Latrines constructed from the beginning of the scheme should be inspected once again, responsibilities should be fixed on the implementing officer and strict action should be taken regarding the non-existence of the latrines, so that misuse of the scheme will be under control.
	www.maharashtra.gov.in /intranet/Deswebpage/DESHTM/Z-1-PLS-SUM.htm (2393 words)

	First World War.com - Encyclopedia - Trench Latrines
		Battalions leaving the line were tasked with filling in their own latrines and preparing fresh pits for the incoming relieving force.
		Aside from the inevitable smell associated with faeces the area of the latrine was heavily dosed with quick-lime: the combined smell was formidably powerful (and repulsive).
		Nevertheless commanding officers were almost always strict in insisting that troops use designated latrines rather than communication trenches (for example) for fear of the possibility of disease.
	www.firstworldwar.com /atoz/latrines.htm (258 words)

	MSF-USA: Refugee Camp Project - Learn More: Latrines (VIP latrine) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Choose a site downhill and at least 30 m distant from groundwater points; the latrine (or group of latrines) should be not less than 5m and not more than 50m from the dwellings.
		The superstructure should provide a minimum of darkness so that when flies leave the pit they are attracted to the light coming from the ventilation pipe and not that coming from inside the superstructure.
		The only situation in which it is recommended to pour disinfectants in a latrine is during a cholera epidemic.
	www.refugeecamp.org /learnmore/latrines/vip_latrine.htm (654 words)

	REMOTE, AUSTERE, WILDERNESS & THIRD WORLD MEDICINE - Excreta Disposal / Building An Effective Latrine
		If individual latrines are not possible because of population density, centralized units may be built at the edge of a living quarter or camp section where each family has access to its own latrine.
		Calculation of the effective volume of a latrine pit: The pit latrine is the most common system of excreta control in the world.
		Trench latrines represent a method of excreta disposal which is simple and rapid to implement, but temporary.
	medtech.syrene.net /forum/showthread.php?t=976 (3107 words)

	Niger Latrine Program Aids Trachoma Prevention
		While only a small percentage of villagers reported using latrines as a way to prevent disease, Salissou Kane, resident technical adviser for the Trachoma Control Program in Niger, is pleased with project results.
		In addition to the latrines in Niger, the Carter Center has built 7,900 latrines in the five other African countries, learning along the way about cultural and regional influences.
		Center staff found in Mali that separate latrines would have to be built in homes housing more than one wife or family.
	www.cartercenter.org /doc1704.htm (554 words)

	Hands On: The Blair Necessity - Zimbabwe
		The Blair latrine has been carefully designed to ensure that the structure can be built at the lowest possible cost but also so that it will last the whole life-time of the pit which, for an average family will be between 12 and 15 years.
		The latrine has been further upgraded in some of the Bikita models by building onto it a simple hand-washing tank by the entrance, using the same basic construction techniques as the latrine itself.
		The convenient location of water for washing encourages users of the latrine to wash their hands immediately which is one of the most important aspects of good personal hygiene.
	www.tve.org /ho/doc.cfm?aid=574 (1197 words)

	Excite - News
		Mar 14, 7:44 am ET NAIROBI (Reuters) - Three Kenyans died trying to retrieve a mobile phone that slipped down an open-pit latrine while its owner answered a call of nature, a newspaper reported on Friday.
		Anxious to recover her phone, the owner in the coastal town of Mombasa offered 1,000 shillings ($13.09) to anyone who would recover it, the Daily Nation said.
		The Daily Nation said police prevented a fourth man from climbing into the latrine and the search for the phone was eventually abandoned.
	news.excite.com /odd/article/id/309483\|oddlyenough\|03-14-2003::08:08\|reuters.html (196 words)

	L&C latrine found in state park - billingsgazette.com
		LOLO (AP) - Archaeologists have uncovered what they believe is the latrine used by the Lewis and Clark Corps of Discovery at their Travelers' Rest campsite almost 200 years ago.
		Flynn said finding the latrine is a significant piece of evidence in identifying the site as one of the expedition's camps.
		Archaeologists first believed the site was a latrine because its size and distance from remnants of fire hearths fit military guidelines for setting up a camp, which they believe the expedition followed.
	www.billingsgazette.com /index.php?id=1&display=rednews/2002/07/20/build/local/90-latrine.inc (345 words)

	Debian -- latrine
		You can choose in what direction LaTrine shall ask, and the selection of the words or phrases will depend on how often you don't know the correct translation for the respective phrase.
		LaTrine provides full UTF-8 support for non-ASCII characters, as well as right-to-left input and output, e.g.
		LaTrine's upstream homepage can be found at http://www.godisch.de/debian/latrine/.
	packages.debian.org /unstable/text/latrine.html (244 words)

	UNICEF - Darfur (Sudan/Chad) - Region in crisis - Overview
		The building of thousands of latrines is helping improve conditions in camps, but aid agencies need to redouble their efforts to help families survive.
		Many of them have never used a latrine in their life, and do not know about washing their hands with soap after using the facilities.
		Educating the people about the need for hand-washing is a huge challenge, but it is crucial for maintaining good health; the risk of communicable disease in the camp is greater than in their home villages.
	www.unicef.org /emerg/darfur/index_22353.html (571 words)

	2002 Personal Account: Exploding Latrine
		Our latrines were dug by local help, and the pits were amazingly deep.
		One of the needed facilities is, of course, a latrine.
		After the field training, we would dig a big hole and bury the wood, since couldn't be used again for sanitation reasons.
	www.darwinawards.com /personal/personal2002-11.html (554 words)

	Christian Connections for International Health
		Select a place where a latrine is needed such as the church, market, school or compound.
		After finishing the latrine, surround the latrine with poles and a mat in order to give privacy for one using it.
		A pot of ashes should be kept in the latrine to sprinkle into the hole after using This reduces odor and flies breeding.
	www.ccih.org /resources/casestudies/htl3.htm (287 words)

	Water and Sanitation - Diarrhea, Diarrhoea - Dialogue on Diarrhoea Online - Prevention, Control, Management and ...
		If children are too small, or are too scared of the squat-hole, to use a latrine, a separate children's latrine could be built or a hole in the ground at a convenient distance from the house made for them to use for defaecation.
		If the bottom of the latrine is likely to be close to, or reach down into, the groundwater, then build it downhill from the water source.
		The latrine should be close to the home, if it is too far away, it is less likely to be used.
	www.rehydrate.org /dd/su31.htm (1492 words)

	Latrine Labor
		Several families had the means to build a latrine out of brick..
		The skeleton of a latrine, before the walls or roof were added.
		Finishing this latrine was a challenge (the family never had time) - but we finished just a few days before we left!
	www.tylerbosmeny.com /Paraguay/Latrines.htm (376 words)

	Haunted Latrine
		The latrine was a temporary facility, built to accommodate the influx of Allied soldiers, and was built of rather shoddy plasterboard.
		This was odd, not simply because of the rifle in the latrine, but because the British soldiers didn't generally use the temporary latrines, and the soldier's clothing was antiquated (he especially noted the old style of the helmet).
		It turns out that the latrine was positioned right where the gates of the post had been during World War I. One night, during that war, a soldier who was walking guard duty there had been murdered.
	www.pinn.net /~royaloak/Stories/latrine.htm (580 words)

	How to build a pit latrine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		These can be made by trained latrine builders in a village or through a central construction point set up by the project - where they can be bought at low cost.
		In these the latrine pan is placed a few metres away from the pit and a pipe with a water seal in the u-bend stops flies and smells escaping the pit.
		At their simplest families simply plant a tree once the shallow latrine pit is filled, while the more permanent fossa alterna has two pits - one of which remains covered while the other is in use.
	www.wateraid.org.uk /about_us/oasis/springsummer_2005/6206.asp?font=Small (518 words)

	WaterAid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A family pit latrine should be about 1.2m diameter, or square, (the smallest dimension that can be dug conveniently), with the pit wholly above the water table. It should be at least 3m deep and, if necessary to attain this depth, the floor level of the building above it should be raised above ground level.
		Pit latrines should be sited at least 50m from the nearest well or borehole. When water is used for anal cleansing this rule can be difficult to enforce and hydrogeological advice should be sought.
		In villages where people use water for anal cleansing, pour flush latrines can be constructed. The squatting slab can then be sited a metre or two away from the pit, to which it drains via a communication pipe. The squatting plate and pit cover are easier to construct and are just as satisfactory.
	www.wateraid.org /site/in_depth/technology_notes/303.asp (497 words)

	The Latrine
		The latrine is in a shack and is nothing more than a pit in the darkness with some wooden planks running across the pit to make sure I wouldn't fall into the cesspool and squat.
		In the latrine, my delusions crystallized into something real for me to compare and re-examine with a more critical and skeptical eye.
		In the crowded house and in the dark latrine I learned to value objects only for their raw functions.
	halfkorean.com /hkarticles/latrine.htm (1389 words)

	Expatica's German news in English: 600-year-old papal seals found in German latrine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Regional archaeology office director Hauke Joens said the find - in the shaft of a latrine on the campus of Greifswald University - was "sensational".
		The seals were buried in a wooden latrine shaft about 3 metres deep.
		At this point, the archaeologists could only surmise that the four papal seals had perhaps been contained in a bag which was then given up for lost when it inadvertently fell into the latrine.
	www.expatica.com /source/site_article.asp?subchannel_id=52&story_id=21986&name=600%2Dyear%2Dold+papal+seals+found+in+German+latrine (354 words)

	r5 The Happy Hour Latrine
		We showed Lt. Butts our marvelous latrine, and perhaps inspired by our local beverage appointed him "Honorary Latrine Orderly." This honor, we explained, also gave him the privileges of an enlisted man in using our latrine.
		We were sure that the heavy rail traffic was to enable the citizenry to admire our great latrine, though there was less enthusiasm displayed by the passengers when the latrine was not in use.
		Upon his return to our latrine later in the day, he was treated to the same routine.
	garnet.acns.fsu.edu /~jtaintor/r5.htm (1296 words)

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