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Topic: Latrodectus

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	Widow spider - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Latrodectus includes approximately 31 recognized highly poisonous species, with the fl widow spiders (Latrodectus mactans) being the best known members of the group.
		Along with the Latrodectus mactans, the glossy fl ones with the famed red hourglass, the gray or brown widow spiders (Latrodectus geometricus), the red widow spiders (Latrodectus bishopi), the northern widows (Latrodectus variolus), and the western widows (Latrodectus hesperus) (Preston-Malfham, 1998) are also found in the United States.
		Latrodectus variolus, the Northern fl widow, from the extreme southeastern part of Canada and south to northern Florida, with frequency higher in the northern part of this range.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Widow_spider (859 words)

	Florida Nature: Latrodectus geometricus - Brown Widow
		Latrodectus geometricus - A female brown widow (Latrodectus geometricus) investigates the catch-of-the-day: an unlucky, young southern toad (Bufo terrestris).
		Latrodectus geometricus - This juvenile female brown widow took refuge underneath the cocoon of an eastern tent cateripillar (Malacosoma americanum) during a storm.
		Latrodectus geometricus - This female brown widow, hanging by a tiny strand of silk between a cable TV cable and wall, was found a few feet above the brown widow in the above photo.
	www.floridanature.org /species.asp?species=Latrodectus_geometricus (519 words)

	Black widow spider - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The fl widow spider (Latrodectus mactans) is a spider notorious for its neurotoxic venom.
		It is a large widow spider found throughout the world and commonly associated with urban habitats or agricultural areas.
		According to a widely-reported media story (Wigmore, 2003), Chilean scientists were using part of Latrodectus venom to synthesize a drug that will not only serve as a male contraceptive, but will also work in a fashion similar to Viagra; however, this has not been reported in any mainstream peer-reviewed scientific journal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Black_widow_spider (922 words)

	C-View MEDIA Group - The Home of REPTILIAN Magazine, Europe's Premier Herp Magazine
		The genus Latrodectus (family Theridiidae, the cobweb weavers) is represented in North America by five species known as the widow spiders.
		Latrodectus pallidus is found from Libya north to Russia, while L. geometricus is found in European countries bordering the Mediterranean, also occurring in warmer countries throughout the world.
		Although serious Latrodectus bites are rare in any event, the venom of L. geometricus has been reported as three to four times less potent than that of Latrodectus indistinctus (O. Cambridge), an African species.
	www.cviewmedia.com /Articles/AM01_WidowSpiders.html (4030 words)

	Black Widow Spiders by Jim Cornish, Gander, Newfoundland Canada
		Her body is about 1 inch long; the male is about half her size and may have a pair of reddish stripes on the sides of his abdomen.
		The widow spiders, genus Latrodectus, are among the most recognized spiders on earth; they are the largest of the cobweb weavers, family Theridiidae, and all species are poisonous.
		Latrodectus mactans is found throughout the world in warmer regions, and is the commonest species throughout the United States.
	www.cdli.ca /CITE/spidersblack.htm (584 words)

	[No title]
		The red widow, Latrodectus bishopi, is a U.S. species with a restricted range, being found only in palmetto fronds of sandy, scrub-pine regions of central and southern Florida.
		The brown widow, Latrodectus geometricus, is a cosmotropical species, found in most tropical seaports around the world; it is an introduced species in Florida.
		The malmignatte, or European fl widow, Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttatus, is the common widow spider of southern Europe (northern Mediterranean).
	www.geocities.com /Yosemite/Trails/3137/blackwidow.html (1107 words)

	Florida Entomologist, v. 84, n. 3, p. 380
		Populations of the red widow spider, Latrodectus bishopi, in native Florida scrub at the Archbold Biological Station were monitored annually on ten ~0.5 ha transects in late winter from 1987 to 2000.
		The red widow spider, Latrodectus bishopi Kaston 1938, is endemic to xeric, upland ecosystems found in Central and Southeastern Florida (Levi and Levi 1990; Edwards 1994).
		Although there seem to be no long-term studies of population dynamics for any other Latrodectus species, there is good evidence that natural enemies commonly limit spider population densities (Wise 1993 and references therein).
	www.fcla.edu /FlaEnt/fe84p385.htm (3511 words)

	Redback Spiders
		The notorious Black Widow Spider (Latrodectus sp) of the United States is a close relative of the Redback Spider, and only differs in appearance by the absence of a red dorsal stripe.
		Other species of Latrodectus occur in the Africa Pacific Islands, New Zealand, Europe and North and South America.
		Once the female has mated, she can store sperm and use it over a period of up to two years to lay several batches of eggs.
	www.austmus.gov.au /factsheets/redback.htm (827 words)

	Spiders Publications
		"Red-back spider (Latrodectus mactans hasselti) envenomation in a neonate." Med-J-Aust 2(12): 665-6.
		"[Primary structure of delta-latroinsectotoxin from venom of the Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttatus spider]." Bioorg-Khim 22(1): 68-73.
		"Latrodectus mactans (fl widow spider) envenomation: an unusual cause for abdominal pain in pregnancy." Obstet-Gynecol 83(5 Pt 2): 830-1.
	www.kingsnake.com /toxinology/old/arachnid/spiderspubs.html (1258 words)

	Latrodectus biography @ Tartareandesire.com
		Latrodectus was founded in January 2000 by Arkwolf (drums, Crom (guitars), Count Necurat (voc), Shyvv (keyboards) and Nemesis (bass).
		Latrodectus is the scientific name of the most terrific spider in earth : the Black Widow !
		During the summer of 2002, Latrodectus signed a deal with Adipocere and entered the Drudenhaus studio with producer Xort (keyboard of Anorexia Nervosa) in order to record “Altered Flesh”.
	www.tartareandesire.com /bands/latrodectus.html (258 words)

	eMedicine - Spider Envenomations, Widow : Article Excerpt by: Sean P Bush, MD, FACEP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttatus and Latrodectus pallidus are found in Europe and South America, and the button spider (Latrodectus indistinctus) is found in South Africa.
		The adult female fl widow spider is approximately 2 cm in length and shiny fl with a red-orange hourglass or spot on the ventral abdomen.
		Latrodectus geometricus is brown with red and yellow markings.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/byname/spider-envenomations-widow.htm (435 words)

	Family Theridiidae
		The dangerous fl widow or red back, (Latrodectus hasselti) belongs to this family and these spiders are notorious for their very poisonous venom.
		The male is creamy brown of colour and with a white hour-glass pattern on the underside of his abdomen.
		Latrodectus builds her web in dark places near the ground, preferring the sheltered sides of buildings, abandoned rodent holes, or openings in stone outcroppings.
	www.xs4all.nl /~ednieuw/australian/theridiidae/Theridiidae.html (1112 words)

	Spiders through the Scanning Electron Microscope
		Brown recluse spiders (and their relatives, genus Loxosceles) and fl widow spiders (genus Latrodectus) are the most medically important spiders in the United States.
		Spinnerets of the widow spider Latrodectus hesperus (family Theridiidae), female specimen from Riverside, California.
		Egg case of the widow spider Latrodectus variolus (family Theridiidae), from Maryland.
	www.nmnh.si.edu /highlight/sem/highlight/spiders/spiders.htm (1627 words)

	Theridiidae (comb-footed spiders, button spiders, widow spiders)
		The very common species, Latrodectus geometricus, or Brown or Geometric button spider occurs around every home, outside under window ledges, behind drain pipes, under wood piles etc. Although its bite can sometimes be troublesome, it is not life threatening as is the case with of most of this group.
		Latrodectus geometricus (red hourglass marking on the underside) with her egg sac.
		The Brown Button spider, Latrodectus geometricus, is very variable in colour ranging from cream, beige, brown, olive green to fl but always with dorsal geometric markings that radiate down the sides of the abdomen.
	www.museums.org.za /bio/spiderweb/theridii.htm (702 words)

	Refs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Description of the male of the population of Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805, from the shores of Rio de Janeiro and Guanabara].
		Franklin CE (1988) Behavioural observations and neurophysiological responses of cockroaches envenomated with Latrodectus katipo venom.
		Pinto JEB, Rothlin RP (1974) Presynaptic adrenergic supersensitivity induced by crude Latrodectus mactans venom.
	spiderpharm.com /Species/latrefs.htm (7525 words)

	LATRODECTUS MACTANS - Pathogénésies de l'an 1900 - Robert Séror
		LATRODECTUS MACTANS - Pathogénésies de l'an 1900 - Robert Séror
		I do not know that the doctor who is the direct occasion of this paper was grim, nor do I imagine he ever dreamed of such an application of his paper as I purpose to make.
		From these data the poison of Latrodectus mactans is suggested for trial in angina pectoris, in that its physiological action presents the closest similimum yet found.
	www.homeoint.org /seror/patho1900/latrodectus.htm (3898 words)

	Jeremy Miller
		This project is part of a larger research program on the evolution of widow spiders in collaboration with colleagues at the Smithsonian Institution (Ted Schultz), the University of California at Riverside (Jessica Garb and Cheryl Hayashi), and the University of Toronto (Maydianne Andrade).
		Knowledge of both the sexual behavior and venom characteristics of Latrodectus species is uneven and rarely comparative, so much of our effort will be focused on observing multiple species both in the lab and in the field.
		Latrodectus hasselti, more toxic and more aggressive than the native species, is now established in New Zealand.
	www.calacademy.org /research/entomology/personnel/jmiller (3583 words)

	The Ultimate EMS Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Latrodectus species are all equally toxic and are common in California, but are found in all 48 lower states.
		The fl widow spider (Latrodectus mactans) is commonly found in cool, damp, dark places such as under rocks, in attics or in woodpiles.
		Initial treatment of all Latrodectus species bites includes managing the ABCs, ice to the bite area to slow the absorption of the venom, elevation of the extremity (if applicable) and generalized supportive care.
	www.merginet.com /index.cfm?pg=environ&fn=BlackWidowSpiderBite (1646 words)

	Spiders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The family is best known due to the notoriety of the genus Latrodectus, the Button spiders, also called Widow spiders as females often consume the male after mating.
		Sometimes the markings on Latrodectus geometricus are not that apparent on those that are darkly coloured or fl and the latter could be confused with Latrodectus indistinctus.
		Latrodectus geometricus has a spiked egg sac while that of Latrodectus indistinctus is smooth.
	www.rochedalss.eq.edu.au /spider/spidersnake.htm (967 words)

	Southern black widow spider
		The body length of the female is about 3/8 inch and that of the male is about 3/16 inch, but sizes within different geographical populations can vary widely.
		The western fl widow, Latrodectus hesperus Chamberlin and Ivie, usually has the hourglass marking connected or complete with the anterior triangle larger and wider than the posterior triangle.
		The northern fl widow, Latrodectus variolus Walckenaer, usually has the hourglass divided, typically with red spots on the dorsum and white lines on the sides.
	entowww.tamu.edu /fieldguide/cimg368.html (763 words)

	Black Widow Spider (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		INTRODUCTION: These spiders get their common name from the popular belief that the female eats the male after mating, a phenomenon which rarely happens in nature.
		The genus Latrodectus is worldwide in distribution, with 5 species occurring in the United States.
		Latrodectus hespenrus Chamerlin and lvie, the "western" widow.
	personalwebs.myriad.net /bugboy/blackwid.htm (953 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search View - Black Widow Spider (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		At least three other species found in the United States are also poisonous to humans: the brown, or gray, widow spider; the red widow spider, with irregular red and yellow markings; and the northern widow spider, with a row of red spots above and two red bars on the underside of the abdomen.
		The name is applied especially to the familiar North American species Latrodectus mactans.
		The brown, or gray, widow spider is classified as Latrodectus geometricus, the red widow spider as Latrodectus bishopi, and the northern widow spider as Latrodectus variolus.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761579227__1/Black_Widow_Spider.html (350 words)

	Spiders
		One of them is done molting, as she's produced two egg sacs in the last week, and the other is larger than she is. Also interesting is that the fellow who brought these in said that the markings on these were representative of the markings he found on all the females at his worksite.
		Of those five species, only adult female Latrodectus mactans and Latrodectus hesperus are fl and have complete red hourglasses on the ventral side of the abdomen near the spinnerets.
		Latrodectus variolus also has a row of red spots down the middle of its abdomen.
	www.rochedalss.eq.edu.au /redblack.htm (2484 words)

	Black Widow Spiders and Other Spiders of Medical Importance
		The widow spiders belong to the genus Latrodectus.
		The Southern fl widow spider - Latrodectus mactans is distributed from southern New England to Florida west to eastern Oklahoma, Texas and Kansas.
		Latrodectus lugubis : A fl widow spider found in Kazakhstan and Central Asia.
	members.tripod.com /~LouCaru/index-13.html (3691 words)

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